六级冲刺阅读PPT课件

-,1,六级冲刺阅读,-,2,词汇小考,ambiguouscriticalvitalindispensableappealintrigueintelligenceinvestigationeliminatecomplexcatertoaccountforattachgreatimportancetoperspectivevulnerablealterinnocentabandonrevealobjectivegeneratecontroversialindifferentatmospheresubsequentenhanceinitiatelaunchrevenue,-,3,六级阅读考查什么？Aword-findinggame!六级学生需要什么？Vocabulary词汇Sentence长难句Passage篇章Theabilitytopositionandinterpret,tointerpret:todescribeitinadetailedwayortoputitinanotherway,e.g.criticalP10,-,4,A:SleepistheleastexpensiveiteminmyschedulewhenIworkaroundtheclock.B:What?/Excuseme?/Pardon?A:Oh,Imean,SleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenIambusydoingmywork.B:What?A:IwoulddoanythingelseratherthansleepwhenIambusy.,Whatisinterpretation?,-,5,A:Wow,itisafancycarwithremoteimmobilizer?B:Whatdoes“fancycar”mean?A:Oh,Imean,thecarisgreat,amazing,justlikethecarIvebeendreamingaboutallthetime.B:Thenwhatdoyoumeanby“remoteimmobilizer”?A:Well,itisakindofdevicethatcanbecontrolledfaraway,Imean,oncethethiefwhostealsthecarswitchestheengineoff,hewillnotbeabletostartitagain.,Whatisinterpretation?,-,6,31.Whatsthefunctionoftheremoteimmobilizerfittedtoacar?A)Tohelpthepolicemakeasurpriseattackonthecarthief.B)Toallowthecartolockautomaticallywhenstolen.C)Topreventthecarthieffromrestartingitonceitstops.D)Topreventcartheftbysendingaradiosignaltothecarowner.Thecarisfittedwitharemoteimmobiliser(锁止器),andaradiosignalfromacontrolcentremilesawaywillensurethatoncethethiefswitchestheengineoff,hewillnotbeabletostartitagain.(2003),-,7,34.Whydoesthetrackingsystemseta100-metreminimumbeforesendinganalarmtotheoperationscentre?A)Toleavetimefortheoperationscentretogiveanalarm.B)Tokeeppoliceinformedofthecarsmovements.C)Togivethedrivertimetocontacttheoperationscentre.D)ToallowforpossibleerrorsintheGPSsystem.Ifthecartravels100metreswithoutthedriverconfirmingtheirID,thesystemwillsendasignaltoanoperationscentrethatithasbeenstolen.ThehundredmetresminimumavoidsfalsealarmsduetoinaccuraciesintheGPSsignal.(2003),-,8,16.Accordingtothepassage,somepeoplestartedanationalassociationsoasto_.A)blockanylegislationtobantheprivatepossessionofthebombB)coordinatethemassproductionofthedestructiveweaponC)instructpeoplehowtokeepthebombsafeathomeD)promotethelarge-scalesaleofthisnewlyinventedweaponAssoonasitwasrevealedthatareporterforProgressivemagazinehaddiscoveredhowtomakeahydrogenbomb,agroupoffirearm(火器)fansformedtheNationalHydrogenBombAssociation,andtheyarenowlobbyingagainstanylegislationtostopAmericansfromowningone.,-,9,14.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalfawakeinorderto_.A)alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemyB)emergefromwaternowandthentobreatheC)besensitivetotheeverchangingenvironmentD)avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrentsUsefulashalfsleepingmightbe,itsonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammals(哺乳动物)asdolphins,whales,andseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.,-,10,31.TheworldsfirstworkerscompensationlawwasintroducedbyBismarck_.A)tomakeindustrialproductionsaferB)tospeedupthepaceofindustrializationC)outofreligiousandpoliticalconsiderationsD)forfearoflosingthesupportofthesocialistlabormovementMotivatedinpartbyChristiancompassion(怜悯)forthehelplessaswellasapracticalpoliticalimpulsetoundercutthesupportofthesocialistlabormovement,ChancellorBismarckcreatedtheworldsfirstworkerscompensationlawin1884.(P19),-,11,小练一个：A:Letmetellyousomething,heisagay.B:Whatsagay?A:Gayreferstoonepersonwhoishomosexual.B:Homosexual?A:Yeah,homosexualpersonlovesthepersonwiththesamesex.,-,12,Howaboutthefollowing?