William-Blake.ppt

Auguriesofinnocence天真的预兆,一沙一世界，一花一天堂。无限掌中置，刹那成永恒。徐志摩（译）,ToseeaWorldinaGrainofSand，AndaHeaveninaWildFlower，HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhand，AndEternityinanhour.,WilliamBlake,(1757-1827),WilliamBlake,PoetandPainterEngraver雕刻师Developedownmythology/religionFirstmajor“Romantic”poet,BorninLondonon28November1757thesonofahosier.Williamdidnotattendschool,andwaseducatedathomebyhismother.Attheageof10heenteredadrawingschoolandlaterstudiedforatimeattheschooloftheRoyalAcademyofArts.,At14,BlakebecameapprenticedtoengraverJamesBasireofGreatQueenStreet,forthetermofsevenyears.Attheageof21,hewastobecomeaprofessionalengraver.At24hemarriedCatherineBoucher.Later,inadditiontoteachingCatherinetoreadandwrite,hetrainedherasanengraver.,In1800,BlakemovedtoacottageatFelphaminSussextotakeupajobillustrating阐明theworksofWilliamHayley,aminor次要的，二流的poet.InAugust1803Blakestroublewithauthoritycametoahead,whenhewasinvolvedinaphysicalaltercationwithasoldiercalledJohnSchofield.,In1804BlakereturnedtoLondonandbegantowriteandillustrateJerusalem耶路撒冷,hismostambitiousworkLaterinhislifeBlakebegantosellagreatnumberofhisworks,particularlyhisBibleillustrations,toThomasButts.Hediedinhisseventiethyear.,Pointofview,PoliticallyBlackwasarebel,makingfriendswiththoseradicals激进分子.Hestronglycriticizedthecapitalistcruelexploitation.HecherishedgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution.Heoncesaidthedarksatanicmillsleftmenemployed,killedchildrenandforcedprostitution.LiterarilyBlackwasthefirstimportantromanticpoet,showingcontemptfortheruleofreason,oppositetheclassicaltraditionofthe18thcentury,andtreasuringtheindividualsimagination.,MajorLiteraryWorks,PoeticalSketches素描诗集(1783):hisearliestpoems,fullofjoy,laughter,loveandharmonySongsofInnocence(1789):presentahappyandinnocentworld,thoughwithitsevilsandsufferingsTheMarriageofHeavenandHell(1790):hisfirstprophetical预言的workandmostimportantprosework;exploretherelationshipofthecontrariesSongsofExperience(1794):presentaworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytoneJerusalem耶路撒冷:TheEmanationoftheGiantAlbion(1820):hislongestilluminatedwork;expoundhistheoryofImagination,Blakesworks,SongsofInnocenceSongsofExperience,SongsofInnocence/Experience,SongsofInnocence(19)TheShepherdTheLambTheChimneySweeperHolyThursdayNightSpringADreamOnAnothersSorrow,SongsofExperience(26)TheChimneySweeperTheSickRoseTheTygerAh!Sun-Flower(atwikisource)TheLilyLondonAPoisonTree,SongsofInnocence(1789),UsingalanguagewhichevenlittlebabiescanlearnbyheartPresentingahappyandinnocentworldwithoutevilsandsufferingsEverythingseemstobeinpiousharmony.However,in“Thelittleblackboy”and“Thechimneysweeper”,wefindracialdiscriminationandsufferingsofthepoor.,Ahappyandinnocentworldwithoutevilsandsufferings,TheChimneySweeper,TheChimneySweeperisthetitleoftwopoemsbyWilliamBlake,publishedinSongsofInnocencein1789andSongsofExperiencein1794.Intheearlierpoem,ayoungchimneysweeperrecountsadreamhadbyoneofhisfellows,inwhichanangelrescuestheboysfromcoffinsandtakesthemtoasunnymeadow;inthelaterpoem,anapparentlyadultspeakerencountersachildchimneysweeperabandonedinthesnowwhilehisparentsareatchurch.,WhenmymotherdiedIwasveryyoung,Andmyfathersoldmewhileyetmytongue,Couldscarcelycryweep!weep!weep!weep!SoyourchimneysIsweep,andinsootIsleep.ThereslittleTomDacre,whocriedwhenhishead,Thatcurledlikealambsback,wasshaved:soIsaid,Hush,Tom!nevermindit,forwhenyourheadsbare,Youknowthatthesootcannotspoilyourwhitehair.Andsohewasquiet;andthatverynight,AsTomwasa-sleeping,hehadsuchasight,Thatthousandsofsweepers,Dick,Joe,Ned,andJack,Wereallofthemlockedupincoffinsofblack.,TheChimneySweeper,Andbycameanangelwhohadabrightkey,Andheopenedthecoffinsandsetthemallfree;Thendownagreenplainleaping,laughing,theyrun,Andwashinariver,andshineinthesun.Thennakedandwhite,alltheirbagsleftbehind,Theyriseuponcloudsandsportinthewind;AndtheangeltoldTom,ifhedbeagoodboy,HedhaveGodforhisfather,andneverwantjoy.AndsoTomawoke;andweroseinthedark,Andgotwithourbagsandourbrushestowork.Thoughthemorningwascold,Tomwashappyandwarm;,TheChimneySweeper,我母亲死的时候，我还小得很,我父亲把我拿出来卖给了别人,我当时还不大喊得清，“扫呀扫！”