北邮网络教育大学英语2阶段一

一、完形填空（共1道小题，共50.0分） 1. (错误) Modern zoos are very different from zoos that were built 50 years _1_. At that time, zoos were places _2_ people could go to see animals from many parts of the world. The animals lived in cages that were made _3_ concrete with iron bars, cages that were easy to keep clean. _4_ for the animals, the cages were small and impossible to hide in. The zoo environment was _5_ natural. _6_ the zoo keepers took good care of the animals and fed them well, many of the animals did not thrive; they behaved in strange ways, and they often became ill. In modern zoos, people can see animals in more natural habitats. The animals are given more _7_ in large areas so that they can live more _8_as they would in nature. Even the appearance of zoos has changed. Trees and grass grow in the cages, and streams of water flow_9_ the areas _10_ animals live in.a.A. laterB. agoC. beforeD. after学生答案:B;标准答案:B;b.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where学生答案:D;标准答案:D;c.A. up ofB. intoC. ofD. for学生答案:C;标准答案:C;d.A. UnfortunatelyB. SuccessfullyC. LuckilyD. Unusually学生答案:A;标准答案:A;e.A. onlyB. anything onlyC. butD. anything but学生答案:C;标准答案:D;f.A. DespiteB. SinceC. Now thatD. Although学生答案:D;标准答案:D;g.A. freedomB. foodC. drinkD. dependence学生答案:A;标准答案:A;h.A. silentlyB. comfortablyC. difficultlyD. independently学生答案:B;标准答案:B;i.A. overB. throughC. forD. below学生答案:B;标准答案:B;j.A. thatB. whereC. whenD. these学生答案:A;标准答案:A;2.3. 试题分值：50.04. 得分：5, 5, 5, 5, 0, 5, 5, 5, 5, 55. 提示：1B.考查副词辨析。首先要理解本句大意，该句意思是“现代动物园和50年前建造的动物园有很大的不同”。表达“之前”这个含义只能从ago和before中来选择。before表示从过去或将来某一时间算起多少时间以前，由于与这一时间状语连用的行为先发生在过去或将来某一时刻之前，因此往往出现在过去完成时态或将来完成时态中。ago指的是从现在起到过去时间的某一点的一段时间。这个时间状语常与一般过去时态或过去进行时态连用。这里选择ago。2D.考查定语从句的引导词。“places”后面的句子明显是一个定语从句。这个定语从句修饰前面的先行词“places”。由于“places”在定语从句中充当的成分是地点状语，所以选择where。3C.考查固定词组。“be made of”的意思是“由制成”。本句大意思是“动物就生活在用混凝土和铁条做成的笼子里。这些笼子很容易保持清洁”。“be made up of”意思是“由组成”；“be made into”意思是“被做成”；“be made for”意思是“为制造”。4A.考查上下文理解。根据本句后面部分的意思“这些笼子太小，动物无法躲藏”可知应该选择“unfortunately”（不幸地）。5D.考查上下文理解。根据前面的那句话，可以推知本句话的意思是“这种动物园的环境一点也不自然”。选项D（anything but）的意思是“一点也不”。6D.考查句意理解。本句大意是“虽然动物园的管理员很好的照顾和喂养动物，但是很多动物还是不能很好的生长。他们会有古怪的行为，而且常常生病”。这里要辨析despite和although用法的区别。这两个词都能表达“尽管”，但是despite是个介词，后面只能跟名词(短语)或doing。although是个连词，后面可以直接跟句子。7A.考查句意理解。本句意思是“在现代动物园里，动物们在更大的场地里享受着更多的自由，所以它们可以活得更舒适，就好像活在自然界那样”。所以，这里选择“freedom”表达“自由”。8B.考查句意理解。根据上题的解释，我们选择“comfortably”表达“舒适地”。9B.考查固定用法。“flow through”的意思是“流经”。10A.考查定语从句。“areas”后面是一个定语从句，这个定语从句修饰“areas”。由于“areas”在该定语从句中充当介词“in”的宾语，所以只能选择that来作定语从句的引导词了。如果将句中的“in”去掉，则本题应该选择where。6.二、单项选择题（共10道小题，共50.0分） 1. The present should never _ customs which have lost their usefulness.A. chain toB. tie atC. be tied atD. be chained to知识点:第一部分学生答案:D;标准答案:D;得分:5试题分值:5.0提示:该题选D，题目大意是“绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚住“现在”的手脚。”