美国机动车工程师学会(SAE)汽车行业标准：SAE J903 乘用车前风窗刮水系统

编编 号号应用范围：应用范围： 乘用车 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 采采 标标 号号制定部门：制定部门： 乘用车研究院 企业技术标准企业技术标准 SAESAE J903-1999J903-1999 第第 1 1 页页 标题：标题：乘用车前风窗刮水系统 共共 2525 页页 目目 录录 1. 目的2 2. 适用范围2 3. 规范性引用文件2 4. 术语定义2 5. 标准件入库条件2 6. 入库管理及使用规则3 7. 其他4 序号文件号更改内容日期修改者 会会 签：签： 制制 定定校校 对对审审 核核批批 准准发布日期发布日期实施日期实施日期 标记文件号更改内容修订页修订日期修订者 会会 签：签： 制制 定定校校 对对审审 核核批批 准准发布日期发布日期实施日期实施日期 目目 录录 FOREWORDFOREWORD.2 前言前言.2 1.1. SCOPESCOPE.2 1.1. 范围范围.2 2.2. REFERENCESREFERENCES.3 2.2. 叁考叁考.3 3.3. DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS.4 3.3. 定义定义.4 4.4. GENERALGENERAL PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE.11 4.4. 基本功能基本功能.11 5.5. TESTTEST METHODSMETHODS.15 5.5. 测试方法测试方法.15 APPENDIXAPPENDIX A A.23 附件附件 A A.23 编编 号号应用范围：应用范围： 乘用车 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 Q/JQ 5200-2006 第第 2 2 页页标题：标题： 乘用车前风窗刮水系统 共共 2525 页页 (R) Passenger Car Windshield Wiper Systems (R) 乘用车前风窗刮水系统 ForewordForeword This Document has also changed to comply with the new SAE Technical Standards Board Format.References were added as Section 2, Definitions changed to Section 3. All other section numbers have changed accordingly. 前言前言 本标准是 SAE 推荐实行的最新技术标准。叁考被增加为第 2 节,定义换成第 3 节。 所有的其他章节内容也已经适当地改变 1.1. ScopeScope This SAE Recommend Practice establishes for passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW or 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or less: 1.1. 范围范围 此标准为SAE为乘用车, 轻型卡车, 和GVW 、总质量小于4500 公斤 (10000 磅)的少 量的多用途车辆推荐实行的标准: a. Minimum performance standards for windshield wiper systems. a. 挡风玻璃雨刮最小刮刷面积校核标准。 b. Test procedures that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially availablelaboratory facilities. b。本标准在乘用车雨刮刮刷面积校核领域是最为普及和统一的。 c.Uniform terminology of windshield wiper system characteristics and phenomena consistent with thosefound in guides for the use of engineering layout studies to evaluate system performance. c。为那些需要进行乘用车雨刮刮刷面积校核的工程设计人员，提供统一的专业术语 编编 号号应用范围：应用范围： 乘用车 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 Q/JQ 5200-2006 第第 3 3 页页标题：标题： 乘用车前风窗刮水系统 共共 2525 页页 和系统的评价能力 d. Guides for the design and location of components of the systems for function, servicing of the system, etc. d。针对设计和功能，为设计人员的整改提供系统的和正确的方法,等等。 The test procedures and minimum performance standards, outlined in this document, are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield wiping system performance are developed. 本文件中概略说明的性能标准，都是建立在现有的基础上。随着汽车行业的发展， 乘用车雨刮刮刷面积性能校核标准也将随之发生改变，所以本文件的内容都有改动和更 新的可能，使用者应以本文件的最新版本为准。 2.2. ReferencesReferences 2.2. 叁考叁考 2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。所有标准都 会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标淮最新版本的可能性 2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATION Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J941 Motor Vehicle Drivers Eye Location 2.1.1 本版SAE 可用到的其他 SAE章节 ， 400 共和国驾车， Warrendale ， PA 15096-0001.SAE J941- 机动车辆驾驶的眼睛位置 2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONS Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. ASTM D 518 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration Surface Coating ASTM D 1171 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration Surface Ozone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber(Triangular Specimens) 2.1.2 美国材料试验学会出版可用到的来自美国材料试验学会的标准， 100 Barr 港 驾车,西的 Conshohocken ， PA 19428-2959. 