必修五-Unit-Greatscientists(1).ppt

Unit1GreatscientistsReading,Pre-reading,1.Whatimpressesyoumostin2003?,WhichpersonimpressesyoumostduringtheSARS?,Whatotherinfectiousdiseasesdoyouknow?,Forexample:Whenyoueatsomefoodthatisnotfresh,Youmayfeel,Maybeyouhavegot_.,Cholera,drawaconclusion,thinkofamethod,collectresults,makeaquestion,findaproblem,analysetheresults,findsupportingevidence,findaproblem,makeaquestion,thinkofamethod,collectresults,analysetheresults,drawaconclusion,Howtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?,findsupportingevidence,JohnSnowdefeats“Kingcholera”,Reading,JohnSnowdefeats“kingcholera”,Whatcanyoulearnfromthetitle?,人物：事件：,defeatscholera,WhoisJohnSnow?,Whathappenedtothem?,QueenVictoria,JohnSnow约翰.斯诺(18131858),英国麻醉学家、流行病专家。他首次提出了预防霍乱的措施。1854年,伦敦霍乱流行,斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况,寻找到他们的共同行为模式,发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的关系,由于及时切断了二者的联系,有效制止了霍乱的流行。,Fouroutbreaksofcholerainthe1830sand1840skilledmanypeopleinEngland.In1854,“themostterribleoutbreakofcholerawhicheveroccurredinthekingdom”began.Itwassoviolentandsuddenthat127peoplediedinthefirstthreedays.,Theterriblecholera,Bacteria/germsofcholera,Whatwasthecauseofthisillness?HowdidJohnSnowfinditout?,Skimthetextandfindthemainideaofthetext.,Thepassageismainlyabout:_,HowJohnSnowfoundthecauseofthecholeraanddefeatedit.,Fastreading:,Readthepassagequicklyandfindthenumberbelowandtherelevanthappeningsinthepassage.,Thefirstsuggestedthatmultipliedintheair;Thesecondsuggestedabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.,AnotheroutbreakhitLondon.,Morethan500peoplehaddiedin10days.,ThesenumbersinBroadStreetnearthewaterpumphadmanyofthedeaths,20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreethadnodeaths.TheydidntdrinkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.,Thesefamiliesworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.,16,37,20,8,9,pump,38,40,BROADSTREET,CAMBRIDGESTREET,21,JohnSnowsCholeraMap,7,Pub,Whatistheproblem?,Thecholerawasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.,Whatcausedcholera?,Makeaquestion:Whichtheorytobelievein?,Idea1,Idea2,Choleramultipliedintheairwithoutreason.Acloudofdangerousgaswouldfloatarounduntilitfounditsvictims.,Peopleabsorbeditwiththeirmeals.,Whichonedoyoubelievemore?WhataboutJohnSnow?,AmapofBroadStreet,Whatmethoddidheuse?,BroadStreet,Manydeathshappenedhere.,Nodeathhappenedhere.,Itseemedthewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.Whatdidhedonext?,Publichouse,(Para6)Whatwasanothersupportingevidence?,(Para5)Helookedintothesourceofthewater,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.,Readthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened.,JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.,AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.,Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.,JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.,2,1,4,7,Carefulreading:,KingCholerawasdefeated.,Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.,Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.,JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.,3,8,5,6,Whatcausedcholera?,Whichtheoryiscorrect?,Collectdataonthosewhowereillordiedandwheretheygottheirwater.,Fillintheblanks.,Plotinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie.,Analysethewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness.,Findotherevidencetosupporttheanalysis.,Thewateristoblame.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexaminedsothatitissafe.,Matchthem,Para7,PreventionofCholera,1.JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?,JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater.,Readandanswerthequestions.,2.