泛读教程4 unit8 The Holocaust

.,theholocaust,by冯选丽02郑舒017周婷019,.,TheNaziholocaustisnationalcleaning(genocide)thataimedatkillallJewsinNaziGermanyinthesecondworldwar.Theholocaustinworldwaristhemostfamousholocaustinwhichmorethan6millionJewswerekilledbyvariousofwaysincludingshot,deliberatelyfreezing,deliberatelystarvetodeathandpoisongas,etc.ThewordHolocaustisfromtheGreekandmeansusingfiresacrifice.,.,TheHolocaustAdolfHitlerTheNaziPartyKristallnachtThereasonoftheHolocaustTheprocessoftheHolocaustThewaysoftheHolocaustNaziConcentrationcampTheinfluenceoftheHolocaust,.,Photocredit:USHMMPhotoArchives,Photocredit:NationalArchives,courtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchives,courtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchives,AdolfHitler,.,AdolfHitler(1889-1945)wasthefounderandleaderoftheNaziPartyandthemostinfluentialvoiceintheorganization,implementationandexecutionoftheHolocaust,thesystematicextermination(根除；灭绝）andethniccleansingofsixmillionEuropeanJewsandmillionsofothernon-aryans.（非雅利安人）In1933,hebecameChancellorofGermanyandthecountrybecameaone-partystate.HitlerwastheHeadofState,SupremeCommanderoftheArmedForcesandguidingspirit,orfuhrer,ofGermanysThirdReichfrom1933to1945,.,RiseoftheNaziParty,courtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchives,HitlersPromisesBetterlifeGermanygreatnationRacialpurity,HitlerYouthParadeHitlerYouthmarchthroughNuremberg,GermanypastNaziofficials.,.,Emblem（徽章）oftheNaziParty,theNaziParty,NaziParty：NationalSocialistGermanWorkersPartypoliticalpartyofthemassmovementknownasNationalSocialism.UndertheleadershipofAdolfHitler,thepartycametopowerinGermanyin1933andgovernedbytotalitarianmethodsuntil1945,.,.,Photocredits:HauptstaatsarchivStuttgart,courtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchives,Kristallnacht,“TheNightOfBrokenGlass”,.,Kristallnacht(1938),OnNovember910，1938,JewishminorHerschelGrnspanassassinatedNaziGermandiplomatErnstvomRathinParis.ThisincidentwasusedbytheNazisasapretexttogobeyondlegalrepressiontolarge-scalephysicalviolenceagainstJewishGermans.JewswereattackedandJewishpropertywasvandalized,over7,000Jewishshopsandmorethan1,200synagogues(roughlytwo-thirdsofthesynagoguesinareasunderGermancontrol)weredamagedordestroyed.Afterthesepogroms,JewishemigrationfromGermanyaccelerated,whilepublicJewishlifeinGermanyceasedtoexist.,.,“YouhavenorighttoliveamongusasJews.”,.,ThereasonoftheHolocaust,ThereasonoftheHolocaustismainlytheracism.Hitlerisanextremeracistandananti-Semitic.HeregardedJewsastherootofallevilandtherootofalldisastersandthedestroyerofhumanlifeorder.TheNaziPartythinktheGermannationisthemostexcellentpeople,sotheymadeanti-Semitismamajorplankofitspoliticalplatform.,.,TheprocessoftheHolocaustTheNazionslaught(攻击)ontheJewscanbedividedintotwomainphases:.FromHitlersaccessiontopowerin1933untilabout1941.InthisphasestheaimistomakeGermanyfreeofJews.From1941totheendofwarin1945.ThisphaseoftheNazionslaughtontheJewswasevenmoreextreme,andincludethenotorious(臭名昭著的)“FinalSolution”.,.,ThewaysoftheHolocaust,ThegenocideoftheJewswasaffectedintwomainways.First,specialmobileunitsfollowedtheadvancingGermanarmiesandshotalltheJewstheycouldfind.Second,Jewswereherdedintocampswheretheywereeitherworkedtodeath,starvedorgassed.,.,.,NaziConcentrationcampBergen-Belsen(贝尔艮-贝尔森集中营)Sachsenhausen(萨克森豪森集中营)Dachau(达豪集中营)Auschwitz(奥斯维辛集中营),.,Auschwitz(奥斯维辛集中营),奥斯威辛集中营是纳粹德国在二战期间修建的最大的集中营，始建于年月，是距波兰首都华沙多公里的奥斯威辛市附近大小多个集中营的总称。德国纳粹在这里监禁过数百万人，并屠杀了其中的多万人，受害者绝大部分是犹太人。年月日，苏联红军解放了奥斯威辛集中营，名幸存者获得了新生。,.,Bergen-Belsen(贝尔艮-贝尔森集中营),贝尔根贝尔森集中营（Bergen-Belsen），又称贝尔森。纳粹德国集中营，在距汉诺威州采勒（当时属普鲁士）西北16千米处的贝尔根和贝尔森两村附近。1943年7月建立，部分为战俘营，部分为犹太人转运营。设计容量为1万人，但在第二次世界大战结束时，关押达41万人。这个集中营虽然没有毒气室，但死于饥饿、疾病、过度劳累以及肮脏的生活环境者达37万人之多。纳粹用推土机将尸体推人万人坑掩埋。,.,AwagonpiledhighwithcorpsesoutsidethecrematoriumintheliberatedBuchenwaldconcentrationcamp(April1945),.,FamilybeingforcedintoGhettos(犹太人区）,.,Peoplebeing“resettled”toConcentrationCamps,.,Prisonersarrivingatthecamps,.,TheinfluenceoftheHolocaustTheNazismurderedaroundsixmillionJews,totallydestroyingthegreatJewishcommunitiesofGermanyandofcentralandeasternEurope.ThecenterofJewishculturemovedfromEuropetoIsraelandtheUSA.Thus,theHolocaustwasapivotal(关键的）elementoftwentieth-centuryJewishhistoryandhaveaprofoundimpactonJewishlifeandthought.,.,EntrancetoAuschwitz“Workwillsetyoufree”,.,.,CrowdedConditions,.,.,Photocredit:GermanNationalArchives,.,Eventheveryyoung,.,Resistance,RighteousAmongtheNationsOskarSchindlerRaoulWallenbergVarianFry,Wallenberg,Schindler,Fry,.,Groupportraitofaresistanceunit,ResistanceFighters,.,LiberatedRussianchildrencheer/Dachau,.,Kindertransport,LocalSurvivor,.,Dr.LarryGladstone,Dr.LarryGladstone,LocalSurvivor,.,LocalSurvivor,OlgaBowman,.,museumfounderandLOCALSURVIVOR,HenryKellen,.,.,HolocaustVictims,6millionJews1.5millionchildrenunder12“OtherUndesirables”5million11MILLIONKIL