中考英语阅读理解解题指导PPT课件

TheSkillsofreadingcomprehension,WelcometoTheReadingKingdom!,考查事实细节：,猜测生词含义：,推理判断：,归纳主旨大意：,推测作者的态度、意图和目的：,阅读理解考查题型,（一）事实性细节题,对时间、地点、特征、方式、数字等的寻找对原因、结果、事实的正确理解常用提问方式：1.Accordingtothepassage,who(what,why,where,when，howmany/much,howlong).?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true?,通常是特殊疑问句或判断句子正误,1.He/sheshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.Theadtellsusthat_A.Theassistantmustbeaman.B.Theassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarestaurant.C.PuccipizzahasbranchesalloverChina.,B,事实理解题解题技巧：,事实细节题一般在:1文中有原句；2找相关信息进行比对;3找近义词或同义句;4进行简单数学计算;在读文章时把这些信息划下来,（二）猜测词义,词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词、词组或句子含义的题型。常见的提问方式有：1)Theword.refersto_2)Tbablymeans_,1、根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词常用的：be,becalled,mean，破折号或定语从句等来表示。,Well,Iverelearnedit.IhopeIhavetimelefttoenjoythesuccessesofothersandtotakepleasureintheday.Thatstheheartofthewatermelon.“theheartofthewatermelon”refersto_.A.thebestpartofthewatermelon.B.thewritersbusylifeC.thewritersdecisionofmakingmoney.D.thewritershopeofenjoyinglife.,D,2、根据上下文情景和逻辑进行判断,Astheygoaroundtown,theyhelppeople.Whentheyfindlostchildren,theytakethechildrenhome.Iftheyseeafight,theyputanendtoitrightaway.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.Oftenpeopleaskthemhowtogettoaplaceintown.Inthetext,“putanendto”means_A.stopB.cutC.killD.fly,A,Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChinese?_A.自来水B.大气C.冰川D.蒸汽,D,and,3、根据关联词来猜测,3、根据关联词来猜测表示因果关系的：表示同义关系的：表示反义关系的：,because,as,since,for,so,asaresult,and,like,justasthesameas.,but,however,though,although,yet,instead(of),演练1,Abagisusefulandtheword“bag”isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases.Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag.”Itisthesameas“totellasecret”Nowwhensomeoneletsoutasecret,he“letsthecatoutofthebag.”Q:Johnletsthecatoutofthebag”meansheA.makeseveryoneknowasecret.B.thewomanboutacat.C.buysacatinthebag.D.sellsthecatinthebag.,A,实战演练2,Ifyouwanttobeamusician,youusuallyhavetomovetoanareathathasalotofjobs,suchasNewYorkCity.Thecostoflivingintheseareasisusuallyveryhigh.Thethirddisadvantageisthatyoucanthaveastablefamilylife.Differentjobswilltakeamusiciantodifferentplaces,somostmusiciansareunabletohavearegularfamily.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stable”meaninChinese?_A.幸福的B.稳定的C.健康的,B,（三）推理判断考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合归纳能力。,下面哪些方式属于推理判断题？Wecaninfer(推断)fromthestorythat_Whatsthepassagemainlyabout?Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_Accordingtothestory,whatwouldhappennext?Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat_Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?,_,1、事实推理：先在文章中找出据以推断的文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。,Secondly,anewsstoryhastobeinterestingandunusual.Peopledontwanttoreadstoriesabouteverydaylife.Asaresult,manystoriesareaboutsomekindofdangerandseemtobe“bad”news.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyoumostpossiblywatchonTV?_Youoftenplayfootballwithyourfriendsafterschool.Yourteacherhasgotacold.Atigerinthecityzoohasrunoutandhasntbeencaught.Thebikeinfrontofyourhouseislost.,C,danger,bad,Whenyoucoughorsneeze,pleaseturnyourheadawayfromothersandcoveryourmouthwiththefullpartofyourhand.Afterwards,youshouldsay,“Excuseme.”ThisisaruleIsetformystudents.Itissosimple,butmanykidshaveneverbeentoldtodothis.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”mean?_DontcoughorsneezeinfrontofpeopleDontstandbesidesomeonewhocoughsorsneezes.Manypeoplecoughorsneezeontheundergroundtrain.Coveryourmouthwhencoughingorsneezingandsaysorry.,D,解题技巧：推断题在文章无法直接找到答案，须在正确理解文章字面意思的基础上，运用逻辑推理的方法，综合主旨句、主题句和上下文信息以及作者的措辞，作出总结性的判断。同时要特别注意代词所指代的对象,（四）归纳主旨大意:主要包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题目等,常见的提问方式有：(1）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2)Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat_(3)Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea?(4)Thepassageismainlyabout_(5)Thebesttitleforthestoryis_(6)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?,Canyoufindthetopicsentence?,Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustliveinagroup,andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesonelivingthingkillsanother,oneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertolive,andtogethertheyformafoodchain.Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthelinksdisappears.,2.Readingisagoodhabit,buttheproblemis,therestoomuchtoreadthesedays,andtoolittletimetoreadeverywordofit.Therearehundredsofskillstohelpyoureadmoreinlesstime.HerearetwoskillsthatIthinkareespeciallygood.,_,_,解题技巧：此类题目多出现于议论文和说明文。