泛读教程2 Unit4 work

Unit4,WhyPeopleWork?,.,Warm-upQuestions,1.Whatjobdoyouwanttodoaftergraduation?2.Howdoyoudefine“agoodjob”?Whatarethethingsyouwillconsiderinchoosingacareer?3.Whydoweneedtowork?,.,IsMONEYtheNUMBERONEreasonforworking!?,Whatsyouropinion?,.,文库专用,4,TheauthorsopiniononworkGooverthefirstfiveparagraphsofthetextandfindthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.,.,文库专用,5,Jobsandworkdomuchmorethanmostofusrealizetoprovidehappinessandcontentment.B.Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings;itisthefocusoftheirlives,thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity.,.,文库专用,6,C.Ratherthanapunishmentoraburden,workistheopportunitytorealizeonespotential.D.Forlargenumbersofpeople,theabsenceofworkisharmfultotheirhealth.E.Whyshouldworkbesuchasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction?,.,Jobsandworkdomuchmorethanmostofusrealizetoprovidehappinessandcontentment.Andworkismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings;itisthefocusoftheirlives,thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity。,.,Nowletsseehowsomeepalsviewthisissue,Nomoney，nohoney!Butifyouonlyworkformoney,itwouldbequiteboring.FormeworkissomethingImustdotogetacceptedbythesociety.Iamalwaysawardedbyaccomplishmentwhichreallyworththeeffort.Ithinkthemostimportantthingisthatdoyouliveforworkorworkforlife.,.,Ithinkeveryoneshouldworkforhimselforforanyoneheloves.Thehumanmustgivesthebestthathehastohelphisfamilyorhisfriendandmakehimhappy.,.,Yeah,liveinthissocietyisverytiredandhard.Sometimes,Idontwanttoworkandfindasecludedplacestoliveuntildie.Butthatsunrealistic,wehaveparentsandtheyneedustolookafterintheiroldage.Solifemustcontinueandworkneedcontinuetoo.,.,Ithinkonepurposeforpeopletomakemoney,anotherpurposeistojointhesocietytocommunicatewithpeople.Sometimesmoneydecidesthekindofjob.Ifweworknotformoneywecandomanythingswewanttodo.Butformoneywehavetodothejobwedontlike.SooneofmydreamistodowhatIwanttodosomeday.,.,.,Surelyworkgivesusotherthingsaswellasmoney,letususeourspecialabilities,skillsandknowledgeandmakesusfeelthatweredoingsomethinguseful,allowsustomeetalotofpeopleandprovidesopportunitiestomakefriends,.,letsusexperiencenewthingsandletsusbecreative,allowsustoberesponsibleandcontributetothecommunity,.,Idonotlikework-nomandoes-butIlikewhatisinthework-thechancetofindyourself.(ConradJoseph,Britishnovelist)我不喜欢工作没有人会喜欢工作。但是我喜欢在所从事的工作中找到发现自己的机会。(英国小说家约瑟夫.C.),Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.(WinstonChurchill,Britishprimeminister)不能爱哪行才干哪行，要干哪行爱哪行。(英国首相丘吉尔.W.),.,ToyouthIhavethreewordsofcounsel-work,workandwork.(OttoBtismarck,Gremanstatesman)对于青年，我的忠告只有三个词工作，工作，工作。(德国政治家俾斯麦.O.),Myphilosophyoflifeiswork.我的人生哲学就是工作。(美国发明家爱迪生.T.A.),.,Myphilosophyoflifeiswork.ThomasAlvaEdison,American,我的人生哲学就是工作。美国发明家TA爱迪生,Hethatwillnotworkshallnoteat.,不工作者不得食。,ProverbsandQuotations,.,FiveneedsbyAbrahamMaslow,.,AbrahamMaslow,AbrahamMaslow,anAmerican_,believedthathuman_canbeunderstoodasaresultofahierarchyofneeds:themostbasicphysiologicalneeds,safetyneeds,_needs,esteemneedsandself-actualizationneeds.Whenthelower-levelneedsaremet,themotivationtomeetthe_needsbecomesactive.Furthermore,asan_progressupward,itbecomesmoredifficulttosuccessfully_theneedsofeachhigherlevel.ForthisreasonMaslowbelievedthatveryfewpeopleactuallyreachthelevelofself-actualization,anditisa_processforthefewwhodo.,psychologist,motivation,belonging,higher-level,individual,fulfill,lifelong,.,Unit5isanargumentationtext.Itisastudyoftheimpactofworkonpeoplespsychologicalwell-being.Theauthorarguesthatworkprovidesnotonlythematerialthingsoflifebutalsotheprideandsatisfactionthataresoimportanttopeoplespsychologicalbalanceandhealth.,IntroductoryRemarks,.,SkimmingandScanning,Directions:Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-8,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).