语法填空-针对学生实际的备考方法探讨PPT课件

-,1,语法填空,针对学生实际的备考方法探讨,-,2,TeachingObjects,Toanalyze:CommonmistakesPossiblereasonsPossiblesolutions,-,3,Heisstudent.Heintheclassroomstudy.Hebybiketogotoschool.Heisreadingunderthesun.Therearemanystudentsstudyintheclassroom.Becausehegotuplate,sohecouldntcatchthebus.Myhometownhappenedgreatchanges.,Grammarornot,母语影响大语法观念淡薄,-,4,“语法填空”要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后完成10项语法填空。内容包括根据句子的语法结构和上下文连贯的要求填入适当的词语；或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。“语法填空”考查考生在上理解并应用语法知识的能力，考试采用填空的形式，而不是选择填空。“语法填空”要求考生必须具备较好的能力，而不只是语法辨析能力。,题型说明,语法填空,语篇层面,语法分析,-,5,考查学生是否能理清句子结构的语法性和句子意义的逻辑性。需分析:句子的构成成分（包括句子的基本成分和扩展成分）；句子成分之间的一致性，比如，主谓一致、时态一致等；句子的篇章制约;句子的意义制约。,考点分析,语境+语法,-,6,句子结构的构成：非谓语动词(扩展成分)句子的篇章制约：代词指称句子的意义制约：语境意义,Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovese1beingkilled(kill)rightbelowtheirwindows.Shewas2theirneighbor.Yet3noneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.,-,7,IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31_(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32_shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme33_aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34_(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35_smalltownsome20kilometresaway36_therewasagarage.Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostessscourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.37_villagersbroughtmegoatscheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked38_(merry)tillfarintothenight.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman39_thetroubleIhadcaused40_.,broke,who,as,settled,a,where,Other,merrily,for,her,句子结构：谓语,wasbroken(34);broken(25);,句子结构：分句层次,Whom（36）,句子结构：扩展成份（意义制约）,with(13);for(9);,句子结构：扩展成份,tosettle(27);settle(20);,意义制约,the(40);,句子结构：分句层次,from(32);because(13);,篇章制约：代词指称,The(45);Some(40;,merried(9);merries(6);,句子结构：扩展成份,what(12);,篇章制约：代词指称,to(37);before(25);,句子结构：词类转换,-,8,ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeoplesdailylife.31_theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop32_(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.ItissaidthatashorttemperedmanintheSongDynasty(9601279)wasveryanxioustohelp33_ricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout34_dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea35_hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytired36_doingthisforawholeday,37_hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”38_(high).Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir39_(nature)course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40_(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.,Behind,tohelp,his,this,that,after,but,higher,natural,results,意义制约：意义关系,In(37);And(24);,扩展成份；意义制约,helps(21);helping(7);,篇章制约,the(61);,篇章制约,it(109);,句子结构：分句层次,which(5);,意义制约：语境意义,of(52);to(13);,意义制约：分句逻辑意义关系,and(2);,语境意义；构词,highly(17);,句子结构：词类转换,nature(4);naturely(3);,句子结构：谓语,resulted(33);result(11);,-,9,上下文的线索，篇章的连贯。没联系上下文；或联系脱节。语境意识不强。,代词(pronoun),07年37题：Othervillagersbroughtmegoatscheeseandhoney.40题：thetroubleIhadcausedher.,08年33题：anxioustohelphisricecropgrowupquickly.34题：Hewasthinkingaboutthisdayandnight.,-,10,均属句子的扩展成份。意义制约固定短语必须能运用自如,介词（preposition),07年33题：receivingmeasaguest39题：Iwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetrouble.,08年31题：Behindtheseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.36题：Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday.,-,11,从句(clause),07年32题：werearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonorof.36题：asmalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.,08年35题：hecameupwithanideathathewouldpluckup.,一般考关联词；找出谓语动词；分清楚句子层次；,理清分句关系；克服干扰，划掉修饰成分,-,12,学会分辨各个非谓语形式所表达的基本意义惯用表达(例只能接动名词作宾语的；只能接不定式作宾语;动词接不同的非谓语形式作宾补的不同意义等）动词的基本用法（例是否及物动词）,非谓语动词（Non-predicateverbs),07年34题：Whileshewasgettingmesettled(settle)into.,08年32题：“pluckingupacroptohelp(help)itgrow”,-,13,时态、语态、主谓一致基本时态：一般现在，过去，将来及进行和完成形式（共9种）和它们各自的被动形式。不规则动词的变化形式。,谓语动词(predicateverbs),07年31题：whenmycarbroke(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.,08年40题：Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoftenresults(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.,-,14,构词(word-formation),07年38题：Wedranktogetherandtalkedmerrily(merry)tillfarintothenight.,08年38题：hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher(high).39题：letthingsgointheirnatural(nature)course.,规则较多;容易混淆，随意变化词汇知识不扎实。熟悉四会单词的意义、拼写和词性。掌握基本的词形转换。,-,15,冠词(article),07年35题：topullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresaway,除特殊用法外，分清泛指和特指是关键。,意义理解,上下文,-,16,并列连词(conjunction),08年37题：Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.,比较容易；关键是理清分句的关系,谓语动词,-,17,盲点：,1.篇章的连贯；上下文的呼应；,只见树木不见森林。,缺乏语篇连贯理解的习惯，语境意识不强。,Possiblesolution:,瞻前顾后；遇到要填介词或代词的题的时候更加要注意从总体上把握全文；从上下文中去找答案。(Remember:Itsapassage!),-,18,基本结构扩展成份从句,2.句子结构和层次,基本成分：主、谓、宾、表等。,理清分句关系；分清主次,去掉修饰成分，使句子结构一目了然。,宾补、状语等；动词词组特定意义的固定搭配固定介词短语,-,19,三不：二要：eg:“pluckingupacroptohelpitgrow”,3.意义理解,不以母