供应链管理战略和工具

ASiaV-Chain,AdvancedStrategiesandToolsforVirtualSupplyChainManagementinAsianenvironment,ASIAIT&CProgrammeGENERALAIMSTheEuropeanCommission(EC)launchedtheAsiaIT&CProgrammein1999inorderto:co-financemutuallybeneficialpartnershipsinICTbetweenEuropeandAsiaimprovethequalityofEurope-AsiapartnershipslinkthetworegionsinthesearchforinnovativeandcompatiblesolutionsinIT&CAREASOFACTIVITY-Society-e-Commerce-Education-Transport-Health-Agricolture-Tourism-i-Manufacturing,ASIAV-CHAINProjectApplicant:UniversityofUdineDepartmentofElectronic,ManagerialandMechanicalEngineeringUnitco-ordinator:Prof.AlbertoFeliceDeToni(Projectmanager)Europeanpartner:UniversidadPolitcnicadeValenciaDepartmentofBusinessOrganisation,FinancialEconomy&AccountingUnitco-ordinator:Prof.AngelOrtizBasAsianpartner:TheChineseUniversityofHongKongDepartmentofDecisionSciencesandManagerialEconomicsUnitco-ordinator:Prof.JeffHoi-yanYeung,Prof.XiandeZhao,ASIAV-CHAINProjectHongKongTeam,JeffYeungCUHKXiandeZhaoCUHK徐學軍教授華南理工大學XieJinxing清華大學ZhaoXiaobo清華大學,GeneralAimsfacilitatingtheaccessofAsiancompaniestoEUadvancedandinnovativeorganisationalmethodologiesandICTsolutionsdesignedforamoreefficientmanagementofindustrialprocesses(negotiation,planning,scheduling,deliveryetc.)andflows(materials,information,etc.).providinginformationandtoolsforhelpingAsiancompaniestoimplementinnovativeapproachesinthefieldofSupplyChainManagementfocussingonupstreamphysical,informationandeconomicvaluesflows,withparticularreferencetocomplexindustrialsituations,suchasInter-firmNetworks.,V-CHAINProject:MAINOBJECTIVESDevelopaframework(methodology,architecture,referencemodelandtechnologies)forsupplychainmanagementinaVirtualEnterprisecontextAnalyseandprovidemeansandamigrationpathtomovefromanExtendedEnterpriseAS-ISstatetoaVirtualEnterpriseTO-BEstate,V-CHAINProject:MAINOBJECTIVESDevelopalgorithmsthatallowtodefineglobalobjectives(supplychain-wide)basedonconstraintsofallinvolvedactorsAnalyseandapplyrecenttechnologicalinnovationICTtrendstosolveVEproblemsanddevelopasupportingtechnologicalframework,V-CHAINProject:CONSORTIUM,ScientificPartners,PolytechnicofValencia,DynamitNobel(Fordssupplier),NationalInstituteforResearchinComputerScienceandControl(France),IndustrialPartners,FordSpain,Consultingcompanies,DMRCosulting(projectcoordinator),Innova,Otherpartners,Exel(logisticoperator),Vitria(softwarehouse),FranciscoSegura(Fordssupplier),JohnsonControls(Fordssupplier),Aprilia,UniversityofUdine,V-CHAINProject:CONTEXT,SupplyChainManagementRelationshipsbetweenassemblycompanyandsuppliers,Suppliers,Customers,V-CHAINProject:definitionofEXTENDEDENTERPRISE,AnExtendedEnterpriseisadominantcompanywhichextendsitsboundariesbybuildingpartnershipswithothersinitssupplychain,improvingitscustomersvaluepropositiontoachieveasustainablecompetitiveadvantage,V-CHAINProject:definitionofVIRTUALENTERPRISE,AVirtualEnterpriseisasinglebusinessentity,compoundedbycompaniesthatsharecapitalsandmaintaindynamicandagilerelationships,inordertoenhanceitscustomersvaluepropositionandtimelycreateandexploitcomplexmarketopportunities,ENDCUSTOMER,Singleenterpriseboundaries,Virtualenterpriseboundary,OEM/Assembler,Environment,OPS/OP,Ajointstrategy,VEdemandsintegratingnotonlycapitalswithinpartnersbutalsothestrategicdecisions.Thus,thepartnersfullysharetheircapitalstocreatethenamedbusinessentityinordertobetterdefineandestablishstrategic,tacticandoperationalgoalsintothevirtualentity.,HC=HumanCapitalOC=OperationalCapitalKC=KnowledgeCapitalTC=TechnologicalCapitalSC=StructuralCapitalFC=FinancialCapitalRC=RelationshipCapitalS=Strategy,VE,BUSINESSDIMENSION,EE,BasicEE,AdvancedEE,RecommendedMigrationSpace,CompleteMigrationSpace,V-CHAINProject:MIGRATIONPATH,ICTDIMENSION,Thefoursupplychainintegrationlevels,AcompanycannotseekthelevelofVisibilityinaSCwithouthavingreachedbeforetheoneofCommunication,andsoonwithalltherestofthelevelsinthishierarchy.,Source:DMRConsulting,WINLOSE/LOSE-WIN,WIN-WIN,Stage1ExtendedEnterprise(Basic/Advanced),Stage2AcknowledgedVirtualEnterprise,Stage3CommunicatingVirtualEnterprise,Stage4VisibleVirtualEnterprise,Stage5SynchronisedVirtualEnterprise,Stage6CollaborativeVirtualEnterprise,Understandingthesixmigrationstages,S1-Theextendedenterprise(basicandadvanced):Thisstagerepresentstheinitialstep.S2Theacknowledgedvirtualenterprise:predominantcompanyrecognisesthatcompaniesinvolvedintheEEmustevolvetogether.S3Thecommunicatingvirtualenterprise:achievementofthecommunicationintegrationlevelwithinthenetworkedorganisation.S4Thevisiblevirtualenterprise:achievementofthevisibilityintegrationlevelwithinthenetworkedorganisation.S5Thesynchronisedvirtualenterprise:achievementofthesynchronisationintegrationlevelwithinthenetworkedorganisation.S6Thecollaborativevirtualenterprise:Thefinalstage.,FORDsCase,ExtendedEnterpriseBusinessReferenceModel:Relationshipsandflows,Therelationshipsandflows(ProductsandFinancialflow)betweentheseactorsareshownbelow:,J.I.T.,Supplier,Sequence,Supplier,D.A.D.,Supplier,Dealer,OEM,(Original,Equipment,Manufacturer),Carriers,Planning&SequenceInfo,$,Order,Goods,$,Planning&,SequenceInfo.,$,SubAssemblies,(JIT&Seq),Parts,(O.C.),PlanningInfo.,SubAssemblyInfo.,$,Constraints,Constraints,Parts,(O.C.),/Empties,SequenceSub,Assemblies,Part,s(O.C.),/Empties,Planning&,Sequence,Info,$,Constraints,Goods,Info,J.I.T.Sub,Assemblies,SubAssemblyInfo.,Sub,Assembly,Info.,D.A.D.SubAssemblies,Logistic,Operator,$,Routes&,Material,s,info.,Traditional,Supplier,Parts,Planning,Info,$,Order,DeliveryNote,Delivery,Note,Delivery,Note,Time,Windows&,M,a,terial,s,info.,TimeWindows&MaterialsInfo,DistantSuppliers,OtherPlants,LogisticCentre,LocalSuppliers,AlmussafesFordPlant,Seq/JIT,Seq/JIT,DAD,DAD,IndustrialPark,Seq/JIT,LogisticOperator,Seq/JIT,Seq/JIT,LogisticOperator,Seq/JIT,SupplychainnodesofFord,INDUSTRIALPARKSUPPLIERS54suppliersinstalled(Production=22,Services=32).SUPPLYMETHODS(INCLUDINGNEARBYSUPPLIERS)J.I.T.SequenceTOTAL20Suppliers18Suppliers38Suppliers281References836References1117ReferencesTRANSPORTJ.I.T./SEQUENCE(EXCLUDINGDELIVERIESBYCONVEYOR)30Trucksperday258Tripsperday,Informationflows,Long-termdemandplanMid-termdemandplanShort-termdemandplanSequenceinformationShippingnotesTripsheetsConstraintsInvoices,TheV-CHAINVirtualEnterpriseReferenceModel,theTO-BEModel,hasbeenconceivedastheframeworkneededtoobtainanintegratedsolvingproblemapproach,Assembler,LogisticsOperator,(OperatorforPlanningandSequencing)(OperatorforPlanning),Otheractors,Carriers,VEBUSINESSREFERENCEMODEL:OVERVIEW,Whatdoweneedtodo?StepI:In-depthsupplychainsstudy:Therelationshipsandflows(ProductsandFinancialflow)betweenthedifferentplayerswithintheirsupplychainThecurrentstatusofprocessintegrationbetweendifferentplayersWhatinformationiscurrentlybeingshared?Whatinformationdotheyhopethattheycanget?Howaretheyusingtheinformationintheirdecisionmaking?Whataretheydoingintermsofcoordination,collaborationandjointdecisionmakingetc?Whataresomeofpotentialwaysofimprovingtherelationshiporprocessestoenhancesupplychainperformance?Whataretheirexpectationsforvirtualsupplychainmanagementintermofinformationtechnology,managementsystems,processintegrationandmanagementoftherelationshipsetc?,Whatdoweneedtodo?StepII:IdentifycriticalissuesProblemsInformationthatareimportantDecisiontools,Whatdoweneedtodo?StepIII:EvaluatingthebenefitsofInformationsharingandCoordinationthroughComputerSimulationandmodellingIdentifyandproposemethodsofinformationsharingandcoordinationtoenhancesupplychainperformance.Buildsimulationmodelstoinvestigatethecostsandbenefitsoftheproposedapproaches.Developingguidelinesforcompaniestoimprovetheirsupplychainperformancethroughinformationsharinga