acid-rain酸雨英文版.ppt

Canyouseethegreen?,Therainiscomiing.but,NOW,whatcanyousee?,Chapter1,Thedefinitionofacidrain,“Acidrain”isabroadtermusedtodescribeseveralwaysthatacidsfalloutoftheatmosphere.Amoreprecisetermisaciddeposition（沉积物),whichhastwoparts:wetanddry.Itcandoharmtoplants,aquaticanimals,andinfrastructure（基础设施）.,WetDeposition-istheprocessbywhichacidswithapHbelow5.6areremovedfromtheatmosphereintheformofrain,snow,sleet,andmist.DryDeposition-occurswhenparticlessuchasvolcanicash,sulphates,andnitratesaredepositedontoasurfaceandarethenconvertedintoacidswhentheycontactwater.,Chapter2,Theacidraininchina,PlacessignificantlyimpactedbyacidrainaroundtheglobeIncludeChina,EspeciallythecentralandsouthwestregionsofChina.,In1980smainlyinSiChuanProvince,GuiZhouProvince,GuangXiProvinceandGuangDongProvince,approximately1,700,000kilometers.Inthemiddleof90sspreadedover2,000,000kilometers,NowChangSha,GanZhou,NanChangandHuaiHuaarethemostsevereaffectedareasinChinaacidrainrateisover90%.RegionsbesideYellowRiveraretheothermainareasofacidrainAcidrainhascoveredmorethan30%ofthewholelandinChina,Chapter3,Thecauseofacidrain,Scientistsdiscovered,andhaveconfirmed,thatsulfurdioxide(SO2)andnitrogenoxides(NOx)aretheprimarycausesofacidrain.IntheUS,About2/3ofallSO2and1/4ofallNOxcomesfromelectricpowergenerationthatreliesonburningfossilfuelslikecoal.,Acidrainoccurswhenthesegasesreactintheatmospherewithwater,oxygen,andotherchemicalstoformvariousacidiccompounds.Sunlightincreasestherateofmostofthesereactions.Theresultisamildsolutionofsulfuricacidandnitricacid.,CausesofAcidRainSulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxides(二氧化硫和氮氧化物）,Naturalcause,FireVolcanoeruptionBacterialdecompositionLightning,Volcanoeruption,lightning,Bacterialdecomposition,fire,Humanactivities,VehiclegasesFossilfuels,IndustrialProductioncivilianlife,Vehiclegases,Fossilfuels,IndustrialProduction,civilianlife,Themaincauseofacidrain,Chapter4,Theinfluenceandsolutions,Theinfluence?,3,2,1,Also,theinfluenceincludethat:SurfacewatersandaquaticanimalsForestsandsoilAutomotivecoatingsMaterials(metals,buildings,statues)VisibilityHumanhealth,Theepilogue,solution,China1.Improvetheenvironmentallawsandregulations,strengthensupervision(监督）andmanagement2.Adjusttheenergystructure,improvingcombustiontechnology（燃煤技术）3.Improvethetrafficenvironment,controlvehicleexhaust（排气；废气）4.Tostrengthenafforestation（植树造林）,toexpandthegreenarea5.LimitthetotalareaofSO2emissions（排放量）6.Increasepublicparticipation,TheUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedcountries1.Internationaltreaties(条约)Anumberofinternationaltreatiesaboutatmosphericpollutionhavebeenagreed.CanadaandtheUSsignedtheAirQualityAgreementin1991.MostEuropeancountriesandCanadahavesignedthetreaties.,2.Emissions(排污权)tradingEmissionstradingisamarket-basedapproachusedtocontrolpollutionbyprovidingeconomicincentives（动机；刺激）forachievingreductionsintheemissionsofpollution3.Improvedautomotiveenginetechnology,installationofexhaustgaspurification(净化)devicetoreduceemissionsofnitrogenoxides.,Whatcanwedo?,Turnofflights,computers,andotherapplianceswhenyourenotusingthem.2.Useenergy-efficientappliances:lighting,airconditioners,heaters,refrigerators,washingmachines,etc.3.Limitt