be chained to：被链子束缚In former times, prisoners were chained to one another.在古代，囚犯们被相互拴着。2. (错误)Jefferson _to accept other peoples opinions without careful thought.A. refusedB. declinedC. rejectedD. refuted知识点:第一部分学生答案:C;标准答案:A;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选A，题目大意是“未经过认真的思考，杰斐逊绝不接受别人的意见。”refuse：及物动词 vt. 1. 拒绝；拒受；拒给；不准He refused my offer of help. 他拒绝了我的帮助。 2. 拒不；不肯，不愿The engine refused to start.引擎怎么也发动不起来。 Martin refused to discuss the matter. 马丁拒绝讨论此事。3. (错误)Jefferson may be _famous _George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence.A. lessthanB. lesstoC. morethanD. asas知识点:第一部分学生答案:C;标准答案:A;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选A，题目大意是“托马斯.杰斐逊也许不像乔治.华盛顿和亚伯拉罕.林肯那样著名，但大多数人至少记得有关他的一件事实：独立宣言是他起草的。”4. Many species of animals which once lived on the earth are no longer _.A. in practiceB. in existenceC. in commonD. in turn知识点:第二部分学生答案:B;标准答案:B;得分:5试题分值:5.0提示:该题选B，题目大意是“曾经生活在地球上的许多动物物种不再存在”in existence：存在的；现有的This is the most magnificent bridge in existence. 这是现有的最雄伟的大桥。5. She _ that if he didnt give her enough money, she would make it public.A. threatenedB. torturedC. fearedD. scared知识点:第二部分学生答案:A;标准答案:A;得分:5试题分值:5.0提示:该题选A，题目大意是“她威胁说如果他不给她足够的钱，她就会把这事公诸于众。”threaten：动词1恐吓，胁迫They threatened the shopkeeper with a knife. 他们用刀胁迫店主。The strikers were threatened with dismissal. 罢工的人受到解雇的威胁。They threatened to kill me unless I did as they asked. 他们威胁我听从他们的吩咐，否则就杀掉我。2 有之虞，有恶兆The black clouds threatened rain. 黑云预示着要下雨了。3(危险、灾害等)逼迫，威胁Noisy traffic threatens the peace of the village. 嘈杂交通使村庄的安宁受到威胁。Look at those clouds! Theres a storm threatening. 看那些云！暴风雨就要来了。6. The tone of his voice，which was so _，silenced everyone.A. surroundingB. greetingC. commandingD. earning知识点:第一部分学生答案:C;标准答案:C;得分:5试题分值:5.0提示:该题选C，题目大意是“他的语气非常威严，竟使所有的人安静了下来。”7. (错误)He knows that the commotion would frighten the cobra _. A. into strikingB. at strikingC. to strikeD. into strike知识点:第一部分学生答案:D;标准答案:A;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选A ，题目大意是“他知道这样会引起骚乱，致使眼镜索受惊咬人。” frighten sb into doing吓得某人做某事，恐吓(某人)做They frightened him into giving them money.He frightened the child into giving his toy to him.8. (错误)The guests sit in their _ dining room. A. spacecraftB. wideC. spaciousD. broad知识点:第一部分学生答案:B;标准答案:C;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选C，题目大意是 “客人们在他们的餐厅就坐。” spacious：形容词 a. 宽敞的We entered a spacious dining-room. 我们来到一个宽敞的餐厅。9. (错误)The young couple _ with their guests. A. seatB. seatedC. are seatedD. are sitting down知识点:第一部分学生答案:D;标准答案:C;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选C，题目大意是“这对年轻夫妇跟他们的客人一起就座。”seat ：及物动词1. 