小学英语六年级小升初语法专项讲解含答案

1 六六年年级级语语法法专专项项 目目录录 代词 2 冠词 7 介词 11 名词 14 时态 20 形容词副词 28 2 代代词词 一、人称代词 1.人称代词即表示 “我” “你” “她/他/它” “你们” “我们” “他们”等的词，是为了 避免重复，用来代替前面提到的人或物。人称代词有人人称称，单单复复数数和主主宾宾格格 的变化 见下表： 数人称主格宾格 单数 第一人称Ime 第二人称youyou 第三人称 he she it him she it 复数 第一人称weus 第二人称youyou 第三人称theythem 2.人称代词在句中有以下几种功能： 1)作主语 (用主格形式) 如：We are pupils. 我们都是小学生。 2)做表语 (一般用宾格形式) 如：Its me. 这是我。 3)作宾语 (用宾格形式) 如：I can see them. 我能看到他们。 4)做介词宾语 (用宾格形式) 如：Please listen to me carefully. 请仔细听我 说。 3.人称代词的排列顺序： 人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉记忆。 1)单数代词：you and I; you and he; he and I; you, he and I 2)复数代词：we and they; we and you; you and they; we, you and they *人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见； 单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三； 麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见； 两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。 二、物主代词 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词， 分为形形容容词词性性物物主主代代词词和名名词词性性物物主主代代词词。 有 人称和数的变化。 人称 类别 第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数复数单数复数单数复数 形容词性myouryouryourhis her its their 名词性mineoursyoursyourshis hers its theirs 形容词物主代词起形容词的作用，后面要加上名词。 3 名名词词性性物物主主代代词词=形形容容词词性性物物主主代代词词+名名词词。 例：Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣? Its hers. 是她的。（hers = her coat） *关于物主代词的口诀： 物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误， myyourhisheritsourtheir不放过。 形容词性是基础，除了我的“mine”外，其他词尾“s”性 形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。 三、反身代词 反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“*自己”。 数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数myselfyourself himself herself itself 复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves *反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀： 反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f 四、指示代词 this (这个) these (这些)指近处的事物 that (那个) those (那些)指远处的事物 例：_ 这是本书 _ 这些是书 _ 那是辆小汽车 _ 那些是小汽车 五、不定代词 用来代替或者修饰不确定数量范围的人或事物的代词叫做不定代词。 1. some和和any, no some 常用在肯定句中， any 常用在否定句和疑问句中， no 在肯定句中表示否 定的意思。 如：There is some water on the table. There arent any students in the classroom. I have no money. 2. one和和ones one 代替上文出现的单数可数名词，具有泛指意义，其复数形式是 ones。 如：Could you show me a shirt? Awhite one, please. 能给我看件衬衫吗？一件 白色的。 3. either和和too too 在肯定句中，表示 “也” either 在否定句中，表示 “也” 4 如：I like English too. I cant fly either. 4. a few/ few/ a little/ little a fewa little肯定：还有一些，还有一点 fewlittle否定：几乎没有 +可数名 词复数 +不可数 名词 5. another, other, the other, others, the others（了了解解） anther 三个及以上中的任意的另一个，表泛指。 other 其他的，如：other people others = other + 复数：另外的人或物 the other 两种的另一个，剩下的另一个。 the others =the other +复数：所有其余的人或物 6. many和和much many + 可数名词/ much + 不可数名词 如：Do you have many good friends? Dont worry, we have much time. 专专项项练练习习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. (I) 2.The dress is _. Give it to _. (she) 3.Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _. (I) 4._ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. (he) 5._ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? (you) 6.Here are many dolls, which one is _? (she) 7.I can find my toy, but wheres _? (you) 8.Show _ your kite, OK? (they) 9.I have a beautiful cat. _ name is Mimi. These cakes are _. (it) 10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. (they) 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. (we) 12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ is a nurse. (she) 13. That is not _ camera. _ is at home. (he) 5 14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. (they) 15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! (it) it; 16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. (she) 17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. (we) 18. So many dogs. Lets count _. (they) 19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. (he) 20. May I sit beside _? (you) 二、选择填空. 1.Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little. But he doesnt enjoy _. A. heB. himC. hisD. himself 2.Lily was 9 years old. _ was old enough to go to school _. A. She; sheB. She; herselfC. Her; herselfD. Her; she 3.Jims watch is much newer than _. A. hersB. sheC. herD. herself 4.Would you like _ for super? A. something ChineseB. Chinese something C. anything ChineseD. Chinese anything 5._ piano is too old ,but she still liked playing it. A. SheB. ShesC. HersD. Her 6.Who taught you English last year? Nobody taught me . I taught _. A. meB. myselfC. mineD. I 7.That bike is _? AheB. himC. hisD. it 8.We bought _ a present, but _ didnt like it. A. they; themB. them; theyC. themselves; their D. theirs; they 9.She is a student, _ name is Julia. A. itsB. herC. hersD. his 10. Would you help _ with _ English, please？ A. I; myB. me; meC. me; myD. my; I 11. Afriend of _ came here yesterday. A. myB. hisC. himD. himself 12. _ pencil-box is beautiful. But _ is more beautiful than _. A. Toms; my; heB. Toms; mine; his C. Toms; mine; himD. Toms; my; his 13. Most of _ like Chinese food. A. theyB. theirC. themD. theirs 14. Dont you let _ help you? A. I and my friendB. my friend and I C. my friend and meD. my friend and I to 15. How hard _ works! 6 A. weB. himC. heD. his 16. _ have been chosen. A. I; you and heB. He; you and IC. You; he and ID. You; and me 17. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _. A. IB. meC. myD. mine 18. Thats not _, it is_. I made it _. A. yours; mine; myselfB. your; mine; myself C. yours; her; myselfD. yours; my; myself 19. We bought _ English-Chinese dictionaries. A. usB. oursC. ourselvesD. to us 20. Most people think _ are winning SARS. A. oursB. ourselvesC. weD. us 7 冠冠词词 一、冠词的定义 冠顾名思义帽子的意思，冠词是戴在名词头上的一顶帽子，放在名词前 面。分为三种：不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词。 二、解析 1.不定冠词（a/an) 1)火眼金睛辨区别 区别就在于：a +辅音音素开头的单词，an+元音音素开头的单词。 口口诀诀巧巧记记： Mr Lin has six foxes (此句每个字母前都需用 an, 未提到字 母前用 a。) 2)主要用法如下： A. 表示类属中的“任何一个”，表泛指。如： An elephant is a useful animal.大象是有用的动物。 B.表示数量“一”。如： Please give me a book.请给我一本书。 C.泛指一类名词中的“某一个”。如： He is a cook.他是一名厨师。 D. 用在习惯用语中。如： have a look看一看 have a cold感冒 2.定冠词 1)通常有特指作用，表示“这个/些、那个/些”。 2)主要用法如下： A. 用在世上独独一无二的事物前。如： the Earth 地球 the Moon 月球 B.用于特指指的人或事物前。如： There is a coat on the bed. The coat is mine. 床上有件外套。那件外套是我的。 C.用在习惯用语中表示方方位。如： on the left 在左面 in the south 在南面 D. 用在定定语（介词短语、定从）修饰的名词前。如： The girl under the tree is my sister. I like the cake made by my mother. E.用在表示乐乐器的名词前。如： play the violin/ guitar 拉小提琴/ 弹吉他 F.用在序序数词前面。如： Its the first of March today. G. 用在习惯惯性表达里。如： in the morning 在早上 8 H. 用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家家人。如： The Smiths are in China now. I.