我就扫你们烟囱，裹煤屑睡觉.有个小托姆，头发卷得像小羊头,剃光的时候，哭得好伤心，好难受,我就说：“小托姆，不要紧，光了脑袋,打起来煤屑就不会糟踏你白头发。”他就安安静静了，当天夜里，托姆睡着了，事情就来得稀奇，他看见千千万万的扫烟囱小孩，阿猫阿狗全都给锁进了黑棺材。,扫烟囱的孩子译文,后来来了个天使，拿了把金钥匙，开棺材放出了孩子们（真是好天使！）他们就边跳，边笑，边跑过草坪，到河里洗了澡，太阳里晒得亮晶晶。光光的，白白的，把袋子都抛个一，他们就升上了云端，在风里游戏；“只要你做个好孩子，”天使对托姆说，“上帝会做你的父亲，你永远快乐。”托姆就醒了；屋子里黑咕隆咚，我们就起来拿袋子、扫帚去做工。大清早尽管冷，托姆的心里可温暖；这叫做：各尽本分，就不怕灾难。,扫烟囱的孩子译文,TheSickRose病玫瑰,Orose,thouartsick!Theinvisibleworm,Thatfliesinthenight,Inthehowlingstorm,HasfoundoutthybedOfcrimsonjoy,AndhisdarksecretloveDoesthylifedestroy.,噢玫瑰，你病了！那无形的飞虫乘着黑夜飞来了在风暴呼号中。找到了你的床钻进红色的欢欣；他的黑暗而隐秘的爱毁了你的生命。,TheSickRose,SongsofExperience(1794),Paintsadifferentworld,aworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytone.AnumberofpoemsfromtheSongsofInnocencealsofindacounterpartintheSongsofExperience.Forinstance,thepureLambispairedwiththeflamingTyger.,IntroductionofTheLambandTheTyger,THELAMB,LittleLambwhomadethee小羊羔，谁创造了你？Dostthouknowwhomadethee你知道是谁创造了你？Gavetheelife毛绒绒的衣裳；Gavetheesuchatendervoice,给你这样柔美的声音Makingallthevalesrejoice:使所有的山谷都欢畅？,Thelamb(),LittleLamb,Illtellthee,LittleLamb,Illtellthee.Heiscalledbythyname,ForHecallsHimselfaLamb.Heismeek,andHeismild;Hebecamealittlechild.Iachild,andthoualamb,WearecalledbyHisname.LittleLamb,Godblessthee!LittleLamb,Godblessthee!,小羊羔，我告诉你，小羊羔，我告诉你。他就叫你的名字，因为他就把自己称羔羊。他温柔而谦恭，变成了一个孩童。我是个孩子，你是只羔羊，我们都叫他的名字。小羊羔，上帝保佑你！小羊羔，上帝保佑你！,TheTyger/老虎(I)（郭沫若译）,Tyger!Tyger!BurningbrightIntheforestsofthenight,WhatimmortalhandoreyeCouldframethyfearfulsymmetry?InwhatdistantdeepsorskiesBurntthefireofthineeyes?Onwhatwingsdareheaspires?Whatthehanddareseizethefire?Andwhatshoulder,&whatart,Couldtwistthesinewsofthyheart?Andwhenthyheartbegantobeat,Whatdreadhand?andwhatdreadfeet?,老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中燃烧着的煌煌的火光，是怎样的神手或天眼造出了你这样的威武堂堂？你炯炯的两眼中的火燃烧在多远的天空或深渊？他乘着怎样的翅膀搏击？用怎样的手夺来火焰？又是怎样的膂力，怎样的技巧，把你的心脏的筋肉捏成？当你的心脏开始搏动时，使用怎样猛的手腕和脚胫？,TheTyger/老虎(II),Whatthehammer?Whatthechain?Inwhatfurnacewasthybrain?Whatheanvil?WhatdreadgraspDareitsdeadlyterrorsclasp?Whenthestarsthrewdowntheirspears,Andwaterdheavenwiththeirtears,Didhesmilehisworktosee?DidhewhomadetheLambmakethee?Tiger!Tiger!BurningbrightIntheforestsofthenight,Whatimmortalhandoreye,Dareframethyfearfulsymmetry?,是怎样的槌？怎样的链子？在怎样的熔炉中炼成你的脑筋？是怎样的铁砧？怎样的铁臂敢于捉着这可怖的凶神？群星投下了他们的投枪。用它们的眼泪润湿了穹苍，他是否微笑着欣赏他的作品？他创造了你，也创造了羔羊？老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中燃烧着的煌煌的火光，是怎样的神手或天眼造出了你这样的威武堂堂？,Thetyger,BlakesEtchings(蚀刻画),),WilliamBlake(1757-1827)ElohimcreatingAdam1795,Illustrator,Godisomniscient（无所不知的）,Blakescreationofhisownmythology.,Blakewriteshispoemsinplainandirectlanguage.Hepresentshisviewinvisualimagesratherthanabstractideas.Symbolisminwiderangeisadistinctivefeatureofhispoetry.,Writingfeatures,Comments:,1)Blakewasopposedtotheclassicismofthe18thcentury.2)Hispoemswerefullofromanticspirit,imagerysymbolismandrevolutionaryspirit.3)HewasaPre-Romanticistorforerunneroftheromanticpoetryofthe19thcentury.,HisPositionsinEnglishLiterature,ThemostextraordinaryliterarygeniusofhisageAPre-RomanticoraforerunneroftheRomanticpoetryofthe19thcentury1)Hislyricsdisplayallthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit(naturalsentiment&i