使就座 He seated himself in a chair. 他在椅子上坐下。 2. 有.座位，容纳.人 The auditorium seats 3,000 people. 这个礼堂可坐三千人。 3. be seated 坐下，坐着；位于. Wed like to be seated together.我想和你坐在一起。 He then asked me to be seated. 然后他让我坐下。注：这里的seated是形容词，类似于be careful：小心，这里的careful也是形容词。这是由be+形容词的结构，变成动词了。 Please be seated.： 就座，请座10. The meeting is _ next Friday.A. to be heldB. be heldC. to be holdD. to hold知识点:第二部分学生答案:A;标准答案:A;得分:5试题分值:5.0提示:该题选A，题目大意是“会议将于下星期五召开。”“ be + 不定式”表示对将来的打算、计划1. An investigation is to be made next week.下周将展开一项调查。2. I am to meet them at the airport.我将到飞机场去接他们。3. Bob and Susan are to get married in October.鲍勃和苏珊打算在十月结婚。一、完形填空（共1道小题，共50.0分） 1. (错误) The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earths surface_1_ covered with water. But about 97% of this huge _2_ is seawater, _3_ salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% of the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other _4_. And we cant even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted. However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water, _5_ is constantly being replaced by rainfall, is still enough for us. But our need_6_ water is increasing rapidlyalmost day by day. We all have to learn how to stop wasting our_7_water. One of the first steps we should_8_ is to develop ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done in this_9_ , but only on a small scale. The systems that have been worked out resemble_10_ used in spacecraft.a.A. areB. wasC. isD. were学生答案:B;标准答案:C;b.A. amountB. numberC. volumeD. size学生答案:A;标准答案:A;c.A. orB. butC. andD. also学生答案:D;标准答案:A;d.A. originsB. originalsC. sourcesD. resources学生答案:A;标准答案:C;e.A. thatB. thisC. itD. which学生答案:B;标准答案:D;f.A. ofB. aboutC. forD. with学生答案:A;标准答案:C;g.A. preciousB. previousC. preciseD. prior学生答案:A;标准答案:A;h.A. makeB. takeC. grantD. offer学生答案:C;标准答案:B;i.A. caseB. fieldC. wayD. region学生答案:C;标准答案:B;j.A. whatB. onesC. theseD. those学生答案:C;标准答案:D;2.3. 试题分值：50.04. 得分：0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 05. 提示：1C.考查主谓一致。首先我们根据文章可以看出时态应该是一般现在时，所以B和D全部排除。解决此题还要用到一个知识点：当主语是分数或百分数时,谓语动词的单复数由of 后面的名词决定。再看这句话的主语是“75% of the earths surface”（地球表面的75%），这个主语中的“surface”是不可数名词，所以后面的谓语用单数形式“is”。2A.考查名词辨析。本句大意是“这么多水量中有97%都是海水，或称作咸水”。解题关键是“水量”用哪个词来表达。因为“水的数量”是不可数的，所以选择一个不可数名词才可以，即amount。number意思是“数目”，但是它表示的“数目”是可数的。volume的意思是“体积，容量”，意思不适合这里。size的意思是“尺寸”，意思也不适合。3A.考查连词辨析。根据本句的意思（上题已经提到），我们选择or，其意思是“或者说”，用来引导同义词作补充说明。4C.考查名词辨析。source的意思是“来源”，resource的意思是“资源”，origin的意思是“起源”。original一般作形容词用，意思是“起初的，原始的”，作名词用时意思是“原件，原稿”。本句表示“别的水源”，当然应选择source来表达。5D.考查定语从句。“fresh water”后面的那个句子是一个定语从句。又因为这个定语从句是非限定性的（判断的标志是fresh water后面的那个逗号），所以只能选择which来做定语从句的引导词。6C.考查固定搭配。“need for”的意思是“对的需求”。本句大意是“我们对水的需求在不断增加几乎与日俱增”。7A.考查形容词辨析。