微波炉？音响？我很郁闷？IamnothappywiththewayIamrightnow.我会越来越爱你?Iwillloveyoumoreandmoreeachdayastimegoesby.Iwillloveyoumorethanyesterday,butlessthantomorrow.,-,13,基本题型,四选一快速阅读简答题,（skimmingandscanning）,-,14,四选一,一，题型特征20分钟/420-500字2篇/10题/20%权重二，题型设置1.细节题70%2.词汇题9%3.推断题8%4.主旨题9%5.态度题4%三，命题原则1，题文同序原则2，同意词转化原则,-,15,四.解题步骤：1，画出题目题干中关键词(大写，数字，引号，具体动作和事物以及不认识的专业名词等)2，利用关键词回原文逐段定位，找同义词与相同意群对比分析3，主旨态度题主要关注首末句和转折句等考点位置,-,16,五.八大出题点1，首末句2，转折句3，因果关系句4，结论表述句(实验或例子前后),but,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,yet;actually,while,although;unfortunately,infact,today,atpresent,nowadays,thetruthisonthecontrary,incontrast,because,since,inthat,thus,therefore,so,consequently,theconclusionis,theresultis,suggestthat,demonstrate,illustrate,indicate,present,reveal,pointout,-,17,八大出题点5，重点强调句6，绝对词和最高级7，列举排比8，长难句,important,critical,crucial,significant,vital,mainly,mostly,chiefly,primary,indispensable,majority,principal,essential,must,all,anyone,always,never,rarely,hardly;only,unique,simply,most+形容词,（连续提到3个或3个以上）,-,18,快速阅读,一，总体特征15分钟/1250-1400词/10题/10%权重快速阅读特点：文章较长，但观点鲜明，句子简单，例子要略读。最重要的技巧：题文同序。二，题型设置2006.122007.06:4(Y/N/NG)+6(填空)2007.122010.06:7(四选一)+3(填空)三，解题步骤1.阅读大小标题以及前面没有小标题的段落前几句,揣度文章大意，遇到例子直接跳读，小标题中内容暂且不读。2.用下划线标出每道题目中的关键词，如(大写，数字，引号，具体动作和事物以及不认识的专业名词等)。3.揣度关键词与原文前几段以及各个小标题的关联，准确定位关键词所在词句。4.正确答案为照抄，或简单同意替换。5.填空题注意用正确语法形式填写，如(时态，词性，人称转换，单复数等)。,-,19,简答题,一，总体特征5分钟/370-420词/5题/5%权重二，题型设置主观问答（1-2）；填空（3-4）三，解题步骤1，用下划线标出每道题目中的关键词2，在原文中找出关键词或者其近义词3，将文中相应位置相应答案摘抄下来4，运用语法知识检查答案的时态语态,-,20,四，解题技巧1，首末句转折句出题概率最大2，填空题做法参考快速阅读笔记3，主观问答题不需要写出问题中已有内容,但要注意语法现象。注意：语法错误扣0.5，单词数超10个扣0.5Q:Whatisyourname?A:frjj,-,21,e.g.JoeTemplershouldhaveknownbetter:afterall,heworksforalargeautoinsurancecompany.Itwonthurttoleavethekeyinthetruckthisonce,hethought,ashefilledhisgastankataselfservicegasstation.Butmomentslatterashewaspayingthemoneyhesawthetruckbeingdrivenaway.WhatdoestheauthorthinkJoeTemplershouldbeblamedfor?JoeTemplershouldbeblamedforleavingthekeyinthetruck.Leavethekeyinthetruck.Leavingthekeyinthetruck.,-,22,个人吐血大总结：题文同顺序先题而后文慧眼识题眼下划关键词扫视快定位先观而后例例子可略读对比知结构行文要快速同意相替换此项最重要主旨在首尾转折后关键,-,23,先观而后例，例子可略读Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫学家)MarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.,-,24,先观而后例，例子可略读Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned(使形成条件反射)micetoavoidsaccharin(糖精)bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderreexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAdersexperimentwasthat_.A)theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharinB)thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothemC)theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemindD)theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning,-,25,先观而后例，例子可略读Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolent(慈善的)orthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction-thefirmandthecustomer-andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?A)Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople.B)Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic.C)Consumerswithconservativetastesareoftendifficulttoplease.D)Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteoftheconsumer.,-,26,先观而后例，例子可略读Policymakersandindustryhavefouroptions:reducevehicleuse,increasetheefficiencyandreducetheemissionsofconventionalgasoline-poweredvehicles,switchtolessharmfulfuels,orfindlesspollutingdrivingsystems.Thelastoftheseinparticulartheintroductionofvehiclespoweredbyelectricityisultimatelytheonlysustainableoption.Theotheralternativesareattractiveintheorybutinpracticeareeitherimpracticalorofferonlymarginalimprovements.Forexample,reducedvehicleusecouldsolvetrafficproblemsandahostofsocialandenvironmentalproblems,butevidencefromaroundtheworldsuggeststhatitisverydifficulttomakepeoplegiveuptheircarstoanysignificantextent.IntheU.S.,mass-transitridershipandcarpooling(合伙用车)havedeclinedsinceWorldWarII.EveninWesternEurope,withfuelpricesaveragingmorethan$1aliter(about$4agallon)andwitheasilyaccessiblemasstransitanddensepopulations,carsstillaccountfor80percentofallpassengertravel.,-,27,先观而后例，例子可略读Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.Inthenameofhumannature,forexample,Aristotleandmostthinkersuptotheeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.Orinordertoprovetherationalityandnecessityofthecapitalistformofsociety,scholarshavetriedtomakeacaseforacquisitiveness,competitiveness,andselfishnessasinnate(天生的)humantraits.Popularly,onereferscynicallyto“humannature”inacceptingtheinevitabilityofsuchundesirablehumanbehaviorasgreed,murder,cheatingandlying.33.TheauthormentionedAristotle,agreatancientthinker,inorderto_.A)emphasizethathecontributedalottodefiningtheconceptof“humannature”B)showthattheconceptof“humannature”wasusedtojustifysocialevilsC)provethathehadaprofoundinfluenceontheconceptof“humannature”D)supporttheideathatsomehumantraitsareacquired另外一个有助于推翻人性本恶假设的因素是人性本恶这个概念经常被作为人类不良甚至犯罪行为的挡箭牌。提到人性时，人们总是会接受承认人类不良行为诸如贪婪，杀害，欺骗撒谎等的不可避免性（根源性）。,-,28,对比知结构，行文要快速有验证地去猜测阅读,Theemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountrysprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertainnegotiations,andcanhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefendoff(挡开)illness,andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthmorelikely.Payattentiontotheresumeformatyouusechronologicalorreverse-chronologicalorder.Chronologicalordermeanslistingyouroldestworkexperiencefirst.,Reverse-chronologicalordermeanslistingyourcurrentormostrecentexperiencefirst.,-,29,Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents(答问卷者)listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.,ratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.,-,30,Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.,30.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroads？A）Theycannotbeappliedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles（环形交叉口）.B）Theytendtobeignoredbydriversinashortperiodoftime.C）TheyarefallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.D）Theyareapplicableonlyonbroadroads,-,31,Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.,-,32,Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫学家)MarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.11.Laudenslagersexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity_.A)wasstrengthenedB)wasnotaffectedC)wasalteredD)wasweakened,-,33,Stressthatyoucanmanagemayalsoboostimmune(免疫的)function.InastudyattheAcademicCenterforDentistryinAmsterdam,researchersputvolunteersthroughtwostressfulexperiences.Inthefirst,atimedtaskthatrequiredmemorizingalistfollowedbyashorttest,subjectsbelievedtheyhadcontrolovertheoutcome.Inthesecond,theywerentincontrol:Theyhadtositthroughagory(血淋淋的)videoonsurgicalprocedures.ThosewhodidwellonthememorytesthadanincreaseinlevelsofimmunoglobulinA,anantibodythatsthebodysfirstlineofdefenseagainstgerms.Thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibody.34.IntheexperimentdescribedinParagraph3,thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibodybecause_.A)thevideowasnotenjoyableatallB)theoutcomewasbeyondtheircontrolC)theyknewlittleaboutsurgicalproceduresD)theyfeltnopressurewhilewatchingthevideo,-,34,四选一：,开门见山式柳暗花明式,主旨通常在首末句+第一段末句+第二段首句,infer、know、learn、imply、because、why、reason、whichofthefollowing因果关系上注意“以偏概全”错误,选直接干脆，不选暧昧positivenegativeneutralindifferentapprovingdisapprovingfavorableinfavorablepig-headedenthusiasticcriticalsuspicioustolerantrealistic,相邻句子法+其他大法,Mainideamainlyaboutfocusonarguesumupsummarizebesttitlewritingpurposewritingintention,-,35,六级阅读词汇（Fromthecontext）,-,36,根据定义复述猜测词义,Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.Semantics，thestudyofthemeaningofwords，isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.Capacitance，ortheabilitytostoreelectriccharge，isoneofthemostcommoncharacteristicsofelectroniccircuits.KrabasuffersfromSAD，whichisshortforseasonalaffectivedisorder，asyndromecharacterizedbysevereseasonalmoodswings.,-,37,真题：Perfectionistsstruggleoverlittlethingsatthecostofsomethinglargertheyworktoward.27.Theword“perfectionists”(Para.3,Line)referstothosewho_.A)demandotherstogeteverythingabsolutelyrightB)knowhowtoadjusttheirgoalsaccordingtothecircumstancesC)paytoomuchattentiontodetailsonlytolosetheirmajorobjectivesD)arecapableofachievingperfectresultsinwhatevertheydo,根据定义复述猜测词义,-,38,根据对比关系猜测词义,AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother，incontrast，isquitehumbleandmodest.Agoodsupervisorcanrecognizeinstantlytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones.Greenlovestotalk，andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.,Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.26.Theword“liability”(Para.1,Line5)mostprobablymeans“.”A)misfortuneC)disadvantageB)instabilityD)burden,Behavioralengineershavefoundthatthereareallsortsofreasonsusuallyunstated.Thesearesomeofthemostpopular.Itssafertobethrownfromacarthantrapped.AccordingtoE.ScottGeller,thatsafaultyargument.“Infact”,hesays,“beingthrownfromacaristwenty-fivetimesmoredangerousthanbeingtrapped”.27.Theword“trapped”(Para.3,Line3)meanstobe_.A)heldupinatrafficjamB)confinedinthecarC)caughtinanaccidentD)pulledintoacar,-,39,根据因果关系猜测词义,Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.ThereweresomanydemonstratorsintheRedSquarethathehadtoelbowhiswaythroughthecrowd.,-,40,根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义,Althoughheoftenhadtheopportunity，Mr.Trittwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldhaveendangeredhispositionatthebank，andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.,-,41,根据并列关系猜测词义,“Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy,”Thiswayeveryonerankshighonhisownscale.23.Theword“courtesy”(Para.4,line6)probablymeans_.A)goodmannersB)appropriatespeechC)friendlyrelationsD)satisfactoryservice,-,42,根据解释说明猜测词义,Intelligence,itturnsout,ismultifacetedandmarvelous;itincludespersonalcharacteristics,creativityskillsandintellectualcapabilitiesthatshowuponnotest.39.“Multifaceted”(Para.3,Line6)probablymeans_.A)havingmanyaspectsB)havingmanyabilitiesC)havingmanyskillsD)havingmanyuses,Childreninsomecountries“learntimeslowly”because“theydontwearwatches”and“parentsdontreallyknowhowtoteachthemtime”.Thekidsgrowupwiththishandicapandbecomeadultsandthencantgettoworkontime.38.Theword“handicap”(Para.1,Line4)means_.A)displeasureB)discouragementC)disappointmentD)disadvantage,Newtechnologylinkstheworldasneverbefore.Ourplanethasshrunk.Itsnowa“globalvillage”wherecountriesareonlysecondsawaybyfaxorphoneorsatellitelink.,-,43,根据构词法猜测词义,Hefellintoaditchandlaythere,semiconscious,forafewminutes.Insecticideisappliedwhereitisneeded.Growingeconomicproblemswerehighlightedbyas