Understanding Groups and Teams 15(ppt 23页).ppt

PowerPointPresentationbyCharlieCookCopyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,152,LEARNINGOUTLINEFollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter.,UnderstandingGroupsDefinethedifferenttypesofgroups.Describethefivestageofgroupdevelopment.ExplainingWorkGroupBehaviorExplainthemajorcomponentsthatdeterminegroupperformanceandsatisfaction.Discusshowroles,norms,conformity,statussystems,groupsize,andgroupcohesivenessinfluencegroupbehavior.Tellhowgroupnormscanbothhelpandhurtanorganization.Definegroupthinkandsocialloafing.,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,153,LEARNINGOUTLINE(contd)FollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter.,ExplainingWorkGroupBehavior(contd)Describetherelationshipsbetweengroupcohesivenessandproductivity.Discusshowconflictmanagementinfluencesgroupbehavior.Telltheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofgroupdecisionmaking.CreatingEffectiveTeamsComparegroupsandteamsExplainwhyteamshavebecomesopopular.Describethefourmostcommontypesofteams.Listthecharacteristicsofeffectiveteams.,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,154,UnderstandingGroups,GroupTwoormoreinteractingandinterdependentindividualswhocometogethertoachieveparticulargoals.FormalgroupsWorkgroupsdefinedbytheorganizationsstructurethathavedesignatedworkassignmentsandtasks.Appropriatebehaviorsaredefinedbyanddirectedtowardorganizationalgoals.InformalgroupsGroupsthatareindependentlyformedtomeetthesocialneedsoftheirmembers.,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,155,StagesinGroupDevelopment,FormingMembersjoinandbegintheprocessofdefiningthegroupspurpose,structure,andleadership.StormingIntragroupconflictoccursasindividualsresistcontrolbythegroupanddisagreeoverleadership.NormingCloserelationshipsdevelopasthegroupbecomescohesiveandestablishesitsnormsforacceptablebehavior.,PerformingAfullyfunctionalgroupstructureallowsthegrouptofocusonperformingthetaskathand.AdjourningThegrouppreparestodisbandandisnolongerconcernedwithhighlevelsofperformance.,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,156,WorkGroupBehavior,InternalVariablesAffectingGroupBehaviorTheindividualabilitiesofthegroupsmembersThesizeofthegroupThelevelofconflictTheinternalpressuresonmemberstoconformothegroupsnorms,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,157,ConditionsAffectingGroupBehavior,External(Organizational)ConditionsOverallstrategyAuthoritystructuresFormalregulationsAvailableorganizationalresourcesEmployeeselectioncriteriaPerformancemanagement(appraisal)systemOrganizationalcultureGeneralphysicallayout,InternalGroupVariablesIndividualcompetenciesandtraitsofmembersGroupstructureSizeofthegroupCohesivenessandthelevelofintragroupconflictInternalpressuresonmemberstoconformothegroupsnorms,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,158,GroupStructure,RoleThesetofexpectedbehaviorpatternsattributedtosomeonewhooccupiesagivenpositioninasocialunitthatassistthegroupintaskaccomplishmentormaintaininggroupmembersatisfaction.Roleconflict:experiencingdifferingroleexpectationsRoleambiguity:uncertaintyaboutroleexpectations,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,159,GroupStructure(contd),NormsAcceptablestandardsorexpectationsthataresharedbythegroupsmembers.CommontypesofnormsEffortandperformanceOutputlevels,absenteeism,promptness,socializingDressLoyalty,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,1510,GroupStructure(contd),ConformityIndividualsconforminordertobeacceptedbygroups.Grouppressurescanhaveaneffectonanindividualmembersjudgmentandattitudes.Theeffectofconformityisnotasstrongasitoncewas,althoughstillapowerfulforce.GroupthinkTheextensivepressureofothersinastronglycohesiveorthreatenedgroupthatcausesindividualmemberstochangetheiropinionstoconformtothatofthegroup.,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,1511,GroupStructure(contd),StatusSystemTheformalorinformalprestigegrading,position,orrankingsystemformembersofagroupthatservesasrecognitionforindividualcontributionstothegroupandasabehavioralmotivator.Formalstatussystemsareeffectivewhentheperceivedrankingofanindividualandthestatussymbolsaccordedthatindividualarecongruent.,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,1512,GroupStructure:GroupSize,SmallgroupsCompletetasksfasterthanlargergroups.Makemoreeffectiveuseoffacts.LargegroupsSolveproblemsbetterthansmallgroups.AregoodforgettingdiverseinputAremoreeffectiveinfact-finding.,SocialLoafingThetendencyforindividualstoexpendlesseffortwhenworkingcollectivelythanwhenworkindividually,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,1513,GroupStructure(contd),GroupCohesivenessThedegreetowhichmembersareattractedtoagroupandsharethegroupsgoals.Highlycohesivegroupsaremoreeffectiveandproductivethanlesscohesivegroupswhentheirgoalsalignedwithorganizationalgoals.,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,1514,GroupProcesses:GroupDecisionMaking,AdvantagesGeneratesmorecompleteinformationandknowledge.GeneratesmorediversealternativesIncreasesacceptanceofasolutionIncreaseslegitimacyofdecision,DisadvantagesTimeconsumingMinoritydominationPressurestoconformAmbiguousresponsibility,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,1515,GroupProcesses:ConflictManagement,ConflictTheperceivedincompatibledifferencesinagroupresultinginsomeformofinterferencewithoroppositiontoitsassignedtasks.Traditionalview:conflictmustitavoided.Humanrelationsview:conflictisanaturalandinevitableoutcomeinanygroup.Interactionistview:conflictcanbeapositiveforceandisabsolutelynecessaryforeffectivegroupperformance.,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,1516,GroupProcesses:ConflictManagement(contd),CategoriesofConflictFunctionalconflictsareconstructive.Dysfunctionconflictsaredestructive.TypesofConflictTaskconflict:contentandgoalsoftheworkRelationshipconflict:interpersonalrelationshipsProcessconflict:howtheworkgetsdone,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,1517,GroupProcesses:ConflictManagement(contd),TechniquestoReduceConflict:AvoidanceAccommodationForcingCompromiseCollaboration,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,1518,GroupTasks,Highlycomplexandinterdependenttasksrequire:Effectivecommunications:discussionamonggroupmembers.Controlledconflict:Moreinteractionamonggroupmembers.,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,1519,AdvantagesofUsingTeams,Teamsoutperformindividuals.Teamsprovideawaytobetteruseemployeetalents.Teamsaremoreflexibleandresponsive.Teamscanbequicklyassembled,deployed,refocused,anddisbanded.,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,1520,WhatIsaTeam?,WorkTeamAgroupwhosemembersworkintenselyonaspecificcommongoalusingtheirpositivesynergy,individualandmutualaccountability,andcomplementaryskills.TypesofTeamsProblem-solvingteamsSelf-managedworkteamsCross-functionalteamsVirtualteams,Copyright2005PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.,1521,TypesofTeams,Problem-solvingTeamsEmployeesfromthesamedepartmentandfunctionalareawhoareinvolvedineffortstoimproveworkactivitiesortosolvespecificproblemsSelf-managedWorkTeamsAformalgroupofemployeeswhooperate