用在形形容词前，表示一类人。如： We should help the poor. 3.零冠词 有时候，在名词前面我们不用冠词，或者将冠词省略，这种情况我们叫 零冠词。零冠词主要有以下几种情况： 1)学科球类三餐前； 2)四季星期月份前 3)国名、人名等专有名词前； 4)在习惯短语中表示特殊意义时，如 go to school 和 go to the school 意 义大不同。 冠冠词词专专项项练练习习 一、单项选择 1.She reads _ interesting story. A. aB. anC. /D. the 2.Children, _ is coming. What are you going to do for it? We are going to make some national flags. A. national dayB. the national day C. National DayD. the National Day 3.They are playing _ piano. A. aB. anC. theD. / 4.Mom, I like _ green T-shirt. Could you buy it for me? A. aB. anC. theD. / 5._ is the longest river in China. A. Zhujiang RiverB. The Yellow River C. The Changjiang RiverD. Changjiang River 6.My brother likes playing _ football. A. /B. theC. aD. an 7.They are _ twins. They look _ same. A. /; /B. the; /C. /; theD. a; the 8.Lin Tao lives in _ Nanjing. A. /B. aC. theD. an 9.Do you know _ woman in red? Yes, shes a professor of _ university. A. the; aB. a; anC. the; anD. /; the 10. Well study _ lesson today. A. firstB. oneC. the firstD. a 11. Let me have _ look. A. aB. /C. theD. an 12. After watching _ TV, she played _ violin for an hour. 9 A. /; /B. the; theC. the; /D. /; the 13. Did you see _ pen? I left it here his morning. Is it _ black one? I saw it somewhere. A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. a; a 14. We always have _ rice for _ lunch. A. /; /B. the; /C. /; aD. the; the 15. January is _ first month of the year. A. aB. /C. anD. the 16. What _ fine day it is today! Lets go to the Summer Palace. A. aB. anC. theD. / 17. _ girl over there is _ English teacher. A. The; anB. A; /C. The; /D. A; a 18. Its _ exciting way to shop on the Internet. A. aB. anC. theD. / 19. Theres _ “u” and _ “s” in _ word “use”. A. an; a; theB. a; an; / C. a; a; aD. a; an; the 20. It took me _ hour and _ half to finish _ work. A. a; a; aB. an; a; aC. an; a; theD. an; a; / 二、填空 1.This is _ useful book. 2.Lets go out for _ walk. 3.At that time Tom was _ one-year-old baby. 4.What did you do _ last Saturday? 5.There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall. 6._ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day. 7.After dinner, my grandparents often have _ walk in the park. 8.Its too hot. Open _ door, please. 9.I often watch _ TV in _ evening. 10. I like _ yellow shirt in the shop. 11. Lets go to _ school now. 12. Do you have _ mobile phone. 13. We should love and protect _ Earth. 14. I dont like playing _ violin, but I like playing _ table tennis. 15. Mary is interested in _ science. 16. Dont worry. We still have _ little time left. 17. What _ beautiful day! And what _ fine weather! 18. Last night I went to _ bed very late. 19. In _ winter it is cold in _ Beijing and warm in _ Shanghai. 20. Tomorrow Mr. Smith will leave Beijing by _ air. 10 / 36 介介词词 一、时间介词 1.on 用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的早中晚 on Sunday on the second of May on the morning of 14thJuly 2.in 用于早中晚或较长的时间，如年，月，季节 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening in February in spring in 2016 3.at 用于早中晚和点时间 at noon/ night at 11:30 4.fromto 表示从到 5.before， after 用来表示时间的先后顺序， before 意为 “在之前” ， after 意为 “在 之后” before school after lunch 6.