precious的意思是“珍贵的”，previous意思是“之前的”，precise的意思是“精确的”，prior的意思是“更重要的，较早的”。本题表示水很珍贵，自然应该选择A。8B.考查固定词组。“take steps”的意思是“采取步骤,采取措施”。本句大意是“我们首先要采取的措施就是要找到再利用水源的方法”。9B.考查名词辨析。field这里的意思是“方面，领域”。本句大意是“在这个方面已经做了很多试验，只不过试验的范围都比较小”。case的意思是“案例，个案，情况”，way的意思是“道路，方法”，region的意思是“地区”。10D.考查代词用法。本句大意是“目前人们采取的系统和太空飞船上采取的系统相似”。后面选择的代词要能够代替前面的那个“the systems”。ones和those都可以有这种替代的用法，区别如下：ones代表前面无定冠词的可数名词复数（前面总带有形容词作定语，不能单独使用），those代表前面有定冠词的可数名词复数。举两个例子：New pens always write better than old ones. （ones= pens）新钢笔总是比旧钢笔写字好。He told me the stories of himself and those of his sister （those= the stories）他告诉我他自己的故事还有他妹妹的故事。本题中用those代替“the systems”。6.二、单项选择题（共10道小题，共50.0分） 1. (错误)He was _ a good and tireless writer.A. firstB. for allC. above allD. of all知识点:第一部分学生答案:D;标准答案:C;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选C，题目大意是“他首先是一位优秀的、不知疲倦的作家。”above all：首先；尤其是；最重要的是He is strong, brave and, above all, honest. 他强壮，勇敢，最重要的是他诚实。2. (错误)Jeffersons courage and idealism _ knowledge.A. were originated fromB. founded onC. were based onD. based on知识点:第一部分学生答案:标准答案:C;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选C，题目大意是“杰斐逊的勇气和理想主义是以知识为基础的。”be based on “以为根据”； “根据”；“基于”用法是A be based on B What he said is based on fact. 他所说的话是以事实为根据的。 The story is based on real life. 那故事是根据现实生活而写的。 Some modern languages are based on Latin. 在些现代语言是以拉丁文为基础的。3. (错误)Where did you _ your knowledge of Chinese history?A. obtainB. receiveC. appointD. leave知识点:第二部分学生答案:C;标准答案:A;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选A，题目大意是“你在哪里获得你的中国历史知识的？” obtain：及物动词 vt.得到，获得I havent been able to obtain that record anywhere, can you obtain it for me?我到处都弄不到那张唱片，你能替我弄到吗？4. (错误)He did not fear new ideas,_ fear the future.A. nor he didB. or did heC. nor he couldD. nor did he知识点:第二部分学生答案:C;标准答案:D;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选D，题目大意是“他不害怕新的思想，也不害怕未来。”nor连接词 conj.1. (用在not, no, never之后)也不The story is not interesting nor instructive. 这个故事没有味道，也没有教育意义。 I have never spoken nor written to her. 我跟她从来没说过话，也没写过信。 2. (用在句首，句子须倒装)也不(1) . You do not like him, nor do I. 你不喜欢他，我也不喜欢。 (2). The enemy couldnt make any advance, nor could they retreat. 敌人既不能前进，也不能后退。5. (错误)She _ that if he didnt give her enough money, she would make it public.A. threatenedB. torturedC. fearedD. scared知识点:第二部分学生答案:D;标准答案:A;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选A，题目大意是“她威胁说如果他不给她足够的钱，她就会把这事公诸于众。”threaten：动词1恐吓，胁迫They threatened the shopkeeper with a knife. 他们用刀胁迫店主。The strikers were threatened with dismissal. 罢工的人受到解雇的威胁。They threatened to kill me unless I did as they asked. 他们威胁我听从他们的吩咐，否则就杀掉我。2 有之虞，有恶兆The black clouds threatened rain. 黑云预示着要下雨了。3(危险、灾害等)逼迫，威胁Noisy traffic threatens the peace of the village. 