美国材料试验学会 D 518橡皮恶化的测试方法- 表面硬化 编编 号号应用范围：应用范围： 乘用车 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 Q/JQ 5200-2006 第第 4 4 页页标题：标题： 乘用车前风窗刮水系统 共共 2525 页页 美国材料试验学会 D 1171橡皮恶化的测试方法- 表面氧化空气(三角形的样品) 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this document. 2.2 相关的出版- 下列各项出版物的一些内容由于本文件的引用，而成为本文件必需部 份。 2.2.1 SAE PUBLICATIONS Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J680 Location and Operation of Instruments and Controls in Motor Truck Cabs SAE J687 Nomenclature Truck, Bus, Trailer 2.2.1 SAE 依据- 可得的从 SAE ， 400 共和国驾车， Warrendale ， PA 15096-0001. SAE J680- 工具和在货车出租汽车的控制位置和操作 SAE J687- 命名法- 卡车，公共汽车,拖车 3.3. DefinitionsDefinitions 3.3. 定义定义 3.13.1 WindshieldWindshield WiperWiper SystemSystem The wiper system consists of all the apparatus for cleaning the exterior surface of windshield glazing, together with the necessary devices and controls to start and stop operation. 3.1 雨刮系统- 雨刮系统为清洁挡风玻璃外部表面的所有的装置设备, 连同控制其开始 和停止运动所必需的所有装置。 3.23.2 WiperWiper BladeBlade A device for cleaning the effective wiper pattern, capable of receiving tip load exerted by an arm, comprising a suitable superstructure, and supporting and controlling a wiper blade element. 3.2 雨刮片- 使雨刮具有清洁功能的装置, 由于其顶端受力而具有象手臂一样的工作能 力，包含一个适当的上部构造, 而且支援和控制一个雨刮片元件。 3.33.3 WiperWiper BladeBlade ElementElement The resilient member of the wiper blade that contacts the windshield glazing surface. 3.3 雨刮片元件- 由于弹性原件的作用而使刮片紧贴在挡风玻璃外表面上。 3.43.4 WiperWiper ArmArm A device to interconnect the wiper blade and the output shaft of the wiper motor linkage assembly. The wiper arm has the dual function of: a. Maintaining the wiper blade into its desired position throughout the wipe 编编 号号应用范围：应用范围： 乘用车 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 Q/JQ 5200-2006 第第 5 5 页页标题：标题： 乘用车前风窗刮水系统 共共 2525 页页 pattern b. Exerting a load onto the wiper blade sufficient for its function 3.4 雨刮臂-在雨挂电机和雨刮片之间起连接和传动的机械总成。雨刷臂有双重功能: a 保证雨刮片可以到达它擦拭范围内任意地点功能 b 向雨刮片施加一个适当的压力在使雨刮充分的发挥其清洁功能。 3.53.5 LinkageLinkage AssemblyAssembly The multi-component member that connects to the wiper arm(s) (where applicable) to transmit its action into accurate motion for driving the wiper arm(s). 3.5 连杆机构-确定雨刮臂安装位置(s)( 适当的位置) 、控制雨刮臂保持正确运动轨迹、 由多组连杆组成的机构。 3.63.6 WiperWiper ControlControl Valve/SwitchValve/Switch The manually actuated mechanism that allows passage of pneumatic or electrical signal to the wiper motor for activating the wiper system into its various operating or non-operating modes. 3.6 雨刷控制阀/开关-用手动控制允许空气通过的机构或控制雨刷电机完成雨刷系统进 行各种不同操作或非操作的模拟电信号。 3.73.7 WipedWiped AreaArea The specific areas on the windshield glazing surface which shall be covered by the effective wiper pattern. These areas were developed as being compatible with viewing requirements necessary to operate a passenger car, light truck, or multipurpose vehicle. 3.7 刮刷面积-雨刷在工作过程中所清洁的挡风玻璃外部表面的面积。 这些面积被认定为在驾驶客车、轻型货车和多用途车辆时驾驶员可以看到的并必须看到 的区域。 3.83.8 EyellipseEyellipse A statistical representation of the drivers eye location in a motor vehicle, as defined in 4.1.5 of SAE J941 (latest version) regarding head turn. For the purpose of this document, the head turn consideration in 4.1.5 of SAE J941 will not be used. For individual-type passenger car seats, use A.2.2 of Appendix A of SAE J941. 