(seethetextbookonpage9ComprehensionoftheText)Forquestions9-11,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.,.,9)Thesenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupis_ofwork.10)Theworkgroupalsogentlypressuresitsmemberstolearn_sothatthe“roughedges”areworkedoff.11)Workingforacompanythatisthoughtofasbeingoneofthebestinthecommunitycan_.,.,1.b2.a3.d4.c5.a6.b7.c8.d,.,9)Thesenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupis_ofwork.10)Theworkgroupalsogentlypressuresitsmemberstolearn_sothatthe“roughedges”areworkedoff.11)Workingforacompanythatisthoughtofasbeingoneofthebestinthecommunitycan_.,oneofthedistinctivesatisfactionsoftheworld,howtoadjusttoanother,provideemployeeswithbothstatusandself-confidence,.,1.contentmentn.满足，高兴,discontentmentn.不满，不平contenta.满足的，满意的v.使满意e.g.becontenttodosth.:愿意做某事becontentwith:对满足contentsb.:使某人满意,I.WordStudyandWordBuilding,.,associatev.联想；把。和。联系起来associatewith与。联系beassociateedwith,.,historicala.历史的，基于史实的historicaldata史料historicaldevelopment历史发展historica.有历史意义的，历史上著名的historicsite古迹；历史遗迹；历史地段historiccity历史名城historiann.历史学家,.,sinn.罪恶v.犯罪sincrimeguiltsin指违反道德原则或宗教戒律的罪crime指严重的违反行为或不法活动guilt指有证据证实犯罪，有罪,.,plaintn.抱怨,e.g.Tplain(tosb.)about/plain+that-clause,.,4.contributionn.贡献，捐献；捐献物,contributeto:有助于，促成e.g.Theclosecoordinationbetweenthetwopartners_(对公司的成功有很大的帮助）.,contributesgreatlytothesuccessofthecompany,.,5.necessityn.必需品；必要性,e.g.Thenecessitiesoflifeincludefood,shelterandclothing.Thereisthenecessitythatwe(should)setoffbefore5oclock.(表语从句和同位语从句)necessarya.necessarilyadv.必然地，一定necissitatevt.使被需要,.,focusn.焦点v.聚焦focuson集中infocus焦点对准，清晰outoffocus焦点没对准，模糊ofocus把焦点对准comeintofocus进入焦点，显著,.,renewrenewablea.renewaln.,.,exertv.尽力exertallonesstrengthexerteveryeffortexertpressureonsb.对某人施加压力,.,8.unemploymentn.失业,e.g.Closureofthefactorywillmeanunemploymentfor1200workers.employv.employern.employeen.employmentn.就业，工作，职业,.,significanta.重要的sinificancen.重要性beofgreatsignificancebeofnosignificance无关紧要,.,10.accomplisheda.有才艺的；有造诣的,accomplishv.完成，达到，实现accomplishmentn.e.g.Itishighpraisetobespokenofasapersonofaccomplishments.,.,attributev.把。归因于attributablea.可归因于beattributabletoHissuccessisattributabletohisdiligence.他的成功归功于勤奋。,.,capacityn.能力；容量capacity,skill,talent,capabilitycapacity指容纳和吸收方面的接受力skill指人做事的本领或具有的技能等talent指先天所赋的才智或后天所得的办事能力capability指在智力或体力方面的才能或本领。,.,persistv.坚持persistencen.persistenta.persistininsiston,.,aspecttoconsiderinallitsaspects全面地考虑,.,12.reflectvt.反射；反映,e.g.Whiteclothesarecoolerbecausetheyreflecttheheat.Lookatthetreesreflectedinthedark.reflecton:仔细考虑reflectionn.,.,考题1：,Asyouhaveseen,thevalueofanationscurrencyisa_ofitseconomy.a.responseb.revelationc.reactiond.reflectionAnswer:d.由此可见，一个国家货币的价值反映了这个国家的经济。responsen.回答，响应，反应；revelationn.显示，揭露；reactionn.反应，反作用,.,考题2：,Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally_oftherealitythattheyrepresent.a.reflectionsb.demonstrationsc.illuminationsd.reproductionsAnswer:a.很多试图反映现实的小说是它们所代表的现实的写照。demonstrationn.示范，实证；illuminationn.照明,照亮,阐明；启发；reproductionn.繁殖；再生产；再现,.,13.psychologicala.心理的,psych(o)-:ofthemind精神的；心理的Psychologyn.Psychologistn.,.,14.interactvi.