嘈杂交通使村庄的安宁受到威胁。Look at those clouds! Theres a storm threatening. 看那些云！暴风雨就要来了。6. (错误)He knows that the commotion would frighten the cobra _. A. into strikingB. at strikingC. to strikeD. into strike知识点:第一部分学生答案:D;标准答案:A;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选A ，题目大意是“他知道这样会引起骚乱，致使眼镜索受惊咬人。” frighten sb into doing吓得某人做某事，恐吓(某人)做They frightened him into giving them money.He frightened the child into giving his toy to him.7. (错误)While a man may feel like_, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has.A. screamingB. to screamC. screamD. to screaming知识点:第一部分学生答案:D;标准答案:A;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选A，题目大意是“尽管男人可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略胜一筹。”feel like dong：很想要1. I feel like eating an ice-cream.我想吃一个冰淇淋。2. I dont feel like walking very much today. 我今天不太想散步。 3. I dont feel like eating anything now. 我现在什么都不想吃。4. Sometimes when I look into the sky, I feel like making a trip somewhere. 当我看天空时，我很想到某个地方旅行。 5. She really feels like having a talk with him about his study at school. 她的确想和他谈一下他在学校的学习情况。8. (错误)Dick has _ his childish habits.A. outgrownB. outletC. outnumberedD. outdone知识点:第二部分学生答案:C;标准答案:A;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选A，题目大意是“ 迪克已长大，克服了他儿时的习惯。”outgrow：及物动词 vt.长大成熟而不再He has outgrown his credulity. 他已长大成熟而不再轻信。9. (错误)The mans eyes _ with fear when he saw the robbers gun.A. widerB. widenedC. hastenedD. thrilled知识点:第二部分学生答案:C;标准答案:B;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选B，题目大意是“当男人看见强盗用的枪，由于恐惧他的两眼睁得大大的。” widen：（动词）放宽；加宽；扩大1. His interests widened.他的兴趣扩大了。2. The city is widening this street.该城正在拓宽这条街。10. (错误)A strong wind _ after we left the harbor.A. stick upB. stickC. sprangD. sprang up知识点:第二部分学生答案:A;标准答案:D;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选D，题目大意是“我们刚离开港口就开始刮起大风。”spring up：突然开始，迅速生成A great number of new companies sprang up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain.大批新公司如雨后春笋般地出现。一、完形填空（共1道小题，共50.0分） 1. (错误) Human language is a system of symbols. No other animal has a complex symbolic language that must be learned. Animal language is largely instinctive, _1_ basic human language is learned speech, composed _2_ sounds that symbolize things, ideas, actions and the like. We learn to read, often with considerable effort, by noticing or _3_ taught that groups of letters for the sounds that we already know _4_ to speak. We learn to write, with even _5_ effort, by learning to form the letters, _6_ are symbols of sounds, and to put them together on paper so that others can read what we “say”. Since human language is a form of human behavior, _7_ is nothing absolute about it. It has _8_ slowly throughout human history and