3.8 眼椭圆- 驾驶员在机动车辆内眼睛位置的统计结果, 详细定义在SAE J941(最新版 本)的4.1.5关于头的转动一章中。 关于眼椭圆需要考虑的事项, 在 旧版SAE J941 中 的 4.1.5头部旋转中没有。 对于家庭小型的乘用车辆, 参照SAE J941附件A.2.2。 3.93.9 EffectiveEffective WipeWipe PatternPattern That portion of the wet windshield glazing surface which is cleared when the wiper blade travels through a cycle with system on highest frequency. Minimum Wiped Area is defined in 4.1.1. 编编 号号应用范围：应用范围： 乘用车 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 Q/JQ 5200-2006 第第 6 6 页页标题：标题： 乘用车前风窗刮水系统 共共 2525 页页 3.9 有效刮刷面积-在雨刮以最高的频率完成一个循环时，雨刮片刮刷挡风玻璃外表面 的面积。 最小刮刷面积定义在 4.1.1中。 3.103.10 CycleCycle A cycle shall consist of wiper blade movement during system operation from one extreme of the wiper pattern to the other extreme and return. 3.10 循环-循环是雨刮片在两个极端之间进行往复的循环运动。 3.113.11 TandemTandem PatternPattern The pattern produced by the wiper blades moving in the same direction across the windshield glazing surface simultaneously. See Figure 1. 3.11 相同模式- 雨刮系统的两个雨刮片保持一样的运动势态紧贴挡风玻璃外表面进行 运动。 见到图 1 。 3.123.12 OpposedOpposed PatternPattern The pattern produced by the wiper blades moving in opposite directions across the windshield glazing surface simultaneously. See Figure 2. 3.12 相反模式- 雨刮系统的两个雨刮片保持相反的运动势态紧贴挡风玻璃外表面进行 运动。 见到图 2 。 FIGURE 1 TANDEM PATTERN 图 1- 纵排的式样 编编 号号应用范围：应用范围： 乘用车 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 Q/JQ 5200-2006 第第 7 7 页页标题：标题： 乘用车前风窗刮水系统 共共 2525 页页 FIGURE 2 OPPOSED PATTERN 图 2- 反对的式样 3.133.13 SingleSingle ArmArm PatternPattern The pattern produced by a single wiper blade moving across the windshield glazing surface. a. Single Arm (see Figure 3.) b. Single Extending Arm (see Figure 4.) 3.13 独臂模式-只有一个单一雨刷片紧贴挡风玻璃外表面进行运动。 a。 单臂 (见到图 3.) b。 单延伸臂 (见到图 4.) FIGURE 3 SINGLE ARM PATTERN 图 3-单臂 编编 号号应用范围：应用范围： 乘用车 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 Q/JQ 5200-2006 第第 8 8 页页标题：标题： 乘用车前风窗刮水系统 共共 2525 页页 FIGURE 4 SINGLE EXTENDING ARM 图 4-单延伸臂 3.143.14 ChatterChatter Irregular movement of the wiper blade usually accompanied by temporary visible radial lines and/ornoise. 3.14噪音-噪音通常伴随着雨刷的不规则运动导致刮片与玻璃的明显摩擦。 3.153.15 BallooningBallooning Unwiped areas within the wipe pattern, varying in size and usually round. 3.15 圆周运动- 雨刮刮扫的范围，其轨迹通常圆型。 3.163.16 StreakingStreaking Fine arcuate lines of unwiped moisture within the wipe pattern. 3.16 轨迹- 雨刮刮扫潮湿的玻璃，会在玻璃的刮扫的范围内留下美丽的弓形线条。 3.173.17 ScallopingScalloping Uneven wipe at the outer periphery of the pattern. 3.17 扇型边- 由于雨刮运动不平顺而在其刮扫边界上留下的图形。 3.183.18 LaceLace CurtainCurtain A maze of fine water droplets which are formed after the wiper blade passes over the windshield glazing surface. 3.18 水帘- 雨刮刮扫过后，在挡风玻璃外表面上由细小的水珠形成的图案。 3.193.19 HazingHazing An aerated film spread by the blade and resulting in a transient trailing band on the windshield glazing surface. 3.19 水膜-雨刮刮扫过后，在挡风玻璃外表面上由于空气进入水中而形成的一层彩色水 膜。 3.203.20 SnowSnow LoadLoad The load imposed on the wiper system by the accumulation of packed snow, resulting in a limitation of blade travel. 3.20 雪负荷- 由于挡风玻璃外表面上存在积雪，导致雨刮片的运动受到阻碍。 3.21 Motor Stall Torque The maximum torque that the motor can maintain for two cycles at specified conditions. 3.21 电动机停转转矩- 电动机能在指定的状态下为二行程维持的最大扭矩。 