英语介词用法PPT课件

-,1,英语语法知识介词用法（Theuseofpreposition）,-,2,介词(preposition),一介词的分类与语法功能1.介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句）构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词（由一个单词构成）:at、in、on、for、to复杂介词（由两个或两个以上单词构成）：within、inside、onto、throughout复杂介词可以包括两个、三个、甚至四个单词，称为“双词介词”、“三词介词”、和“四词介词”accordingto/outof/becauseof/insteadofbymeansof/inspiteof/atvariancewith/forfearof/onaccountofattheexpenseof/atthemercyof/forthebenefitof/forthesakeof/onthegroundsof/onthescoreof/undertheauspicesof,-,3,双重介词：frombehind/above/under,untilafter,分词介词：considering,including,judgingfrom/by,1.Itisgoingtorainthisafternoonaccordingtotheweatherforecast.,2.Hequarrelledwithheryesterday.,3.Hesucceededinpassingthefinalexamination.,4.ImstillthinkingofhowIcanfulfillthetaskaheadoftime.,5.TheprofessorwillgiveusatalkonhowtostudyEnglishwell.,-,4,总结1：介词后常接名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式组成介词短语。,总结2:介词短语在句子中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补。,Thismachineisingoodcondition.Whereisthekeytomybike?Nothingintheworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater.Shealwaysthinksherselfaboveothers,-,5,二.介词搭配动词介词robsbofsth(clear/inform/cheat/remind/accuse/cure.etc),supplyuswithsth=supplysthto/forsb(provide/fill),makesthof/from/into,介词the+人体部位（strike/catch/hit/,preventsbfromdoing,-,6,persuadesbinto/outofdoingsth(advise/warn/reason),buysthforsb(leave/get/win/gain/lose),tellsthtosb(show/teach/sing/write/read),givesthtosb(allow/promise/pass/hand),saytosb(suggest/explain/apologize/murmur/whisper),同一介词与不同动词（to/for/at同一动词与不同介词的搭配(look/agree/hear/call/stand,-,7,2.形容词介词afraid/angry/anxious/tired/strict/goodpopular/pleased/known/familiar,1.Imafraid_beinglateforschoolbecausemyheadteacherisverystrict_us.2.Einsteinwasknown_histheoryofrelativity_afamousphysicsscientist_theworld.3.Heisangry_whathise-palhassaidforheistired_beinglaughedatbyothers.4.Theboyisfamiliar_thefictionbecauseitisverypopular_teenagerssofar.,-,8,3.名词介词1.Theabsence/lackofwateristhemostseriousproblem.2.Thegirlhasagoodway_studyingEnglish.3.Thekey_successliesindiligenceandwisdom.,重点介词的用法归纳与辨析表示世纪、年、月、季、周用in/during,inthe1990s,inMay,inspring,inthefirstweekofJune,2.在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上、前夕用on,3.在某一时刻、或某一点时间用at.,-,9,till,until,to的用法。1）till/until与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂动词连用用在否定句（在句首、强调句不用till).,2)to表终结常与from连用fromtofromtimetotimefromhandtohandfromdoortodoorfromhousetohouse,fromone+名词toanother表“依次”名词+by+同一名词onebyone,5.in,after,later,in+一段时间.常用一般将来时。after+一段时间.常用一般过去时。after+点时间.用各种时态。,一段时间later过去时,-,10,6.地点介词:at,on,in,to,offacross,throughover,underbelow,aboveto（静态）,towards(动态）,along,7.表示方式、手段、工具的介词by/through(表泛指的方式、手段）by(交通工具类）by/with/in(方式、手段）,1.Theboylikeswriting_apenandespeciallylikeswriting_blueandblackink.2.Hegotfullmark_hisowneffort,heoftencontactswithhisepals_email.,-,11,8.表“除之外”的介词besides,butexcept，exceptfor,exceptthat,注意：1）前面有不定代词、疑问代词时，多用but,Allbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesliterature.,2）后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用butHehasnothingtodobutwait.3)固定短语havenochoicebuttodosth（只得做某事）cannotbutdosthcannothelpbutdosth(不得不）butfor/butthat（要不是）,-,12,9.between/among(三者以上）,1）Maryissitting_TomandwangLi.2）Shewasbusy_cooking,washing,sewingandlookingafterthebaby.3）Shanghaiis_thelargestcitiesintheworld.4）Ahorsecanbeseen_treesnow.,-,13,1.Hedidntcometothemeeting_hisillness.2.Thereason_hisbeingangryisthathelosthiscellphone.3._aheavysnow,thehighwayhasbeenclosedup.4.Theaccidentis_thedriversdrinking.,10表原因的介词：for,becauseof,dueto,owingto,onaccountof,asaresultof,-,14,11.不定式复合结构中的for,of,1）Itisclever_youtoanswersuchadifficultanswer.2）Itismean_hertogivemesolittlepocketmoney.3）Itisquiteimpossible_himtoexplainwhy.4）Itishard_youtolearnaforeignlanguagewithoutperseverance.,12.兼类词（兼作连词和副词）aftersincetill/untilbefore.,-,15,介词词组与某些限定分句的转换关系：介词词组作状语和名词修饰成分，与某些作类似用法的限定从属分句有一定转换关系：1）介词词组在意义上相当于that-分句Didanyoneinformyouofthechangeoftheplans?Didanyoneinformyouthattheplanshadbeenchanged?AreyousureaboutSimonsdisappearance?AreyousurethatSimonhasdisappeared?Theyoungmanconvincedeveryoneofhisinnocence.Theyoungmanconvincedeveryonethathewasinnocent.,-,16,2)介词词组在意义上相当于状语分句：Becauseofhismistakeseveralpeopledied.Becausehemadeamistake,severalpeopledied.Despitethecitysmanyattractions,Johnnystillpreferredhiscottageinthecountry.Althoughthecityhasmanyattractions,Johnnystillpreferredhiscottageinthecountry.Withinmyknowledge,nothingikethishaseverhappenedbefore.AsfarasIknow,nothinglikethishaseverhappednedb