节日前的介词 以 Festival 结尾的节日，多为中国传统节日，前用介词 at，如 at Mid-Autumn Festival; 以 Day 结尾的节日，多位国际节日，前用介词 on，如 on Childrens Day; 表示在节日期间（大于一天） ，用 at，如 at Christmas 二、地点介词 1.on 意为“在上” ，用于两个物体的表面相接触时 on the chair/ desk 2.in 意为“在内”表示在某物的里面，或“在某地”表示在一个面积较大的地方， at 表示在较小的地点（城镇及以下） 特：in the playground in the classroom in Beijing 11 / 36 at the bus stop 3.under 表示在某一物体的正下方，over 表示在物体的正上方 below 表示低于某一标准，above 表示高于某一标准 under the bed over the river below 15 degrees Celsius 4.beside 表示“在旁边” ，near 表示“在附近” ，between 表示“在两者之间” 三、方向介词 1.from 用来表示从某个起点开始，意为“从，来自” come from China 2.to 表示前往某地或某个方向运动，意为“向，往，到” get to the zoo 3.along 用来表示“沿着” walk along the river 4.up 表示从下向上的动作方向，意为“向上” climb up the hill 5.down 表示由上向下的动作方向，意为“向下” sit down 6.with 通常表示伴随 take an umbrella with you 7.by 表示“通过方式” by plane 8.in 可以用于语言，穿着什么颜色或衣服 in English in his new clothes 介介词词专专项项练练习习 一、单项选择 1.Is there a river _ the house? A. toB. ofC. behind 2.Theyre running _ the playground. 12 / 36 A. withB. inC. at 3.Can we eat _ Guangzhou Restaurant today? A. toB. ofC. at 4.She studies English _ Rose School _ England. A. at; fromB. in; inC. at; in 5.There are many apples _ the tree. Abird _ the tree is picking an apple. A. in; onB. on; inC. in; at 6.Its time _ supper. A. atB. onC. for 7.Its no time _ school. Its time _ go back home. A. to; forB. to; toC. for; to 8.Mr. Brown comes _America. A. atB. fromC. in 9.Whats this _ English? A. inB. atC. on 10. Sometimes I go to school _ foot. A. byB. inC. on 11. Does the autumn start _August? Sometimes it does. But usually it starts _ September. A. in; inB. on; onC. at; at 12. I usually play table tennis _ school. A. afterB. whenC. by 13. I like summer. Is it cool _ autumn? What _ summer? Oh, it is too hot. A. in; about onB. on; about onC. in; about in 14. Do you listen to the radio _ a long time? No, I often listen to it _ twenty minutes. A. for; toB. for; forC. to; for 15. When is May Day? Its _ the first of May. A. onB. inC. at 16. They will move to the new school _ next Monday. A. onB. inC. / 17. He always goes to school at 7:00 _ every day. 13 / 36 A. onB. inC. / 18. She does her homework _ half an hour every day. A. inB. forC. / 19. The hospital is _ the left. A. atB. inC. on 20. Children usually get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays. A. on; onB. at; onC. in; on 二、用合适的介词填空 1.Chinese usually eat dumplings _ the Spring Festival. 2.My mother usually has a day off _ Womens Day. 3.Children usually get presents _ Christmas. 4.He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning. 5.I want to visit my uncle _ Wednesday afternoon. 6.We can have a game of table tennis _ the morning of Sunday. 7.He often chats with her parents _ night. 8.He suddenly returned _ a rainy night. 9.My grandfather was born _ 10thOctober, 1935. 10. Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. 11. Its always cold _ winter. 12. Mrs. Brown came to China _ 1996. 13. Ann moved to Suzhou _ September, 1992. 14. He came to Shanghai _ 9:30 _ March 5. 15. He often goes to school _ six fifteen _ the morning. 16. What do you usually do _ July? 17. Why not go swimming _ Sunday? 18. Tom goes to school _ Monday _ Friday. 19. Sally likes reading books _ weekends. 20. The Dragon Boat Festival is _ September or October. 14 / 36 名名词词 一、名词的分类 名词按其所表示的意义可分为专有名词和普通名词； 根据其所表示的性质可分为可数名 词和不可数名词。 1. 专有名词 专有名词表示人，事物，地点或者机构等专有的名称，通常由一个词或几个词构成。 