图解长津湖之战-150张珍贵照片

图解长津湖之战，150张珍贵照片 在朝鲜战争中，发生在1950年11月下旬东部战线上的这场战斗，至少在中国的所有有关史料中叙述得十分简单。不知道为什么会是这样。也许这场战斗进行得过分惨烈了。也许是双方所付出的代价过分巨大了。也许事后双方均宣布在这次战斗中取得“辉煌的胜利”都有点言过其实了。也许真实地回忆惨烈和代价巨大的战斗是一件很痛苦的事情。本文将以美军的视角，全面叙述1950年底朝鲜东部战线上，美军自10月26日陆战师在元山登陆至12月24日从兴南登船撤退的整个过程。期间发生的两次大规模战斗有残酷的黄草岭阻击战和举世闻名的长津湖之战，尤其是后者，甚为惨烈。从中我们可以体会到，在冰天雪地中，缺乏装备、弹药、食品和防寒用具的志愿军面对优势的美军，仍忍耐一切艰难困苦，忠实地执行命令，默默地行动与战斗。使得对面的美军官兵，也在惊叹其勇敢的同时，感到非常可怕。一、美第1陆战师在元山登陆、志愿军黄草岭阻击战朝鲜东北部，群山连绵，高峰屹立，海拔2000米的太白山脉和支脉咸镜山脉象要倒进日本海的样子，内陆的盖马高原山峦起伏，扩展到朝中国境。长津湖位于咸兴以北公里处，制约着通往江界的路线；这里是有名的严寒地区，交通极为不便，具有军事价值的道路，主要有沿海岸通往苏联国境、从咸兴经长津湖至江界、以及从利原附近经丰山通往惠山镇的山道。50年10月11日，韩国第1军第3师攻克元山。美第10军军长阿尔蒙德指挥的韩国第1军在占领元山、咸兴及其以北的北青、新兴之后，以第3师驻防元山，掩护从海上输送的美第10军登陆；以首都师向北推进。同时，志愿军第42军为配合抗美援朝第一次战役的西线作战，打破美韩军队迂回江界企图，迅速向东线开进，阻击正在北进的美韩军队。50年10月25日，志愿军抗美援朝第一次战役打响，42军2个先头营乘汽车抢先占领了黄草岭、赴战岭两个要点。同日，韩国首都师进至黄草岭，被志愿军击退。两天之后，志愿军第42军主力两个师(第124师、第126师)，强行军赶到了黄草岭、赴战岭前线。战至11月1日，韩军始终不能突破志愿军防线。50年10月26日，美第1陆战师在元山开始登陆。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=01950年10月11日，韩国第1军第3师攻克元山。图为北朝鲜军的堑壕。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0韩国第1军第3师攻克元山。图为死亡的北朝鲜军士兵。img/2006_09/.jpg10月26日，美第1陆战师在元山开始登陆。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0咸兴附近Sinchon为美军举行的欢迎庆典。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0咸兴附近Sinchon举行的欢迎庆典screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0欢迎美军到来的朝鲜小学生。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=050年10月31日，元山，美第1陆战师完成登陆。10月31日，美第1陆战师在元山完成登陆。同时，美第10军向第1陆战师下达了向长津湖附近迅速前进的命令。第7陆战团集结在咸兴北侧，准备首先向下碣隅里前进。 11月2日，急调而来美陆战第1师第7团参加对黄草岭的进攻。志愿军以劣势装备和简陋的野战工事(有的阵地甚至根本没有工事)条件，对美军和韩军进行极其残酷的阻击战。此次战斗，是陆战队同中国军队的第一次交锋。美军海盗式攻击机对谷底反复进行了俯冲攻击，给志愿军造成很大的伤亡。但陆战队发起的进攻，丝毫没有进展。山势险峻，堑壕纵横，无论怎样发扬火力，也压制不住。而且，中国军队的迫击炮射击非常巧妙，刚要转入攻击前进，立刻就遭到集中射击，因而动弹不得。就是好容易完成了冲击态势，每一次也都由于手榴弹如雨和斜射、侧射而被打回来。陆战队遭到前所未有的顽强抵抗，被弄得不知所措。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0参加进攻的美军陆战第1师第7团75mm无后坐力炮screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0美第1陆战师第7团3营G连30口径空冷机枪。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=050年11月2日，被美第7陆战团俘获的志愿军124师战俘。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=011月5日，攻占志愿军高地的美第7陆战团。11月6日，志愿军鉴于西线反击作战已告结束，即令第42军于11月7日凌晨撤离黄草岭阵地。当陆战队再次慎重地发起进攻，这次却没有任何反应，一夜之间，中国军队神秘失踪了。陆战队认为到昨天为止的几场恶战，简直象作了一场恶梦。事后，美军对中国军队的评价有这样一句话“山地行动能力特强，迫击炮使用得熟练，有克服困难的精神，富于欺诈手段”。由于参战的中国军队行军进展很不顺利，前后距离拉得过大，与美军陆战队对阵的124师各团不得不以数日行程的长途行军，而未能统一参加战斗。加上战场是不毛的山地，补给极端困难，经常断粮。而且遭到难以想象的轰炸和炮击，受到毁灭性打击，以致不能在下次攻势中使用。因此，遭受的损失远远多于其他战线。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0108名志愿军124师阵亡士兵的尸体。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0志愿军124师阵亡士兵二、美第1陆战师向长津湖方向推进、美第7师第17团进入鸭绿江边惠山镇。得知黄草岭的中国军队撤退之后，美第10军开始试探性向北进攻，其中，韩国第1军团沿东海岸公路向东北方向的边界推进；美军第7步兵师在其西南，顺着利原向北的公路到达中朝边境的惠山镇；在美军第7师的西南，是美军第1陆战师，它由咸兴向长津湖方向前进。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=011月5日，陆战队第7团向湖区攻击前进。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0美第7师进至丰山。如此寒冷的气候，车辆损坏很快。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=011月9日，美第7师第7侦察连自丰山出发占领瑟岭的发电厂。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=050年11月10日，黄草岭附近的陆战队。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0美第1陆战师第7团3营向北前进。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0爬上高地，驱逐志愿军观察哨。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0向北推进中的美第1陆战师第7团。11月10日，美第1陆战师第7团占领古土里。11月14日，美第1陆战师第7团占领下碣隅里。第5团也到达麻田洞、真兴里和古土里，掩护了运输补给线。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0古土里，美军营地一角。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0古土里附近，一个朝鲜小乡村。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0古土里，北朝鲜难民。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0古土里，很多朝鲜战争孤儿被美军收留，尽管成为了仆人，但温饱得到了解决。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=011月10日，美第1陆战师第7团占领古土里后，沿窄轨铁路向下碣隅里推进。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=011月上旬陆战队第7团第2营向下碣隅里前进途中。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0美第1陆战师第7团向下一个攻击位置进发。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=050年11月，下碣隅里附近。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0下碣隅里美军营地。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0陆战队开始进入湖区。screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/69094.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/69094.jpg onload=if(this.widthscreen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; border=0进入长津湖区的陆战队士兵screen.width*0.7) this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=hand; this.alt=Click here to open new windownCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out; onclick=if(!this.resized) return true; else window.open(/upload/2006_09/69095.jpg); alt= src=/upload/2006_09/69095.jpg onload=if(this.widths