基于生态水文学的黄河口湿地环境需水研究

.,Sino-DutchStudyProgramYRD-EFSYellowRiverDeltaEnvironmentalFlowsProject中荷合作河口生态需水研究项目组王新功,基于生态水文学的黄河口湿地环境需水及评价研究StudyonEnvironmentalflowsanditsEvaluationBasedonEco-HydrologyinYellowRiverDeltaWetlands,中荷合作项目Sino-Dutchco-operationproject,.,Methodology（研究方法）,Scenariosdesign（预案设计）,Resultsanddiscussions（结果讨论）,Maincontent(主要内容),Background（项目背景）,.,1Background（项目背景）,1530km2,.,Themapofyellowriverdeltanaturereserve,山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区图,一千二管理站,黄河口管理站,大汶流管理站,Huanghekou,Dawenliu,Yiqianr,1530km2,.,鸟类迁徙路线MigrationroutesinEurasia,ThecoreareaoftheYellowRiverDeltaNationalNaturalProtectionArea,.,Estuaryecosystemdeteriorated（河口生态系统衰退）,.,MOUChinaNetherlandsonWaterManagement:focusonYellowRiverYRDEnvironmentalFlowStudyimplementedbyYRCC,leadingaconsortiumofChineseandNetherlandsexperts,ContractsignedbetweenRoyalNetherlandsEmbassyandYRCC,inthepresenceofPrinceWillemAlexanderoftheNetherlandson17October2005ZhengZhou;October2007finished,Sino-Dutchcooperation,.,Howtodefinereasonableprotectedobjectivesanditsprotectedscale;(合理保护目标及规模界定)-competitivesocietyforwaterWhatisthemechanismofenvironmentalflows?（生态需水机理分析）Howtoknoworquantitytheecologicaleffectofdischargingwatertonatureecosystem?（生态补水效益或效果分析）,2Methodology（研究方法）,.,Fig.2schematicdiagramofenvironmentalflowsstudy,.,黄河水资源,图2河口湿地生态需水及评价总体思路,.,LEDESS：LandscapeEcologicalDecisionAndEvaluationSupportSystem,2Methodology（研究方法）,scenarios,VegetationSuccessionmodule,Sitemodule,Habitatmodule,measures,VegetationSuccession,Habitatpattern,.,3.1RangeofwatercompensationTotalarea:236km2,3ScenariosDesign（预案设计）,Consideredfactors:wetlandimportance;landuseactuality;waterresources;feasibility,etc.,.,Thevegetationtypesofnaturereservein1992Theareaofreedwetlandsis285km2,.,3.2WaterrequirementRangeofRestorationWetlands,3ScenariosDesign（预案设计）,.,A,B,C,ScenariosDesign,D,E,F,.,Tab.Theobjectivesofdifferentscenarios,.,4.1Choiceofindicatorspecies,4Resultsanddiscussions（预案评价）,OrientalStorks(东方白鹳),thefirst-classstateprotectionbirds,In2003,startedbreedingintheYellowRoverDeltaFood:fish,batrachians,lizardandinsectHabitat:marshareawithsparsetrees,.,RedCrowncrane（丹顶鹤）,thefirst-classstateprotectionbirds,Food:grass,crop,fish,shrimp,Crustacea;Habitat:reed,farmlandandmudflat,.,Saudersgull（黑嘴鸥）:rareendangeredrarebirds,totalofthatallovertheworldisabout8000Food:fish,shrimp,crustaceanandinsectHabitat:wingedsea-blitetidalflat,.,Whistlingswan（小天鹅）:thefirst-classstateprotectionbirds,Food:crop,fish,molluskHabitat:reed,reservoirandotherwaterbody,.,4.2Habitatafter5years（五年后栖息地）,4Resultsanddiscussions（结果讨论）,.,Habitatafter5years（五年后栖息地）,.,Habitatafter5years（五年后栖息地）,.,.,.,InscenarioD,EandF,thesuitablehabitatareaofreedmarshandseabliteincreasednotably,andsalinaareadecreasedcorrespondingly.Afterwaterdischargedtowetland,onenewhabitatwaterbody(pond)comeintobeing.AsforYRD,largeareapondsformedbyscenarioEandFhaveimportantecologicalvaluesinsustainingwetlandwaterbalance.Besides,pondsareoptimalhabitatsformostswimmingfowllikeRedCrownCrane,OrientalStorkandswans.Syntheticallycompare,theecologicaleffectsofscenarioEarelargerthanDandF.预案D、E和F，芦苇沼泽与翅碱蓬面积均增加显著，同时盐碱地明显下降；补水后一种新的生境类型-水体产生。预案E优于D与,4.2Habitatafter5years（五年后栖息地）,.,TheindicatorspeciesamountsincreasedalongwiththerestorationareaincreasedfromscenarioAtoscenarioC,especiallyforOrientalstorkandWhistlingswan,whosesuitablehabitatarereedmarsh.,4.3Habitatcarryingcapacity（生态承载力）,HabitatcarryingcapacityofscenarioA,B,C,.,.,Forhabitatcarryingcapacity,theincreasedindicatorspeciesamounts(OrientalstorkandWhistlingswan)ofScenarioCismorethantotalincreasedamountsofScenarioAandBalthoughtherestorationareaisequalwiththesummationAandB.(CA+B)Thenumbersofcranedonotchangemuchbecauseuseboththereedandmudflatsashabitat,andwithincreasingreedhabitatthereisadecreaseofmudflat.,increasedspeciesofscenarioA,B,C,.,.,TheindicatorspeciesamountsincreasedalongwiththewaterquantitiesincreasedfromDtoF,butthespeedbecamelower.Itisnotthemorewaterquantitieswedischarged,thebetteroutcomeswecangetforreedwetlandsrestoration.ForSaudersgullwhosesuitablehabitatismudflatwithseablite,anditneedsomefreshwater,butifwedischargetoomuchwater,itshabitatqualitywilldecreased.,HabitatcarryingcapacityofscenarioD,E,F,.,Increasedindicatorspeciesamount/108m3water,(EF)(DE)especiallytoOrientalstorkandWhistlingswan,anditindicatethattheecologicaleffectofScenarioFisbetterthanDandE.,每亿方水增加鸟类数量（对）Increasedindicatorspeciesamount/108m3,.,WetlandeconomicevaluationresultofYellowRiverDeltaunit：108RMB,Fordifferentyears,thewetlandecologicalvaluein1992arelargerthanitsin2005;fordifferentscenarios,Fisthelargest,butitneedmorewaterquantities.,4.4wetlandecologicalvalue（湿地补水价值）,.,AnintegratedmethodwasappliedtocalculatedenvironmentalflowsofYellowRiverdelta.definedthereasonablewetlandscaletobeprotected;themechanismofindicatorspeciesandvegetationwaterrequirementwereconsidered;theecologicaleffectofdischargingwatercanbe“seen”.,4.5Generalresults,.,Fordifferentrestorationareasscenario,scenarioDcangetbetterecologicaleffect,andthehabitatcapacityarelargerthanthesummationofdifferentrestorationareas.Inonehand,thenorthpartandeastpartofNaturereserveareoneintegratedecosystem,inanotherhand,manyrarebirdschoosenorthwetlandandeastpartastheirbreeding,winteringandforagingarea,andifwetlandsinonepartwasdepredated,thewholepartwillloseecologicalvalueforsomebirdsthattheirforagingsemidiameteraresmall.,4.5Generalresults（总结论）,.,Notsuitable,Ecologicalhigh