高中英语名词性从句

.,1,toourEnglishclass,.,2,轻松搞定名词性从句,.,3,你说说什么是从句,理解概念很关键,掌握逻辑是重点,大句子套小句子,.,4,从句的特点,1.从句也要符合句子的基本结构,2.从句只是做为句子某一成分出现的,3.从句的关联词很关键,通常来讲,它们是从句开始的标志,.,5,Tomisagoodboy.Heiswalking./Wedisagree.Iloveyou.Iconsiderhimhandsome/ahandsomeboy.Hegavemeapresent.,.,6,从句,名词性从句,形容词性从句,副词性从句,:定语从句,:状语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,.,7,谓语动词/介词,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,名词,同位语从句,WhenweshallholdthemeetingdependsonwhetherJohncanreturntomorrow.,系动词,TheproblemiswhenJohnwillcomeback.,Weexpressedourhopethatwecouldvisitthecountryagain.,.,8,Haveatry:Whatkind?,Idontknowwhobrokethewindow.Shewalkeduptowhereshestood.Whattheyneedisagoodtextbook.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmwelcome.Thisiswhereourproblemis.Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.TheforeignerexpressedhishopethathewasgoingtovisittheGreatWallagain.Weconsideritnecessarythatheshouldimprovehispronunciation.,O,S,O,P,S,A,O,O,.,9,TaskI.什么叫“名词性从句”？,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,表语,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,.,10,宾语,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,同位语,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.,.,11,NounClauses名词性从句一个句子,在连词的引导下,在一个句子中当名词使用,叫名词性从句根据句法功能,名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,.,12,掌握名词性从句的关键,引导词的分类,1,2,3,that,whether,if,who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever,whichever,when,where,how,why,从属连词,连接代词,连接副词,.,13,名词性that-从句,1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：,主语：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.同位语：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.形容词宾语：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.,.,14,Itsapitythatyoumissedthefilm.Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.ItissaidthatthenovelhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish.,注意,2)it做为形式主语和宾语,为了避免头重脚轻，通常用做形式主语，将真正的主语从句后置What引导的主语从句例外。,.,15,动词think,make,feel,consider，find等后常用it作形式宾语来代替that引导的宾语从句。Weallthinkitgoodnewsthatwewillhaveaholidaythisweekend.OurschoolhasmadeitarulethatallthestudentsshouldwearschooluniformonMondaymorning.Iconsideritnecessarythatweshouldaskhimforadvice.,巧记,It作形式代词真能干，可把不定式、动名词或从句来代办，而让它们后面站！,.,16,提示：介词一般不与that连用。但inthat，exceptthat除外Mandiffersfrombrutesinthattheycanthinkandspeak.,.,17,Practicetime:用形式代词it转换下列名词性从句,1.Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.2.Whyhedidtheworkiseasytounderstand.3.Thatherhairwasturninggreyworriedherabit.4.Hehadwonthefirstprize.Wethoughtitwasgoodnews.,.,18,Hedidntmake_clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.(07Tianjin1)AthisB.thatC.itD.these,Itisnoneofyourbusiness_otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.(07Fujian35)A.HowB.whatC.whichD.when,.,19,3)that的省略问题,1.Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.2.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.3.Youproblemisthatyoulackself-confidence4.Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.5.ShesaidthatshewouldgothereonFridayandthatshewouldreturnthenextday。6.Wethinkitimportantthatyoushoulddoitatonce.7.IdidnttellhimanythingexceptthatIwasntabletofindmywayback.,.,20,在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，that不能省略。宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；,.,21,名词性wh-从句,1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who,whom,whose,what,which,-ever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。连接代词在从句中做主，宾，表语。连接副词在句中做表，状语。例如：主语：Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.宾语：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.表语：Myquestioniswhowilltakeoverthepresident.,.,22,宾语补足语：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.同位语：Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.形容词宾语：Imnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.介词宾语：Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.,.,23,what既可表疑问，也可没有疑问，作为缩合连词相当于allthat,everythingthat,thepersonwho不表疑问。在从句中做主语，宾语或表语。Theyreached_isnowpartofAmerica.A.whatB.whereCwhichD.thatHeis_isknownasahacker-helikestoshowoffontheinternetandattackwebsites.A.whatB.whoC.thatDwhich,.,24,which表疑问，哪一个who,whom表疑问，谁whoever,whomever-无论是谁，不管是谁。=anyonewhothosewhowherewhenwhy既可表疑问，也可不表疑问Istillremember_thisusedtobeaquietvillage.Whynottryyourluckdowntown-thats_goodjobsare.,.,25,whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下用whether：1.whether引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句应当用whether，2.whether引导从句作介词的宾语。Imnotinterestedinwhethertheyllgoornot.3.whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用。Ididntknowwhethertolaughortocry.4.从句后有“ornot”时Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.5.discuss后,if,whether引导的名词从句,.,26,whether与if的辨用1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2._wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idontknow_togo.9._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,If,.,27,总原则：看从句中缺少什么成分，根据意思选择适当连接词语；如不缺成分且句意完整，则选用that.,一找二查三选,：从句,：缺少什么成分,：意思适合的关联词,.,28,Haveatry:Chooseaproperone,1._hasbeenannouncedisthatwemusthandinourgraduationpapersbeforetheendofJune.,What,2._healwaysservesthepeopleiswell-known.3._theEnglisheveningwillbeheld,onMondayorTuesday,hasnotyetbeendecided.4.Iwanttoknow_hehastoldyou.5.Everythingdependson_wehaveenoughmoney.6.Thatis_hedidntcometothemeeting.7.Thenews_wewonthegamewasexciting.,That,When,what,whether,why,that,.,29,TaskII.