编编 号号应用范围：应用范围： 乘用车 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 Q/JQ 5200-2006 第第 9 9 页页标题：标题： 乘用车前风窗刮水系统 共共 2525 页页 3.22 System Torque Torque necessary to overcome friction of the wiper blade(s) and the driving mechanism under the specified conditions. 3.22系统扭矩在指定的状态之下，克服雨刷片与玻璃间的摩擦和传动机构自身的磨擦 所必须的扭矩。 3.23 Damp Dry The condition of the windshield which produces the highest friction during the transition from a wet to a dry surface. 3.23 干的湿气-在玻璃由湿到干这一过程中挡风玻璃产生最大摩擦力。 3.24 Moisture Atmospheric water precipitation in liquid, semi-liquid, or frozen (snow) state. 3.24 冻结- 大气中的水份凝结成水珠, 或冻结的 (雪) 情况。 3.25 Relative Air Speed The vector difference of vehicle speed and the component of the wind speed parallel tothe direction of travel of the vehicle. 3.25 空气的相对速度- 由于车辆运动而使风产生与车速大小相等、方向相反的运动。 3.26 Daylight Opening (DLO) The term DLO refers to the maximum unobstructed opening through thewindshield aperture, with reveal or garnish moldings adjoining the glazing surface installed normal to glass surface. 3.26 间隙(DLO) - DLO 提及挡风玻璃与其周边安装件间不被阻隔的最大空隙，此空隙 是由于挡风玻璃的外表面并不像普通玻璃那样是个平面而是曲面产生的。 3.273.27 FunctionFunction Ability of the wiper system to clear the specified area of the windshield when the system is operated in accordance with the vehicle manufacturers instructions. 3.27 功能-是在驾驶员进行正确指导操作的时候，雨刷系统有清洗挡风玻璃指定区域的 能力。 3.28 Multi-Piece Windshield A windshield consisting of two or more windshield glazing surface areas. 3.28 多块挡风玻璃- 挡风玻璃是由两块或许多块的挡风玻璃外表面组成的。 3.29 Oversweeping The travel of the wiper blade beyond the limits of the wipe pattern established under high speed wet operation, associated with wiper blade making contact with moldings, masking, or framing. 3.29 刮扫面积-在确定的运动模式下雨刮刮片在潮湿玻璃上极限运动位置连线，所形成 的包络面积。 3.30 Flip Over A characteristic of the wiper blade wherein the lip of the 编编 号号应用范围：应用范围： 乘用车 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 Q/JQ 5200-2006 第第 1010 页页标题：标题： 乘用车前风窗刮水系统 共共 2525 页页 blade flexes (flips over) to its opposite position when the direction of the blade travel reverses. 3.30 极限位置-雨刷片的特征位置 , 雨刷的刮片在玻璃上运动，当他的运动方向发生 瞬间改变时的位置 3.31 Rubber Deposit A deterioration of the wiping element characterized by particles of rubber adhering to the glazing surface sufficient to form a visual or non-visual area of high friction material. If permitted to remain,operation of the wiper blade across such areas causes further deterioration. 3.31 胶条磨损- 雨刷的刮片胶条由于在玻璃表面的往复运动产生磨损而使其摩擦系数 增大。 如果使这种情况继续，将会促使雨刮刮片的刮扫效果足渐恶化 3.32 Cycles per Minute Speed of the wiper system measured by the number of complete operations from one extremity of the wipe pattern to the opposite extremity and return within 1 min. 3.32 刮刷频率- 在1 分钟内雨刮所能完成往返运动的完全操作次数。 3.33 Windlift Any wind force lifting arm and blade from windshield, typically at high vehicle speeds and characterized by unwiped areas in the wipe pattern. 3.33 风阻- 由于风引起的在挡风玻璃上阻碍雨刮臂正常运动的任何力量, 主要影响因 素为车辆运行速度和挡风玻璃外表面的固有形状。 3.34 Attack Angle The angular relationship in which the tip of the wiper arm, at the attachment for the wiper blade, is presented to the glazing surface at any point throughout the wipe pattern. The sign of the attack angle is determined by looking from the tip of the wiper blade to the heel. From this perspective, a counterclockwise rotation from the windshield surface normal to the blade centerline is positive and a clockwise rotation is negative. (See Figure 5.) 