如：Mike, Miss Li, China, English, the Great Wall, the US 等。 2. 普通名词 普通名词表示某一类人，事物或抽象概念的名称。如：book, family, work 等。 普通名词又可以分为以下四类： 1个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student, house 2集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：class, people 3物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：milk, coffee 4抽象名词：表示动作，状态，品质，情感等抽象概念，如：love, weather 3. 可数名词：可以用数字进行计算的名词，如：个体名词和集体名词。 4. 不可数名词：不可以用数字进行计算的名词，如物质名词和抽象名词。 名词的分类图表如下： 名 词 专有名词 普通名词 个体名词 可数名词集体名词 物质名词 不可数名词抽象名词 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的规则变化 情况构成方法例词 一般情况+ sbook-books girl-girls toy-toys 15 / 36 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的词 + eswatch-watches bus-buses box-boxes 以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的词 去 y+ iesfamily-families story-stories 以 f 或 fe 结尾 的词 去 f/ fe+ vesthief-thieves 小偷 knife-knives 小刀 以辅音字母+o 结尾的词 有 生 命 的 词 +es tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes mango-mangoes 芒果 hero-heroes 英雄 无生命的词+sphoto-photos 2.名词复数的不规则变化 构成方法例词 单复数形式相同Chinese, Japanese, sheep, people, deer 改变中间的元音字母 man-men woman-women policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth 词尾加 en 或 renox-oxen child-children 3.不可数名词数量的表达 不可数名词就是无法或不能用数目来计算的名词。 不可数名词没有复数形式。 如果 要表达出不可数名词具体的数量，可以通过“计量词of不可数名词”来表达。若想表 达量的复数概念，只需把计量词变为复数形式即可。 a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡two cups of coffee 两杯咖啡 a piece of news 一条消息five pieces of news 五条消息 常见的计量词有 piece, pair, cup, bar, bottle 等。 4.名词的所有格 名词的所有格表示人或物品的所属关系，它有两种形式：s 所有格和 of 所有格。 16 / 36 1有生命的名词的所有格需要用名词+s 来表示， s 所有格的构成方法 单词形式构成方法例词 普通单数名 词 在词尾加 sHelens father Toms brother the boys brother 词尾已有 s 的复数名词 在词尾加the two boysmother the teachersoffice 词尾不带 s 的复数名词 在词尾加 sChildrens Day womens clothes 表示几个词 共有的关系 在最后的一个 词的词尾加 s Su Hai and Su Yangs mother (苏海和苏阳 的妈妈) 表示几个词 各自的所有 关系 在每个词的词 尾加 s Su Hais and Su Yangs mother (苏海和苏 阳各自的书包) 2of 所有格 如果名词代表的事物是无生命的，需用 of+名词的方式来表示它的所有格。如： the weather of Beijing 北京的天气 名名词词专专项项练练习习 一一、写写出出下下列列名名词词的的复复数数形形式式 knife_orange _box_ cap_woman _tomato_ bus_hero_boy_ baby_watch_photo_ class_foot_house_ pen_car_horse_ shelf_radio_fox_ dish_half_deer_ 17 / 36 child_fish_I_ him_this_her_ day_book_dress_ tooth_sheep_strawberry_ thief_peach_sandwich_ man_woman _paper_ juice_water_milk_ rice_tea_diary_ 二二、将将下下列列单单词词的的复复数数形形式式改改成成单单数数形形式式 wolves _doctors_cities_ Chinese _pianos_thieves_ ears_churches_leaves_ teeth_zoos_brushes_ wives_pears_monkeys_ 三三、短短语语翻翻译译： 1.我的爷爷_ 2.杰姆的房间_ 3.我奶奶的钱包_ 4.那些学生的书_ 5.这些工人的外套_ 6.那些小孩的父母_ 7.那些男人的帽子_ 8.那间教室的窗户_ 9.海伦的同学_ 18 / 36 10. 这些男孩的床_ 11. 我兄弟的钢笔_ 12. 汤姆的姑父_ 13. 那些老师的书桌_ 14. 这些医生的杯子_ 15. 那个书包的颜色_ 四、单选题 1.What are these? They are _. A. deersB. radiosC. radioesD. tomatos 2.How many _ are there in these _? A. tomatos; photosB. tomatoes; photos C. tomatoes; photoesD. potatos; photoes 3.Mr. Chen has two _. A. toothsB. teethC. teethsD. toothes 4.Then the _ began to eat the green _ of young trees. A. deer; leafsB. deer; leavesC. deer; leafD. deers; leafs 5.I met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day. A. JapaneseB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. English 6.Excuse me, are you _? Yes, Im from _. A. Japan; JapaneseB. China; Chinese C. England; EnglishD. American; America 7.Agroup of _ are talki