名词性从句单复数概念,1.ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegiveme_(make)mehappy.2.Whatweneed_(be)moretime.3.Whatweneed_(be)moreEnglishdictionaries.,makes,is,are,一般情况下，名词性从句看作单数概念。表示所需要的这层含义根据表语来确定,.,30,.Iwonderhowmanyyearsago_.A.didyourfatherretireB.yourfatherretiredC.hasyourfatherretiredD.yourfatherhasretired,语序问题,.YoucantimaginehowexcitedIwas!,名词性从句必须用陈述句语序,感叹句除外,.,31,1.Shesensedthatshe_(be)beingwatched.2.Pleasetellme_(他是谁)?3.Doyoustillrememberwhenyou_（见到）thefamoussinger？4.Whetherhe_(来)ornotisunimportanttome.,was,whoheis,willcome,met,时态,宾语从句的时态1。若主句是过去时态，从句用相应的过去时态2。若主句是一般时态，从句不受限制，依具体情况而定其余从句依具体情况而定,.,32,Practicetime.单句改错,1.Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunareknowntoall.2.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaventbeenknownyet.3.Ididntknowthatyouwillcome.4.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.5.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?6.YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules.,_is,_hasnt,_would,_was,_hewill,_Englishhas,.,33,4.Theproblemisthattheycantcollectenoughmoneyfortheproject.,3.Thatshebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfathersinfluence.,that与what,1.Whatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.,2.Sheisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.,what在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语）；that在从句中不充当任何成分，因此当从句不缺少成分且句意完整时选择that。,.,34,1.TheseancientIndiansusedtolivein_isnowapartoftheUnitedStates.A.whereB.theplaceC.whichD.what,Showyourselfoff!,IcantdecidewhichofthethreeIshouldchoose.,Whichteamwonthematchwasstillunknown.,.,35,_hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.(07上海39)A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where,Choosingtherightdictionarydependson_youwanttouseitfor.(07江苏25）A.whatB.whyC.howD.whether,.,36,Youcanonlybesureof_youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_youmightgetinthefuture.(07安徽33)A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that,_(父母的言行)hasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.(07陕西8),Whatparentssayanddo,.,37,_mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.(07全国I17）A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which,.,38,表语从句中的that,because和why,Thereasonwhyshewaslatewas_hedidntcatchthebus.Shewaslate.Thats_shedidntcatchthebus.Shedidntcatchthebus.Thats_shewaslate.,that,because,why,.,39,同位语从句PK定语从句,1.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwonthegame.2.Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.,技巧,试加法/成分法,1.Thenewswasthatourteamhadwonthegame.2.Thenewswasthatyoutoldus.,.,40,Practice:判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1.TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.2.ThehopethatsheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,.,41,主语从句用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat有必要,.,42,b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信,c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itisasurprise/awonder/apity/nowonderthat令人惊奇的是,d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat似乎Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,.,43,另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatItissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that,.,44,宾语从句否定转移,1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。IdontthinkIknowyou.注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你没有生病吧。,.,45,宾语从句前如有doyou(think,believe,guess,suppose,expect,imagine,suppose)等词时,如果从句主语为疑问词均应提到句首.Whatcanyouguessisintheroom?Whendoyouthink_.WewillleaveforBeijingB.willweleaveforBeijing,.,46,whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever,引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，whatever相当于anythingthat,表示“无论什么;whoever相当于anyonewho,表示“无论谁；任何的人”whichever“无论哪个;无论哪些”,既指人,也指物;可以单独使用,可以修饰名词,也可以后跟of短语。whoever/whomever的选择，要看关联词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如果在从句中作主语只能选用whoever，做宾语时用whomever。,.,47,1.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.(NMET1997)A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever2._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(MET1988)A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who3.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.(上海1995)A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho,.,48,综合测试,1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Newscame_thestudentswouldputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whentheywouldntbebusy.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.whether,C,A,.,49,3.Whatsthematterwithyou?Youhavenoidea_.A.howIwasworriedB.howworriedwasIC.howwasIworriedD.howworriedIwas4.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.Thats_Igotwetallthrough.A.howB.becauseC.whyD.that5.Heisabsenttoday.Thats_heisill.A.whenB.becauseC.whyD.that,D,C,B,.,50,6.Whetherthesportsmeetwillbeheld_yet.A.hasntdecidedB.arentdecideC.haventbeendecidedD.isntdecided7._hespokeatthemeetingistrue,but_hesaidisntinteresting.A.What;whatB.That;whatC.That;thatD.What;that,D,B,.,51,8._isdisappointingthatyoucantcom