3.34 渐进角- 雨刷臂刮片与挡风玻璃外表面所成角度, 雨刷臂在运动过程中，其刮片 在挡风玻璃上的任何一个投影点到雨刷臂上表面的垂线与挡风玻璃在此点的法线所形成 的夹角。 由此可知当雨刮在挡风玻璃外表面上成反时针方向运动时，渐进角会增大雨 刮刮片压紧力，而当雨刮在挡风玻璃外表面上成正时针方向运动时，渐进角会减小雨刮 刮片压紧力。(见到图 5 )。 编编 号号应用范围：应用范围： 乘用车 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 Q/JQ 5200-2006 第第 1111 页页标题：标题： 乘用车前风窗刮水系统 共共 2525 页页 FIGURE 5 View from Blad Tip to Heel 图 5- 从雨刮顶端方向的视图 3.35 Tip Load Amount of “arm load” as applied to blade against glazing surface; the force transmitted by the arm to the blade. 3.35刮片预紧- 在雨刮臂的安装时就给雨刮片施加一个相对于玻璃的压力。 3.36 Arc or Arcuate Wiper Arm A wiper arm that maintains a fixed attitude between the arm and blade throughout the wipe pattern. 3.36弓型雨刷臂-雨刷臂在任何运动位置，刮臂和刮片之间都维持着一种固定形状。 3.37 Articulate A windshield wiper system having a specially designed wiper arm with dual extensions restrained to separate base points. The dual arm allows the blade to swivel near the outer extremity of the wipe pattern,thereby enlarging the overall wipe pattern. 3.37 灵活性- 雨刮机构为了提高其工作的灵活性特别设计了一种具有双重延长的的雨 刮臂结构。 双重延长的雨刮臂允许刮片在刮刷样件外表面的雨刮极限位置附近旋转,藉 此扩大样件的刮刷面积。 3.38 Pantograph A windshield wiper system having a specially designed wiper arm with dual extensions restrained to separate base points that allows the attached wiper blade to remain essentially parallel throughout the wipe pattern, to that of the blade when in its mid-stroke position. 3.38 适应性-雨刷系统特别设计的双重延长雨刮臂结构，还有一个好处，就是它可以使 雨刮片在粗糙表面运动时保持平衡，使其在恶劣环境下，雨挂片始终在样件外表面保持 最大的接触面积。 3.393.39 HeelHeel The end of the blade closest to the output shaft. 3.39 根部- 雨刮片接近输出轴那端。 编编 号号应用范围：应用范围： 乘用车 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 Q/JQ 5200-2006 第第 1212 页页标题：标题： 乘用车前风窗刮水系统 共共 2525 页页 3.403.40 TipTip The end of the blade furthest from the output shaft. 3.40 顶端- 雨刮片远离输出轴那端。 4.4. GeneralGeneral PerformancePerformance 4.4. 基本功能基本功能 4.14.1 WindshieldWindshield WiperWiper SystemSystem 4.1 雨刷系统 4.1.1 VISION AREAS The vision areas are described by three specific areas on the exterior windshield glazing surface. The three areas are developed with the vehicle loaded to the manufacturers base design load and are identified in Table 1 as areas A, B, and C. Each area has been established using the angles of Table 1 applied as shown in Figure 6. In the side views, the upper and lower boundary of the area is established by the intersection of two planes, which are seen as lines tangent to the upper and lower edges of the eyellipse,with the windshield glazing surface. The planes are fixed by angles above and below the XX line. In the plan view, the left and right boundary of the area is established by the intersection of two vertical planes tangent to the left and right edges of the eyellipse with the windshield glazing surface. The planes are fixed by angles to the left and right of the XX line. The areas used in determining the percentage of wiped area are those areas on the exterior glazing surface which are not within 25 mm (1 in) of the edge of the daylight opening (pillars, division bar, header, etc.). The percentage is the ratio of the wiped area within the defined area to the defined area. Using test procedures established in 5.1, see Table 1 for percentages to be wiped. 4.1.1 透光区域-透光区域用挡风玻璃外表面上的三个特定区域来进行描述。 这三个面 积与车辆