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap?Giveareason.,No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythosehouseholdsthathadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.,3.Cholerawasa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday?,Fourdiseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARS,AIDS,TB(肺结核)andbird-flu,becausetheyarebothveryserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.,1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat_.thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwaterB.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondonC.thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexaminedD.JohnSnowdidsomeresearchandhelpedtosolve“KingCholera”,Choosethebestanswer.,D,2.WhatwasthekeyhelpforJohnSnowsdiscovery?A.Thegovernment.B.ThewomanmovingawayfromBroadStreet.C.Thewatercompany.D.Themapmadebyhimself.,D,Summary,JohnSnowwasawell-known_inLondoninthe_century.Hewantedtofindthe_ofcholerainorderto_it.In1854whenacholera_out,hebegantogatherinformation.,doctor,19th,cause,defeat,broke,He_onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe_died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe_ofallwatersupplybe_andnewmethodsof_withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.,marked,pump,source,examined,dealing,Whatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylifeinordernottogetinfectedwithcholera?,Heatthefoodleftovernight,Cookrawfoodthoroughly,Washhandsoften,Keepawayfromflies,choosefreshseafood,Keepthekitchenclean,Disposerubbishproperly.,Drinkboiledwater,Discussion,1.knowabout了解有关的情况,knowof听说过,1)有些事我想了解一下。,ThereissomethingIwanttoknowabout.,2)我听说过那件事,但不很清楚。,Iknowofit,butIdidntknowitwell.,Languagepoints,2.conclude:v.作结论,断定Thejuryconcludedthathewasguilty.陪审团认定他有罪。toconclude:总而言之,总之Toconclude,Iwanttothankyouforyourhelp.conclusion:n.结论,得出结论,arriveatdraw/reachcometo,aconclusion,1)那些都是事实,你能从中得出什么结论?,Thosearethefacts;whatdoyouconcludefromthem?,2)我得出结论你在说谎。,Icameto/drew/reachedtheconclusionthatyouwerelying.,3)根据这些事实,我们能对金字塔是如何建成的得出一些结论。,Fromthesefacts,wecandrawsomeconclusionsabouthowthepyramidswerebuilt.,3.defeatv./n.Hedefeatedthechampioninthreesets.Hiswordscompletelydefeatedme.ThePartyfacesdefeatintheelection.,击败,战胜,使困惑,win/beat/defeatwin“赢得,获胜”,后接奖品,奖金,名誉,财产beat“击败,战胜”,后接竞争队伍或者对手,敌人defeat“击败，战胜”,后接竞争队伍或者对手,敌人,(此用法同beat),疾病等。,1)Mary_thefirstplaceinthecompetition.2)Ourschool_theirschoolatfootball.3)I_Johnatchessyesterday.,won,beat/defeated,beat/defeated,4.JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon-soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.,约翰.斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生-他的确医术精湛,因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。,1)expertn.专家;高手;权威anagriculturalexpert农业专家anexpertwiththecomputer电脑高手,expert也可以作形容词,“熟练的;老练的;经验(或知识)丰富的”anexpertrider熟练的骑手anexpertopinion内行的意见,照看,照料如:,医生照看病人。,Thedoctorattended(on/upon)thepatients.,出席，到场如:attendschool上学attendalecture听讲座attendchurch去教堂attend(at)awedding出席婚礼,2)attendv.注意,留意如:,Wellattendtothesolutionofthatproblemlater.,attendto处理,办理我有许多事情要处理。照顾,照料先生,有人接待你吗？Areyoubeingattendedto?Ifyougoout,Illattendtothebaby.专心,注意Ifyoudontattendtotheteacher,youllneverlearnanything.attendancen.照顾,出席,Ihavesomeimportantthingstoattendto.,5.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.,exposedtocholera在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语,表示被动,意为“患霍乱的”。如:,ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverypopular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。,昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生。,ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.,发散思维：exposedadj.暴露的,暴露于风雨中的,无掩蔽的exposednessn.暴露,显露,开放思维:exposeto使暴露，揭穿exposesthtothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下exposeafraud揭穿骗局,1)Milesofsandareexposedatlowtide.2)ThepeopleofsomeAsiancountrieswereexposedtothetsunamiin2004.3)Heexposedthecrimetothepolice.4)Heexposedtheplantothenewspaper.,touncover,tomakesuffer,tomakeknown,tomakeknown,5)Thewolfopeneditsmouthto_arowofsharpteeth.,6)Dont_yourskintothesunoryourskinwillbehurt.,expose,expose,6.