相互作用,inter-:between,fromonetoanother在之间；从一个到另一个,.,II.Languagepointsandtextanalysis,.,Doyouviewworkasaburdenoranopportunity?Areyouthekindofpersonwholooksforwaystosaveyourenergyorthekindthatfindsspendingyourenergysatisfying?Whydopeopleliketocomplainaboutwork?Findtheanswersinthefollowingessay.,.,WhyPeopleWorkLeonardR.Sayles,Jobsandworkdomuchmorethanmostofusrealizetoprovidehappinessandcontentment.Wereallusedtothinkingthatworkprovidesthematerialthingsoflifethegoodsandservicesthatmakepossibleourmoderncivilization.Butwearemuchlessconsciousoftheextenttowhichworkprovidesthemoreintangible,butmorecrucial,psychologicalwell-beingthatcanmakethedifferencebetweenafullandanemptylife.,.,Historically,workhasbeenassociatedwithslaveryandsinandpunishment.Andinourowndayweareusedtohearingthetraditionalcomplaints:“Icantwaitformyvacation,”“IwishIcouldstayhometoday,”“Mybosstreatsmepoorly,”“Ivegottoomuchworktodoandnotenoughtimetodoit.”Againstthisbackground,itmaywellcomeasasurprisetolearnthatnotonlypsychologistsbutotherbehavioralscientistshavecometoacceptthepositivecontributionofworktotheindividualshappinessandsenseofpersonalachievement.Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings;itisthefocusoftheirlives,thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity.,.,Historically,workhasbeenassociatedwithslaveryandsinandpunishment.Andinourowndayweareusedtohearingthetraditionalcomplaints:“Icantwaitformyvacation,”“IwishIcouldstayhometoday,”“Mybosstreatsmepoorly,”“Ivegottoomuchworktodoandnotenoughtimetodoit.”Againstthisbackground,itmaywellcomeasasurprisetolearnthatnotonlypsychologistsbutotherbehavioralscientistshavecometoacceptthepositivecontributionofworktotheindividualshappinessandsenseofpersonalachievement.Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings;itisthefocusoftheirlives,thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity.,Article_S_1,1.Whatdoes“maywell”mean?,Itmeans“beprobableto”or“haveenoughreasonsto”.,2.Howdoyouunderstandthissentence?,Becauseofallthis,itismostprobablethatyouwillfeelsurprisedtoknow,.,Historically,workhasbeenassociatedwithslaveryandsinandpunishment.Andinourowndayweareusedtohearingthetraditionalcomplaints:“Icantwaitformyvacation,”“IwishIcouldstayhometoday,”“Mybosstreatsmepoorly,”“Ivegottoomuchworktodoandnotenoughtimetodoit.”Againstthisbackground,itmaywellcomeasasurprisetolearnthatnotonlypsychologistsbutotherbehavioralscientistshavecometoacceptthepositivecontributionofworktotheindividualshappinessandsenseofpersonalachievement.Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings;itisthefocusoftheirlives,thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity.,Article_S_2,1.Whatdoesthesentencemean?,Formostpeopleworkismoreimportantthanjustameansofearningmoney;itisthecenterofinterestoftheirlives.Inworktheyrealizetheirownworthandseewhatgreatthingstheycancreate.,2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,对大多数人来说，工作不仅仅是一种必需，它还是人们生活的焦点，是他们的个性和创造性的源泉。,.,Andthereverseistrue,too.Forlargenumbersofpeople,theabsenceofworkisharmfultotheirhealth.Retirementoftenbringsmanyproblemssurroundingthe“WhatdoIdowithmyself?”question,eventhoughtheremaybenofinancialcares.Largenumbersofpeopleregularlygetheadachesandotherillnessesonweekendswhentheydonthavetheirjobstogoto,andmustfendforthemselves.Ithasbeenobservedthatunemployment,quiteasidefromexertingfinancialpressures,bringsenormouspsychologicaltroublesandthatmanyindividualsdeterioraterapidlywhenjobless.,Butwhy?Whyshouldworkbesuchasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction?Agoodshareoftheanswerrestsinthekindofpridethatisstimulatedbythejob,bytheactivityofaccomplishing.,.,Butwhy?Whyshouldworkbesuchasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction?Agoodshareoftheanswerrestsinthekindofpridethatisstimulatedbythejob,bytheactivityofaccomplishing.,Andthereverseistrue,too.Forlargenumbersofpeople,theabsenceofworkisharmfultotheirhealth.Retirementoftenbringsmanyproblemssurroundingthe“WhatdoIdowithmyself?”question,eventhoughtheremaybenofinancialcares.Largenumbersofpeopleregularlygetheadachesandotherillnessesonweekendswhentheydonthavetheirjobstogoto,andmustfendforthemselves.Ithasbeenobservedthatunemployment,quiteasidefromexertingfinancialpressures,bringsenormouspsychologicaltroublesandthatmanyindividualsdeterioraterapidlywhenjobless.,Article_S_4,1.Howdoyouunderstandthispart?,quiteapartfromcausingfinancialdifficulties,2.Whatisthefunctionoftheword“quite”?,Theadverb“quite”isusedtoemphasizethepointthatthereareotherseriousproblemsapartfromtheobviousoneoflossofincome.,.,PrideinAccomplishmentThehumanbeinglongsforasenseofbeingaccomplished,ofbeingabletodothings,withhishand,withhismind,withhiswill.Eachofuswantstofeelheorshehastheabilitytodosomethingthatismeaningfulandthatservesasatributetoourinherentabilities.Itiseasiesttoseethisinthecraftsmanwholovinglyshapessomecheapmaterialintoanobjectthatmaybeeitherusefulorbeautifulorboth.Youcanseethecarpenterorbricklayerstandasideandadmiretheproductofhispersonalskill.,.,Butevenwherethereisnoobviousendproductthatissolelyattributabletoonepersonsskill,researchershavefoundthatemployeesfindprideinaccomplishment.Ourownresearchinhospitalssuggeststhateventhehousekeepingandlaundrystaffstakeprideinthefactthatintheirownwaystheyarehelpingtocuresickpeopleandthusaccomplishingagooddeal.Wereoftenmisledbythecomplaintssurroundingdifficultwork;deepdownmostpeopleregardtheirowncapacitytoconquerthetoughjobasthemarkoftheirownuniquepersonality.Complainingisjustpartofworking.Afterall,howelsedoyouknowwhoyouare,exceptasyoucandemonstratetheabilityofyourmindtocontrolyourlimbsandhandsandwords?Youare,insignificantmeasure,whatyoucando.Somearedeceivedintothinkingthatpeopleliketostoreupenergy,torestandsavethemselvesasmuchaspossible.Justtheopposite.Itisenergyexpenditurethatissatisfying.,.,Butevenwherethereisnoobviousendproductthatissolelyattributabletoonepersonsskill,researchershavefoundthatemployeesfindprideinaccomplishment.Ourownresearchinhospitalssuggeststhateventhehousekeepingandlaundrystaffstakeprideinthefactthatintheirownwaystheyarehelpingtocuresickpeopleandthusaccomplishingagooddeal.Wereoftenmisledbythecomplaintssurroundingdifficultwork;deepdownmostpeopleregardtheirowncapacitytoconquerthetoughjobasthemarkoftheirownuniquepersonality.Complainingisjustpartofworking.Afterall,howelsedoyouknowwhoyouare,exceptasyoucandemonstratetheabilityofyourmindtocontrolyourlimbsandhandsandwords?Youare,insignificantmeasure,whatyoucando.Somearedeceivedintothinkingthatpeopleliketostoreupenergy,torestandsavethemselvesasmuchaspossible.Justtheopposite.Itisenergyexpenditurethatissatisfying.,Article_S_5,1.Whatdoes“deepdown”referto?,Itrefersto“atheart”.,2.Howtointerpretthispart?,atheartmostpeoplethinktheyowetheirabilitytododifficultworktotheirdistinctivepersonalcharacteristics.,.,Butevenwherethereisnoobviousendproductthatissolelyattributabletoonepersonsskill,researchershavefoundthatemployeesfindprideinaccomplishment.Ourownresearchinhospitalssuggeststhateventhehousekeepingandlaundrystaffstakeprideinthefactthatintheirownwaystheyarehelpingtocuresickpeopleandthusaccomplishingagooddeal.Wereoftenmisledbythecomplaintssurroundingdifficultwork;deepdownmostpeopleregardtheirowncapacitytoconquerthetoughjobasthemarkoftheirownuniquepersonality.Complainingisjustpartofworking.Afterall,howelsedoyouknowwhoyouare,exceptasyoucandemonstratetheabilityofyourmindtocontrolyourlimbsandhandsandwords?Youare,insignificantmeasure,whatyoucando.Somearedeceivedintothinkingthatpeopleliketostoreupenergy,torestandsavethemselvesasmuchaspossible.Justtheopposite.Itisenergyexpenditurethatissatisfying.,Article_S_6,1.Whatdoes“insignificantmeasure”mean?,Itmeans“toalargeextent”.,2.Paraphrasethissentence.,Toalargeextent,yourvalueorworthliesinwhatyoucando.,.,Justwatchanemployeewhomustdealwithcountlessotherpeoplebecausehisorherjobisatsomecentralpointinacommunicationsnetwork:asalesmanatabusycounter,astockbrokeronthephone,acustomerrepresentative.Theywilltellyouhowmuchskillandexperienceittakestoanswercountlessquestionsandhandlevariouskindsofpersonalitieseveryhouroftheday.Noteveryonecaninteractwithsuchpersistenceandoverlonghours,butthosewhodo,pridethemselvesonadistinctiveabilitythatcontributesmightilytotherunningoftheorganization.Butworkismorethanaccomplishmentandprideinbeingabletocommandthejob,becauseexceptforafewcraftsmenandartistsmostworktakesplace“outintheworld,”withandthroughotherpeople.,.,Justwatchanemployeewhomustdealwithcountlessotherpeoplebecausehisorherjobisatsomecentralpointinacommunicationsnetwork:asalesmanatabusycounter,astockbrokeronthephone,acustomerrepresentative.Theywilltellyouhowmuchskillandexperienceittakestoanswercountlessquestionsandhandlevariouskindsofpersonalitieseveryhouroftheday.Noteveryonecaninteractwithsuchpersistenceandoverlonghours,butthosewhodo,pridethemselvesonadistinctiveabilitythatcontributesmightilytotherunningoftheorganization.Butworkismorethanaccomplishmentandprideinbeingabletocommandthejob,becauseexceptforafewcraftsmenandartistsmostworktakesplace“outintheworld,”withandthroughotherpeople.,Article_S_7,1.Howdoyouunderstandthissentence?,Notallpeopleareabletokeepdealingwithothersinsuchanactivewayandforsuchlongperiods,butthosewhoareabletodosowillcongratulatethemselvesonthisspecialabilitybecauseithasanimportantroletoplayinassuringthesmoothoperationofanorganization.,2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,不是每个人都能以这样的韧性长时间地与人周旋的。但是能够这样做的人，都为自己具有出众才能，能对所在单位的运转作出巨大贡献而感到自豪。,.,EspritdecorpsPerhapsanexamplewillmakethepoint:Irememberviewingahalfdozenmeninachairfactorywhosejobitwastobendseveralpiecesofsteelandattachthemsothatafoldingchairwouldresult.Whilethereweretenortwelveofthese“teams”thatworkedtogether,oneinparticularwasknownforitsperfectcoordinationandlightning-likeefforts.Themenknewtheyweregood.Theywouldworkinspurtsfortwentyorthirtyminutesbeforetakingabreaktoshowthemselves,bystandersandothergroupswhatitwastobesuperblyskilledandself-controlled,tobethebestinthefactory.,WhenItalkedwiththem,eachexpressedenormousprideinbeingapartofthefastest,bestteam.Andthissenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupisoneofthedistinctivesatisfactionsoftheworldofwork.,.,WhenItalkedwiththem,eachexpressedenormousprideinbeingapartofthefastest,bestteam.Andthissenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupisoneofthedistinctivesatisfactionsoftheworldofwork.,EspritdecorpsPerhapsanexamplewillmakethepoint:Irememberviewingahalfdozenmeninachairfactorywhosejobitwastobendseveralpiecesofsteelandattachthemsothatafoldingchairwouldresult.Whilethereweretenortwelveofthese“teams”thatworkedtogether,oneinparticularwasknownforitsperfectcoordinationandlightning-likeefforts.Themenknewtheyweregood.Theywouldworkinspurtsfortwentyorthirtyminutesbeforetakingabreaktoshowthemselves,bystandersandothergroupswhatitwastobesuperblyskilledandself-controlled,tobethebestinthefactory.,Article_S_8,1.Pleaseexplainthepart“whosejobitwasto”.,Itisanidiomaticexpression.Forexample,“Ateachersjobistoteach.Thusateacherisapersonwhosejobistoteach.”;“Itisateachersjobtoteach.Thusateacherisapersonwhosejobitistoteach.”,2.Whatwastheworkersjob?,Theirjobwastomakeafoldingchairoutofafewpiecesofsteel.,.,Onefurtherwordaboutworkgro