高中英语语法虚拟语气课件.ppt

SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气,非高考考点,1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。(课本P86)2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,条件从句,If从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,did/were,haddone,would/could/should/might+V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodo,would/could/should/might+V.(原),1.IfIhadmoney,Iwouldbuildaschoolforthesepoorchildren.2.IfIwereyou,Iwouldforgivehim.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadethismistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,hewouldhavemadethingsworse.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,5.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldntgoshopping.6.Ithinkwecouldfinishthework,ifweplanneditproperly.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.,与未来事实相反,假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首进行倒装。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldnthavegotoverthedifficulties.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldnthavegotoverthedifficulties.,虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?,.,8,6.without和butfor，otherwise构成含蓄虚拟(butfor要不是),Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.Wellgoearlier,otherwisewemightnotgetaseat.,.,9,错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。,*近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：,IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry_soserious.A.wouldntbeB.willnothavebeenC.wouldnthavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeen,A,.,10,如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学生，四年后就会大学毕业了。Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow,andyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryearstime.,二、虚拟语气特殊句型：,wish+宾语从句,现在：过去：未来：,过去时(did/were),过去完成时(haddone),would/could/might+V.should,IwishIwereabird.(现在)IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.(过去)Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.(未来),2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist(坚持主张、认为,坚持说)两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest（建议；暗示，表明）,propose四个要求：demand,require,request,desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚持决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.,HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.,Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.,Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,Itssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.,3.wouldratherthat-,现在：过去：未来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(现在),Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(过去),Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未来),过去时,过去时,过去完成时,4.asif/though+从句,现在：过去：,过去时,过去完成时,Helooksasifheweredrunk.,Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,5.Ifonly(要是就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！,Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!,IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!(同wish),现在:过去式,过去:had+过去分词,6.Its(about/high)time+that-,should+V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该睡觉了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,Itstimethatwewenttobed.,Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,7.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important+that-从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形,Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.,8.Wouldyoumindif.?if从句中使用过去式，表示请求许可eg.WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?WouldyoumindifIsmokedintheofficenextdoor?10.表示祝愿的句子中的虚拟语气(1)用原形Godblessyou.(2)may+动词原形Mayyouhavealongandhappylife!,9情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以-mighthavedone本来可能-should/oughttohavedone本来应该做-shouldnt/oughtnottohavedone本不该做-neednthavedone本不必做-比较：didntneedtodo没必要做也没有做-wouldhavedone本来会去做-(1.应该),1.你本不应该告诉她真相。You_herthetruth.2.我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了。I_cleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.,3.我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的,Ididnthaveenoughmoney,otherwiseI_thatbook.,shouldnthavetold/oughtnottohavetold,didntneedto,wouldhavebought,Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenHetalkedasifhe_foryears.A.islivingthereB.waslivingthereC.haslivedthereD.hadlivedthere,Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.couldhavebeenD.wouldhavebeen,Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen,_today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave,Hetreatedmeasthough_hisownson.A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere,6,_Ibefreetomorrow,Icouldgowithyou.A.CouldB.ShouldC.MightD.Must,Shoulditrain,thecrops_.A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensavedC.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved,7,8,-HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had,IwishI_therethen.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe,9,10,Shewassoupsetthatsheburstintotears.Idratheryou_herallaboutit.A.didnttellB.hadnttoldC.donttellD.wonttell,11,.,30,1.我希望自己是一只鸟儿.(wish)IwishIwereabird.2.如果我有钱，我会为这些贫困的孩子们建一所学校。IfIhadmoney,Iwouldbuildaschoolforthesepoorchildren.3.我宁愿你现在呆在家里。(wouldrather)Iwouldratheryoustayedhomenow.4.如果你听了医生的话，你现在就全好了。Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.5.现在仿佛是春天了。(asif)Itseemsasifitwerespring.,.,31,Withoutelectricityhumanlife_quitedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbeTheyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset,.,32,Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_atonce_Iraq.A.leave;forB.l