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.die(v.)dead(adj.)death(n.)deadlyadj.(1)dangerous;likelytocausedeath危险的;致命的adeadlydisease/weapon(2)highlyeffectiveagainststh.orsomeone强有力的;致命的adeadlyremark击中要害的评论,(3)aimingtokillordestroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的:adeadlyenemy不共戴天的敌人deadlyadv.(1)very极度;非常;十分deadlyserious十分认真(2)likedeath死一般地deadlypale死一般苍白,7.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.,everytime在这里是连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次,每当”。,e.g.EverytimeImeethim,Ialwaysthinkofthethingshappenedbetweenus.,每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。,注意:immediately,themoment,directly,instantly等与everytime一样,都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句,意为“一就”。如：IwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyIseehim.我一见到他就把这封信给他。IcamedirectlyIgotyourletter.我一接到你的信就来了。,8.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.,absorbinto吸收如：,e.g.Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.,这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。,absorbv.(1)吸收(液体),Waterabsorbsoxygen.,(2)Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.(3)Thebookabsorbedhisattention.(4)Thesurroundingsmalltownshavebeenabsorbedintothecity.,理解,接受,吸引(注意力,兴趣等),使并入,吞并,beabsorbedin被吸引;专心于;全神贯注于某事如:,Heisabsorbedinhisbook.Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.,suggest经常有“建议”的意思,但在这个句子里的意思是“暗示间接表明”。如：Thedisorganizedmeetingsuggestedbadpreparation.混乱的会场表明准备工作很差。,suggest还有“建议”的意思,在后文中有体现:“Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.”为防止这种情况再度发生,Isuggestedthatheshouldgiveupsmoking.我建议他戒烟。Thechairmansuggestedthemeetingbeputoffuntilnextweek.主席建议会议延迟到下周举行。,suggest后面还可以接-ing形式或名词。如：Shesuggestedapicnicattheweekend.她提议周末去野餐。Kanesuggestedleavingearlyfortheairport.凯恩提议早些出发去机场。,他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行得特别厉害,在十天之内就死去了五百多人。,9.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplehaddiedin10days.,severeadj.(1)unsparingorharsh,asintreatmentofothers;strict严厉的;苛刻的;严格的.如:,Theseveretrainerhasgoneabroad.Youcanbreathefreelyagain.(2)causingsharpdiscomfortordistress;extremelyviolentorintense;veryserious.剧痛的,剧烈的,严重的,难熬的如:asevereattackoftoothache.,要求苛严的教官已经出国,你可以完全放心。,牙痛的剧烈发作。,这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。,10.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.,valuable(1)adj.worthalotofmoney值钱的,贵重的如：Thewatchisvaluable.这表很值钱。avaluablediamond.贵重的钻石。,(2)adj.havinggreatusefulnessorvalue如:valuableinformation(3)n.(常用复数形式)sththatworthalotofmoney如:Cathykepthervaluablesinasafe.,重大的消息,凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里。,泵(油泵;气泵),抽水机,打气筒,11.pump,12.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。,be+动词不定式,可以表示该做或不该做的事情,相当于must,should,oughtto等。如：,Nooneistoleavethisbuildingwithoutthepermissionofthepolice.没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。Youarenottodroplitterinthepark.公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。,受到责备,主动表被动,13.Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。,lookinto往里面看;toinvestigate检查;了解。如：Welllookintothismattertogether.我们将一起调查这个问题。,开放思维：lookon观看,面向,旁观,看待lookout面朝,留神,照料lookover从上面看,察看,检查lookaround环顾,观光,察看lookthrough看穿,审核,浏览,温习lookupanddown仔细打量,到处寻找lookafter寻求,照顾,关心,14.handlen.柄,把手,Handlev.,Choosethecorrectexplanations.,1)MsHawkins,thechiefaccountantofthecompanyhandlesthecompanysaccounts.,2)ThechildrenaresonaughtythatIcanthandlethem.3)Shehandledadifficultargumentskillfully.,C,F,E,4)Handlechildrenkindly,ifyouwantthemtotrustyou.5)Thisshophandlespaperandstationery.6)Helearnthowtohandletheaxe.,D,B,A,linkto.把与连接;联系如：Fingerprintslinkedthesuspecttothecrime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。belinkedto连接如：Thetwotownsarelinkedbyarailway.,15.InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwodeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak