主谓一致课件.ppt

,Revision,概念:,主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。,找出下列句子的错误,1.Thepoliceiscomimgsoon.2.Thesadnewsmakemecry.3.Myshoesisnew.4.Therichisgoingtobelookedafterwell.5.Thispairofglassesaremine.6.Thefirstclassbeginateighteverymorning.,先测一测.,makes,are,are,are,is,begins,Letstry.,1.OurclassaregoingtohikenextweekOurclassarebigandclean.,2.Aspeakerandwriterdoesexerciseeveryday.Aspeakerandawriterdoesexerciseeveryday.,Doyouknowthedifferences?,3.AnumberofChinesearelearningEnglish.Thenumberofthestudentsareforty.,哪一句表达正确？,主谓一致三原则,1.语法一致原则：,指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式.,Tomisagoodstudent.Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.,2、意义一致原则：,指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记.指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。,Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.,Myfamilyisabigfamily.,Therearetwentydollarsonthedesk.,（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。Myfamily(be)watchingTVat7oclockyesterdayevening.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、等。（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。Thenews(be)veryexciting.复数形式代表单数内容的词有news、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、politics、economics等。,is,are,就近一致原则：,指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致.,Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.,Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.,提示：一般说来,究竟何时采用何种原则,应视英语习惯用法而定.但在实际使用中,如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时,遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法.,名词作主语,1.单数名词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词作主语，谓语用复数形式。,ThedeskisToms.,Somewaterisinthebottle.,Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.,2.某些集体名词，如family,team,club，class，public，group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。,Hisfamilyisahappyone.,ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.,3.某些集体名词，如people,police,clothes等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。,Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.,4.单、复数同形的名词如sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。,Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.,5.名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。,Thedoctorsisacrossthestreet.Myunclesisnotfarfromhere.,常见的省略名词有：thebakers（面包房）,thebarbers（理发店）,theZhangs（张家）等。,注:the姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人。,TheGreensarehavingbreakfastnow.,6.表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses,shoes,chopsticks,pants等。,Thepantsaremine.Myglassesareonthetable.,但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Apairofshoeswasunderthedesk.Twopairsofshoeswereunderthedesk.,7当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。,TheUnitedStatesliesinNorthAmerica.,8news，maths，physics，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.,Nonewsisgoodnews.Mathsisverypopularinourclass,连接词连接的名词作主语,1用and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。,Plasticsandrubberneverrot.Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.,注：A：并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。否则，用复数。这种情况常有两种结构形式：a.+n.+and+n，指的是同一个人或物；a.+n.+and+a.+n.，指两个人或物。,Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.,B：由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every,等修饰时，结构是each/every+n.+and+(each/every)+n.，其谓语动词要用单数形式。,Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.,2当主语后面跟有aswellas,alongwith,with,like,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由前面的主语而定。,(1)Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.(2)Thewomenwithtwochildrenismyaunt(3)Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball(4)Thestudents,includingtheirteacher,aregoingtothebraveman.(5)NobodyexceptMr.LiandMrs.Lilikessoprts.(6)Mr.Libesideshissonslikessports.,3以eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso,notbut等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。,Eitheryouorheistogo.Notonebutallofusarehopingtobethere.,Therebe结构，依据就近一致原则。,Thereisabook,twopensonthedesk.Therearetwopens,abookinthedesk.,(1)Herearetwonovels.OneiswritteninEnglish.TheotherisinChinese.(2)Iseveryoneheretoday.(3)Somethingiswrongwithhim.(4)Noneofthemhasseenthefilm.(5)Eitheroftheboysisready.(6)Neitherofthesewordsiscorrect.(7)Eachofthepenscoststhreedollars.(8)Nobodywasin.,4不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing,either,neither,each,theother,another作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。,分数和量词作主语,1表示时间，价格，度量、距离、金额、书名，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。,(1)Twomonthsisalongholiday.(2)Twentypoundsisntsoheavy.(3)Tenmilesisntalongdistance.(4)Fiveminusfourisone.(5)TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.,2分数(百分数)+of+名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。,Tenpercentoftheappleswerebad.,注意:population一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。,ThepopulationofChinais13.6billionand70%ofthepopulationarepeasants,3anumberof后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但thenumberof后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。,ThenumberoftheteachersinNo.2MiddleSchoolisover100.anumberofthemareyoung.,名词化的形容词作主语,如果主语由“the+形容词”结构担任表示一类人或物时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb.,Therichoftenhelpthepoor.,PRACTICE,一、给句子填上is/am/are,1.There_somemilkandsomebottlesonthetable.2.NeitherJimnorMary_right.3.EitheryouorI_goingtoworkthere.4.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher_happy.5.There_somesheepandachildoverthere.,is,is,am,is,are,Therebe_A_and_B_Either_A_or_B_Neither_A_nor_B_Notonly_A_butalso_B_,动词,Thinkingmakesyouclever,就近原则,1.Behindthehouse_(be)sometrees.2.Everystudentandeveryteacher_(come)toschoolontimeinthemorning.3.Nomanandnowoman_(like)theseshoes.4.Heorshe_(have)gonethere.5.Whathesaid_(sound)reasonable.6.“I”_(be)theninthletter.,Canyouworkthemout?,are,comes,likes,has,sounds,is,Truegoldfearsnotthefire.,找出各句中的错误,1.Anumberofstudentshasseenthefilm.2.Thiskindofapplestasteverygood.3.Notonlymyclassroombutalsomyteacherarefondofsports.4.TheGreenshasreturnedtoEngland.5.Thosewhoonlythinksofthemselvescanneverbehappy.6.Wheneachpersoncomein,theymustshowtheirtickets.,have,tastes,is,have,think,comes,Thinkcarefully,7.Tenthousandpoundsarealotofmoney.8.Marylikesmanyothergirlslikesdancing.9.WeareChinese.YoutwoareGerman.10.Thesingeranddancerlookveryyoung.11.Breadandbutteraremyfavoritebreakfast.12.Nobodybutthetwinsistersknowthesecret.,Icanmakeit,is,like,Germans,looks,is,knows,1：Eachofthestudents_adictionary.A.haveB.isC.areD.has2：Howtimeflies!Tenyears_passed.A.haveB.hasC