高考英语高考英语完型填空专题ppt课件

,高考英语完形填空专题,完形填空是NMET试题中的一个重要部分。“完形填空共20题(从第3655题)，考试时间为15分钟，分值为30分，占总分的20。在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约250词)内留有20个空格，每个空格为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。填空的词项包括结构词和实义词。”“完形填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”。（测试能力要求大体接近大学非英语专业二年级水平。）,高中英语课程标准和考试说明对高考完形填空的规定,语法结构,词汇题,篇章结构,高考完形填空考什么？,词汇手段,复现,同现,词汇的复现关系指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。词汇的复现关系又可分为原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、上下义词复现和概括词复现四类。,复现,eg:1.Theygotosleepinallkindsofplaces.Redsquirrelsdisappearinsidetrees,bearsusecaves,frogsgodeepunderthemud,andmanyotheranimalsdigholesintheearth.2.IndeedwithoutEinsteinstheory，whichwastheresultomanycomplicatedmathematicalcalculations，therewouldneverhavebeenanypracticalapplicationofnuclearpower3.Atthatmoment,however,hefeltstrangelyunwillingtodoso.Insteadofmovingbackwardasplanned,hetookastepforward,andthenanother!,(概括和同义复现),上下义词复现,反义复现,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,Itcanbesaidthatforeign_74_thatmakesthefacultymemberfromabroadanassetalso(creates)problemsofadjustment,bothfortheuniversityandfortheindividual.fessorandhisstudents(lack)backgroundineachothersculture.74.A.situationB.backgroundC.circumstancesD.condition,四个选项都表示情况的概念,而一个外籍老师的情况又该用什么词来表达,通过文章后半部的阅读考生就不难发现background一词，便可判断此处答案为B。,Astheplanecircledovertheairport,everyonesensedthatsomethingwaswrong.Movingthepilot(aside),themantookhisseatandlistenedcarefullytothe(urgent)instructionsthatwerebeingsentbyradiofromtheairport(below).Theplanewasnowdangerouslyclose(to)theground,buttoeveryones(relief),itsoonbegantoclimb.Themanhadto_84_theairportseveraltimesinordertobecome(familiar)withthecontrolsoftheplane.Following_88_,themanguidedtheplanetowardtheairfield.84.A.surroundB.circleC.observeD.view88.A.impressionsB.informationC.inspectionsD.instructions,从上文中的circled可以推断84在机场上盘旋应该是B。从上文中listenedtotheinstructions可以判断88为D。这样，84为上文中circle的复现；followinstructions为listentoinstructions的复现。,Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.Itisthe_80_responsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.A.studentsB.professorsC.assistantsD.librarians,从前面的responsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents可以判断查找材料也应该是学生的责任，所以答案为A。,2)同义词、近义词复现,Forcingyourselftorecall(almost)neverhelpsbecauseitdoesnt_yourmemory;itonlytightensit.81.A.loosenB.weakenC.decreaseD.reduceTherearefourtypesofblood._67_typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.67.A.AllB.MostC.NoD.Some,前后两部分互为解释，一为肯定，一为否定，为反义复现。从下文的tighten可以判断，上文应该是选loosen。并列连词and说明前后语意一致，那么，前后应该是反义复现，与no反义的自然是A(all)。,Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,theinstructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththe(information)inthereadingWhenresearchis_78_,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwith(minimum)guidance.78.A.collectedB.assignedC.distributedD.finished,该部分作者通过两个例子说明，应该有学生负责自己的学习，都是从布置作业方面解释。说明布置阅读作业时要求学生如何；布置研究作业时又该要求学生如何。两个例子概念复现，借助于givereadingassignment的表达方式，可以确定78应该是B，构成assignresearch的结构,3)同源词复现,(Although)thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally(smooth)andwellmaintained,with(little)sharpcurvesandmanystraight(sections)othersareunevenroad_85_throughthecountry.85.A.drivingB.curvingC.crossingD.travelling,上文中提高高速公路上的弯道时用的是curve，85复现弯道的概念，用的应该是与curve有关的动词，即curving,Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina_85_result:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneof(man)otherobjectives.85.A.singleB.soleC.specializedD.specificConsidertheeverydayEnglish_87_Goodbye.87.A.expressionB.statementC.proverbD.conversation,冒号后自然是对上文的解释，从解释的内容来看，三者统一于一个概念之下：specific为具体，所以答案为D/B是特殊的Goodbye为所填之词的同位语，goodbye为下义词，其上义词应该是A，expression。