高考题型七选五汇编PPT课件

-,1,阅读填空（七选五）,高考新题型,-,2,该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式体现了新课标“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。,-,3,一、选材特点。一般为280300词左右的说明文或议论文(单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不宜于考查逻辑思维能力，一般较少出现)。二、设空特点。设空类型一般有:,其他,标题类、,主题句类、,承上启下类、,概括总结类、,-,4,三、选项特点。该题型选项大致可分为三类:主旨概括句(文章整体内容)过渡性句子(文章结构)注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义),-,5,Letsdiscusstofindmore!,-,6,【例1】Thescientistssaythatthehumanlifehaschangedgreatly.Ourbodieshavenotbeenabletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishadledtonewkindsofsicknesses.72Sotheyarecalled“diseasesofcivilization”Manycancersanddiseasesofthebloodsystemareexamplesofsuchdiseases.AStoneAgepeoplelivedasimplelife.BButtoday,weenjoyeatingalotofthese.CInthatcase,theywouldlivemuchhealthier.DAncientpeoplealsogotlotsofphysicalexercise.EThesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.F.Peopletodayprobablydontwanttolivelikeourancestors.GModernpeopleusedtosufferfrom“diseasesofcivilization”.,解析：E项的sicknesses与72空前的sicknesses属于同词复现。,-,7,【例2】Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofgoingoverseasmayincludedaytodayopportunitiestolearnanewculture,meetnewfriendswithwhomyoucanuseandpracticethelanguage,andchancestoseedifferentpartsoftheworld.73.Thosedisadvantagesincludeexpense,timeawayfromonesschool,family，.AThefollowingareitsadvantages.BHowever,theremaybeanumberofdisadvantages.CConsideradistanceeducation.DMostofusareadaptedtostudyingatschool.,第一句话中有advantages，与B项属于反义词复现。空后的Thosedisadvantages与B项中的disadvantages属于同词复现。答案：B,-,8,一、细节类题型解题技巧1词汇的衔接(1)词汇复现复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。,-,9,【例3】Everybodygetsstressedfromtimetotime.Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:(1)Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktoatrustedadult,suchasaparentorotherrelatives._72_Theymighthavehadsimilarproblemssuchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.,A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.C.DifferentpeoplefeelstressindifferentwaysE.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.F.Anddontforgetaboutyourfriends.,72空前有trustedadult(可以相信的人)该空前的父母、亲戚；还有朋友(And.friends)。,-,10,Parentsshouldhelptheirchildrenunderstandmoney.71soyoumaystarttalkingaboutmoneywhenyourchildshowsaninterestinbuyingthings,candyortoys,forexample.,D.Talkyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyaremostimportanttoyou.E.Askyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyaremostimportanttoyou.G.Thebesttimetoteachachildanythingaboutmoneyiswhenheshowsaninterest.,【例4】（2011课标全国卷）,-,11,(2)同范畴词出现同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。,-,12,【例5】_73_Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheanger，thendecideifthecauseisseriousenoughtogetangryabout.ADoctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.BHesaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.CAngerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.,73空后的they与A项doctors照应。,-,13,【例6】_72_Theirangermightbesostrongthattheylosecontroloftheirtemper.Theymayactinwaysunacceptableandhurtful.Peoplemaysaythatsomeonehastroublecontrollingtheirtemper._73_EInfact,theyusuallymeanthatakidbehavesbadlywhenfeelingangry.GSomekidsgetangrymoreoftenormoreeasilythansomeotherkids.,72空后的Their照应G项中的Somekids；答案：G,73空前的people照应E项中的they答案：E,-,14,(3)代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或某个概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these或those指代前句的复数名词。,-,15,【例7】71.Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.AYoumustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.BTherearethreepracticalnotetakingmethods.CFirst,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.,空后的second明确暗示前面为first。答案：C,-,16,【例8】4.Letitgrow.Itisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopressyournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.74.Thebestfriendshipsaretheonesthatgrownaturally.5.EnjoyyourfriendshipThebestwaytoenjoyyourfriendshipistoallowyourfriendstobethemselves.75Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.Becomethekindoffriendyouwillwantyourfriendtobetoyou.A.Becheerful.B.Dothingstogether.C.Donotwaittobespokento.D.Trynottofindfaultwithyourfriends.E.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.F.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.G.Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.,与答案形成因果关系。答案：G,前后内容形成并列关系。答案：D,-,17,2逻辑关系的衔接过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：A.并列关系：First(ly)，Second(ly)，.；First,then/next，.；Inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace.；foronething,foranotherthing，.；then/next,finally/last等。B.递进关系：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,whatsmore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not.but.,notonly.butalso等。C.解释例证关系：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。,-,18,D.因果关系：so/therefore,thus,consequently(结果),asaresult(of),so/such.that.，sothat.等。E.转折对比关系：but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless(然而),still,yet,onthecontrary,incontrast/comparison等。F.概括归纳关系：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup等。,-,19,二、篇章结构类题解题技巧根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略1如果问题在段首通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。,【例9】(2010新课标全国卷)_73_Whenapersonisaskingaquestion,showinterestandadesiretounderstandthequestionbylisteningandaskingforclarification.AShowyourtrueinterest.BRestatethequestionwithrespect.CSomeideascanbequiteconcrete.,所在空为该段大意。,-,20,2如果问题在段尾(a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。(b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。(c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。,-,21,(d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。(e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，