渔业资源的共同管理

An Option for Sustainable Management of Fishery Resources in Deepor Beel Co-management Approach,Sujan M. HenkanaththegedaraECS 740: Fall 2007,Outline,Current status of the fisheryComposition & ProductionFishery regulationProblemsUnsustainable fishing practicesDeclaration of Wildlife SanctuaryPotential impacts of aquaculturePossible solutionsCommunity based co-management,Fishery Resources,61 freshwater fish species (Saikia 2005)54 indigenous; 5 exotics8 protected species (Wildlife protection Act, 1972) 20 economically important11 collect for ornamental trade,Expectation: 90,000 tons/ year (Goswami and Choudhury 1990) Harvest: 245 kg/hectare (980 tons)Comparatively very high yield (AFDC, Assam),Fishery Production, Saikia, P A 2005,Fisher Community,Traditional fishery More than 5000 people/1200 families depend on the fisheryCommunity fishing during winters., Saikia, P A 2005, Saikia, P A 2005,Fishery Regulation,AuthorityAssam Fisheries Development CorporationState Fisheries Department Lease government parts for commercial fisheryPrivate land owners also lease their private land,New Proposals,Development of pen and cage culture for the rearing and propagation fish (Gauhati University, Assam)Government Authority and some interested parties propose aquaculture in fringe areasDeclaration of Deepor Beel as a Wildlife Sanctuary,Problems Identified,Unsustainable fishing practicesDeclaration of Wildlife SanctuaryPossible impacts of garbage dumpingImpacts of siltationPossible impacts of exotic fishConservation implications for protected speciesPotential impacts of aquaculture,Problems Identified,Unsustainable fishing practicesDeclaration of Wildlife SanctuaryPossible impacts of garbage dumpingImpacts of siltationPossible impacts of exotic fishConservation implications for protected speciesPotential impacts of aquaculture,Unsustainable fishing practices,ImpactsHarmful fishing methods (eg. small mesh size)Potential overharvesting (small size of fish, possibly collapse the fishery)Possible solutionsClosed areas/closed seasonsBan harmful fishing methodsClose monitoring of illegal fishingFisheries co-management,(Myers et al. 1997; Hambright and Shapiro 1997 ),Declaration of Wildlife Sanctuary,ImpactsLimitations to the fisherySerious conflicts between local people and government Social and economical problems in local communitiesPossible Solutions10-20% core wildlife sanctuary Rest- Reserved wetland (human activities permitted up to some extent),Potential impacts of aquaculture,ImpactsIntroduction of exotic speciesPollutionEutrophication (mass fish kills!)Possible SolutionsA proper cost-benefit analysis If necessary, based on native speciesIf necessary, locate beyond the fringe areas,What to do?,Beel fishery is still UNDERUTILIZED.Need to manage the fishery PROPERLY,To meet maximum sustainable yield (MSY)To improve the living standardsTo fulfill the local protein requirementTo reduce the unemploymentWhat is the need of AQUACULTURE?,What is Co-management?,A partnership arrangement between,Government agenciesLocal fisher communityNGOsOther stakeholdersShare the responsibility and authority for the management of a fishery.Integrate local (informal, traditional) and government management systems.Power-sharing between government and fishermen (Pomeroy 1998).,What is Co-management?,Fishers,GovernmentAssam Fish. Dev. CooperationState Fish. Dept.,Fisheries StakeholdersBoat ownersFish tradersMoney lenders,External AgentAarnayakGauhati University,Local stakeholdersTourismTransportation,Modified after Pomeroy 1998,Co-management,Resource-oriented studies to define fishery regulations,Monitoring the fishery,Implementing fishery regulations,Organize fisheries co-operative society,Enhance fish production and improve living standards,Active government or NGO mediation,Maintenance of fisheries co-operative society,Proper regulation of fishing permits,Banning harmful fishing methods,Social welfare,Modified after Amarasinghe and De Silva 1999,Acknowledgements,Dr. Achintya N. Bezbaruah, Civil Engineering Department, NDSU for his guidance and supportDr. Prasanta Kumar Saikia, Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, India for kind sharing of dataFellow colleagues for their valuable inputs,References cited,Amarasinghe, U.S. and S.S. De Silva. 1999. Sri Lankan reservoir fishery: a case for introduction of a co-management stratergy. Fisheries Management and Ecology. 6: 387-399.Goswami, B. and A.S. Choudhury. 1990. Deepor Beel- A gold mine for socio-economic upliftment. Press release. INSTER/ Deepor III/ 89- Misc. 3pp.Hambright, K. D. and J. Shapiro. 1997. The 1993 collapse of the Lake Kinneret bleak fishery. Fisheries Management and Ecology. 4: 275-283,Myers, R. A., J. A. Hutchings and N. J. Barrowman. 1997. Why do Fish Stocks Collapse? The Example of Cod in Atlantic Canada. Ecological Applications. 7: 91-106.Pomeroy, R. S. 1998. A process for community-based fisheries co-management. Naga. January-March. ICLARM. 71-76.Saikia, P.K. 2005. Qualitative and quantitative study of lower and higher or