,4)上义词复现,1)场所同现Thisisthoughttobea_89_wherefurtherstudyiscalled(for).89.A.ascopeB.fieldC.rangeD.district,研究就有研究的领域、研究的课题、从事研究的人员。所以研究与领域是同现，答案自然就是B。,Another(way)todividethestudyof_80_istodistinguishbetweenphysicalgeographyandculturalgeography.Theformerfocusesonthenaturalworld;the_81_startswithhumanbeingsand_82_howhumanbeingsandtheirenvironmentact(upon)eachother.Butwhengeographyisconsideredasasinglesubject,_84_branchcanneglecttheother.80.A.worldBearthC.globeD.geography81.A.secondB.nextC.laterD.latter82.A.learnsB.studiesCrealizesD.understands84.A.neitherB.toC.oneD.by,从文章主题(也就是话题)来看，本短文所谈论的是地理。地理作为一门科学有其研究的内容。所以，geography,science,study是同现词汇,80答案为D，这从下文分述中的复现也可证明；82答案为B，是同现动词。从上文former的使用可以推断82答案为D，因former与latter为结构同现。最后theother的使用说明只有两个，况且这一段所讨论的就是两种地理观的区别，那么两者都不自然就是neither，也就是说neither与theother本来是同现关系。,2)修饰同现(Although)thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally_72_andwellmaintained,with(little)sharpcurvesandmanystraight_74_,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemost(enjoyableone).72.A.stableB.smoothC.splendidD.complicated74.A.selectionsB.separationsC.seriesD.sections本题涉及到名词同现和形容词同现。与高速公路同现的形容词自然应该是平坦，有高速公路同现的名词自然有路段。由此来判断可知72答案为B，74答案为D。,语法手段,照应,替代,省略,2、语法结构方面对语法结构的考查集中在1）虚拟语气；2）定语从句（连接词，限定与非限定定语从句的区别，定语从句与其它主从复合句的区别）；3）状语从句；4）非谓语动词(动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词)；5）主谓搭配一致(时态，语态，语气，人称，数)；6）并列句，省略句，倒装句及割裂的复杂句子；7)逻辑主语(主要是非谓语动词的逻辑主语)，在句法上不是主谓关系，但在语义上为施动者与动作的关系；8)词类之间的搭配要求，如名词需要形容词，名词，冠词，非谓语动词，词组及定语从句修饰；动词需要副词词组修饰；及物动词后应加宾语等。做这一类题除了要有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容，这样才能确保答案的正确。,eg:,(1)Inadditionto,therearewordsfromSpanishinEnglishandmanyAmericanIndianwordsandnames;evenChinesesandJapanesewordshavefoundtheirwayintotheEnglishlanguage.Thisborrowingofwordsfrom_isonethekeyreasonsforsomeofthedifficultiesthatpeoplemeetwithwhentheyarelearningEnglish.(2)Unfortunatelytherearealargenumberofpeopleinmyfamily;somewantedtoseeoneprogramme_otherspreferredanother.,分析填otherlanguage，这里的otherlanguages与前边的Englishlanguage对照。,分析填：while,表示some与others对照。,(1)Forexample,ifconsumersbuyonlysmallcars,manufactureswillkeeponmaking_Ifconsumersbuyonlylargeautomobiles,manufacturerswillmaketheseinstead.Sometimes,thequalityoftheservicethatisavailablewilldecidewhichcarsareboughtA.whichB.itC.onesD.them(2)Ofcoursehedidnotunderstandathing,buthenoddedhisheadas_he.A.didB.hadC.understoodD.could(3)ThestrangeDrhadbeenlovedbysomeone:hehadgivenhislife,asCharley_,foracausehebelievedright.A./B.hadbeenC.hadD.haddone,分析选them，代替cars。,分析选did，代替understood,分析选had,代替hadgivenhislife。,Fillintheformsbelowinproperwords.(4)BraytonrosetohisfeetandpreparedtobacksoftlyawayfromthesnakeAtthatmoment，however,hefeltstrangelyunwillingtodo_1_.Insteadofmovingbackward_2_planned,hetookastepforward,andthenanother!,分析1填so，代替前边的backsoftlyawayfromthesnake2填as，代替后边的takeastepforwarddo,eg:ChoosethebestanswertothequestionAphilosophersaidthatwehavenorighttoopposeapositionuntilwecanstatethatpositioninawaythatfullysatisfiesthosewhohold;until,indeed,wecanmakeoutabettercaseforitthantheproponenthimself_.A.candoB.mayC.doD.can,分析:填can，是前边canmakeoutabettercaseforit的省略。,这里指的是句际关系，即在连贯的语篇中句子与句子之间在结构上和意思上的联系。从逻辑意义来看，语篇中句子间的交际关系主要有以下几种类型。