will continue to develop. In the English language there are perhaps 600,000_9_. Possibly more, but most of them are _10_ only to specialists and are rarely used.a.A. whileB. becauseC. sinceD. so学生答案:B;标准答案:A;b.A. onB. byC. ofD. in学生答案:B;标准答案:C;c.A. havingB. beingC. areD. been学生答案:B;标准答案:B;d.A. whatB. howC. whichD. why学生答案:B;标准答案:B;e.A. largerB. fewerC. lessD. greater学生答案:A;标准答案:D;f.A. theyB. thoseC. whichD. that学生答案:A;标准答案:C;g.A. thereB. itC. whichD. one学生答案:D;标准答案:A;h.A. developedB. lastedC. survivedD. functioned学生答案:C;标准答案:A;i.A. soundsB. worksC. lettersD. signs学生答案:B;标准答案:A;j.A. givenB. seenC. feltD. known学生答案:D;标准答案:D;2.3. 试题分值：50.04. 得分：0, 0, 5, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55. 提示：解析：1A.考查句意理解。本句大意是“动物的语言大部分是本能产生的，但是人类的语言则是可以通过学习获得”。可见这里是转折的关系，所以选择while表示“但是”。2C.本题考查固定搭配。因为“be composed of”是固定词组，意思是“由构成”。本句意思是说“人类的语言有声音构成，这些声音表达事物、观念、动作等等”。3B.考查搭配和句意理解。首先我们注意到前面有一个介词by，而介词后面的动词必须要用动名词doing的形式，据此排除C和D。再者，本句大意是“我们通常需要付出很多努力才可以学会阅读，我们是通过观察或者被别人告知才了解到字母的组合代表着我们已经学位的发音。”这里选择being和taught组合在一起表达被动含义。4B.考查句意理解，根据上面的解释，我们知道应该选择how。“how to speak”意思是“怎样来说话”。5D.考查上下文理解。上文已经说到学会阅读需要花费很多的努力，这里说学会写字，则要花费“更多”的努力才行。本句中的even其实也给我们 进行了暗示，表示前后需要比较。所以选择greater（程度上更大的）。Larger一般表示空间上更大 ，所以不选。6C.考查语法。这里需要选择一个定语从句的引导词来引导后面的这个定语从句，又因为这是个非限定性的定语从句，所以只能选择which。7A.考查固定句型。这里用的是“there be句型”。本句大意是“因为语言只是人类行为的一种形式，所以语言并非一成不变的。”8A.考查动词辨析。本句说语言在人类历史中一直在发展，故而选择developed（发展）。Lasted意思是“持续”，survived意思是“幸存”，functioned意思是“起作用”。9A.考查句意理解。本句说到英语中有约60万个语音。所以选择sounds。Works意思是“作品”，letters意思是“字母”（英语中不可能有60万个字母），sign意思是“标记”。10D.考查句意理解。本句意思承接上句，大意是“这些语音大多数只有专家才知道，而且也很少用。”所以选择known。6.二、单项选择题（共10道小题，共50.0分） 1. (错误)He _to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. A. appointedB. assignedC. pointedD. was appointed知识点:第一部分学生答案:A;标准答案:D;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选D，题目大意是“他被任命为一个委员会的成员，去调查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否可以通行大型船只。” appoint：任命，委派：选派或指定来填补一位置或职位：1.Dr Gray has been appointed to a consultancy. 格雷医生被派去当会诊医生了。2. Her company appointed her the chief operating officer of the company. 公司任命她为公司的经营主任。3.We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。2. (错误)Mrs. Brown, who has recently been _ general manager of our company, is one of the most capable women I have ever worked with.A. namedB. appointedC. assignedD. allocated知识点:第二部分学生答案:C;标准答案:B;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选B，题目大意是“布朗太太，最近被任命为公司总经理，是我曾经工作过的最能干的妇女之一。”appoint：及物动词 vt. 任命，指派They appointed him (to be) manager. 他们任命他为经理。 He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York. 他任命威廉斯作为他在约克市的代理人。3. (错误)The _ of the custom is unknown.A. originB. sourceC. placeD. sources知识点:第二部分学生答案:D;标准答案:A;得分:0试题分值:5.0提示:该题选A，题目大意是“这一风俗的起源至今尚不清楚。”ori