,逻辑手段,逻辑手段,并列关系,顺序关系,转折关系,解释关系,分指关系,因果关系,Neveraskachild(whether)helikesanddislikesafoodandnever(discuss)infrontofhimorallow6elsetodoso.A)everybodyB)anybodyC)somebodyD)nobodyItisalwayssatisfyingtodosomething_nooneelsehasdone.A.whichB.whatC.itD.that本题考查语法结构，此空要求填一个不定代词。这是一个由never开头的否定句，只是never在并列分句中承前省略，改为由or连接，故选anybody，形成neverallowanybodyelsetodoso的结构。,Choosethebestanswertoquestionsbelow：(1)Amongmanypeoplethereisuneasymood-asuspicionthatchangeisoutofcontro1.Noteveryone,_,sharesthisanxietyA.butB.andC.whileD.however(2)Heappearedcalm,_insidehisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.A.andB.orC.butD.otherwise,分析：(1)填however，表示前一句与本句的转折。(2)填but,表calm和fear对照。,上下文语境,1Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad2astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcase3downthestairs.1).A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired2.)A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked3).A.rollingB.passingC.droppingD.turning,分析：在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下，可知1题答案为D.tired，即当我到达三楼时，已经很累了；再从爸爸“提着两只衣箱跟在我后面”以及下文的信息词“fell”可知此句的意思是：爸爸少跨了一步摔倒了，衣箱滚下了楼梯。因此2、3题的答案分别为C、A，尽管其它选项在语法上均无错误。,2.That“somethingspecial”wasmen-_individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnew(sources)ofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationtoreshapethesociety.Themenwho_themachinesofthe(came)frommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.4A)generatingB)effectiveC)motivationD)creative6.A)employedB)createdC)operatedD)controlled,第4题选D)。句中creativeindividuals是后面定语从句whoinventmachines在意义上的同现，符合上下文。第6题选B)created。Created是上一句中creativeindividualswhocouldinventmachines的近义复现。其他选项均与上下文不符。,1.IttookCharlieMuiseveralmonthstosaveupsevendollars.Hewantedto_amodelplaneandwenttotheshopwiththemoney.AsellB.buyC.holdD.bring2.TomwantstolearnmoreabouttheBritishpoliticalsystem,buthedoesntknowwheretogetthe_.A.situationB.informationC.conversationD.association,2.根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理,例1：Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir_.Thiswasthebeginningofanother_dayinNewYorkCity.1.A.jobsB.homesC.busesD.offices2.A.workingB.hotC.sameD.ordinary,分析：从信息词“earlymorning”和“sleepy-eyed”来判断，B.homes不符合逻辑，按生活经验，他们是去上班。这时有些考生也许会认为，既然上班，就要去“挤公交车”或“去办公室”。但上班的方式也有步行的、骑车的或坐地铁的，也有自己开车去的。人们上班有去农场的、煤矿的，还有去工厂车间的，不一定去办公室。因此，C.buses和D.offices不符合生活实际。1题只有A.jobs才是最合乎逻辑的选项，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平平常常的，因此2题答案是D.ordinary,例2：（NMET1998）Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast29bedandbringhimthepapersto30.29.A.toB.atC.inD.by30.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign,分析：29题的答案是C，bed的前面应当用介词in。至于30题，就要用到相应的文化背景知识：外国人有早上读报的习惯，句中papers即报纸（newspapers）。这是理解文章细节的关键。有了这些文化背景知识，便可迅速推断出最佳选项B.read。因为生活中过分溺爱孩子的母亲，让儿子“在床上”吃早饭，“读”早报是很自然的事情，这也正与文章的主旨相吻合。,根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配来选择答案,词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例也是比较大的，多数题目涉及到动词的用法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词的用法紧密相关。解决这类题目要求考生多读、多记，对所学习语或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能灵活运用。,4.根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义,例1：Dadtaughtmealotaboutlife,especiallyitshardtimes.Irememberedoneofhis1onenightwhenIwasreadytoquit(退出)apoliticalcampaign（运动）Iwaslosing,andwroteaboutitinmydiary.Tired,feelingthemonthsof2,Iwentuptomystudytomakesomenotes.1.A.classesB.adviceC.lessonsD.talks2.A.struggleB.workingC.battleD.defence,分析：class（课，班级，阶级）advice（忠告，建议，不可数名词）lesson（课程，教训）talk（谈话，讲演），根据短文中提供的信息，应该是作者准备退出一场失败了的政治活动时，父亲“教训”了他一顿，所以1题的答案是A.lessons。2题的选项B.working（工作