要确定文章的主题思想，最重要的是要找到主题句。主题句一般在段首或段尾，有时也在中间。,3.DoyouknowmoreandmoreChineseartistshavemaderegulardonationstocharityorputtheireffortsintocharityworkinChina?Hereletsknowsomeofthem.,Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?_A.Chinesecharitywork.B.CharityworkofsomeChineseartists.C.SomefamousChineseartists.D.OrganizationsstartedbyChineseartists.,B,_,（五）作者的意图、态度和目的题,1、作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及修饰手段中体会出来。常见的提问方式有：(1)Whatisthewriterspurposeinwritingthepassage?(2)Thewriterprobablyfeelsthat_(3)Whatisthewritersmainpoint?(4)Whatisthewritersattitudetowards?(5)Inthepassagethewritertriestotellusthat_(6)Thewritersuggest(暗示)that_(7)Thewriterwantstoprovethat_,题目都是围绕作者的意图、目的和态度,解题技巧:正确理解文章中反映作者态度和观点的关键词，同时通过选项中的关键词来推断正确答案，学会根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，要区别作者的态度和其他人的态度，不应把你自己的态度渗透其中。TodayIcanironprettywell.Iknowwheretostartonashirtandtherightwaytodothetrousers.NowwhenIthinkaboutit,Idontthinksheisanoldlady.Ithinshemighthavebeenaboutmyagenow.Anyway,whenIiron,IthinkofherandsilentlythankherforallthethingsIlearned.Nowthewriter_A.isstillafraidoftheladyB.hatesthestrictlady.C.admiresthedisabledlady.D.isverygratefultothelady.,D,Readthepassageandfinishtheexercises,Happinessisimportantforeveryone.Mostpeoplewanttobehappybutfewknowhowtofindhappiness.Moneyandsuccessdontbringlastinghappiness.Happinessdependsonourselves.Inotherwords,wemakeourownhappiness.Somepeoplebelievethatiftheyarewealthy,theywillbeabletodoanythingtheywant,whichmeanshappiness.Ontheotherhand,somepeoplebelievethatholdingahighpositioninthegovernmentishappiness.Inthisway,youhavenotonlymoney,butalsomanyotherthingswhichcantbeboughtbymoney.However,otherpeoplebelievethathavinglotsofmoneyisnothappiness,norisholdingahighpositioninthegovernment.Thesepeoplevalue(重视)theirbeliefs,ortheirintelligence,ortheirhealth.Theythinkthesecanmakethemhappy.,Hereareafewwaystohelpyoubehappier.Thefirstsecretofhappinessistoenjoythesimplethingsinlife.Toooften,wespendsomuchtimethinkingaboutthefuture,forexample,gettingintocollegeorgettingagoodjobthatwedontenjoythepresent.Youshouldenjoylifessimplepleasures,suchasreadingagoodbook,listeningtoyourfavoritemusic,orspendingtimewithclosefriends.Peoplewhohaveclosefriendsusuallyenjoyhappierandhealthierlives.Thesecondsecretofhappinessistobeactive.Manypeoplegodancingorplaysports.Peoplecanforgetabouttheirproblemsandonlythinkabouttheactivities.Finally,manypeoplefindhappinessinhelpingothers.Accordingtostudies,peoplefeelgoodwhentheyvolunteertheirtimetodomanymeaningfulthingsforotherpeople.Ifyouwanttofeelhappier,dosomethingniceforsomeone.Youcanhelpafriendwithhisorherstudies,goshoppingtogetfoodforanoldneighbor,orsimplyhelparoundthehouse.Nowmaybeyouknowhowtofindhappiness!,()1.Somepeoplewhoholdahighpositioninthegovernmentthinktheycan_.()2.Theunderlinedword“wealthy”means_inthearticle.()3.Wecaninfer（推断）thatManypeoplefindithappyto_.()4.Thepassagemainlytellsus_.()5.Thewriterthinksthesecretofhappinessisthatpeople_,A,考查事实细节,A,归纳主旨大意,B,推理判断,D,猜测生词,C,推测作者的意图、态度、目的,要充满自信要善于抓关键句和主题句要有文中信息支持点要扫读全文,Letstry,HomeworkforToday,1.Finishofftheotherpassagesonthepaper.2.Guessthemeaningsofthenewwordsinpassages.,Thankyou!,表示因果关系的：because,as,since,for,so,asaresult表示同义关系的：and,like,justas表示反义关系的：but,however,though,although,yet,instead(of)等等。,（3）.根据关联词猜词,1.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwassofaint2.Tomisveryrude,buthisbrotherisquitepolite.3.Sheisbeautiful,andherdaughterisasprettyasher.,(昏暗的）,(有礼貌的),(漂亮的),点击中考,Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChinese?_A.自来水B.大气C.冰川D.蒸汽,D,（4）根据生活经验及普通常识猜词,Chinaisourmotherland.Kangaroomothershavepouchestocarrytheirbabies.3.Itsreallycoldoutside,andmyhandsarebothnumb.,(祖国),(育儿袋),(冻僵了的,麻木的,失去知觉的),2.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.,4.Theboyhadahappyfamilybefore.However,afterthewar,hebecamehomeless.,Exercises:Guessthemeaningofthenewwordsquickly.,Wealthymeanshavinglotsofmoney.,5.Youmuststopdreamingandfacereality.,(富裕的，有钱的）,(有害的),(现实),3.Mymother-in-law,myhusbandsmother,wasateacher.,(婆婆),(无家可归的）,解题技巧,1.根据作者使用的词语的褒贬去判断作者的态度，正确理解反映作者态度和观点的关键词。2.要区别作者的态度和其他人的态度，不应把自己的态度渗透其中。,解题技巧：找主题句。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文大都采用先总述、后分述的叙事方法，因此主题句大都在段首或篇首。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。那么主题句往往就在段末或篇末。,2.逻辑推理型2)根据计算判断,Ifeveryonesetstheirairconditioning(空调)at26,Beijingwillsave400millionkilowatt-hours(千瓦时)ofelectricityinonesummer.Thatsone-thirdofalltheusageofthecityintheseason,”saidaTVadvertisement.Beijingwilluse_millionkilowatt-hourselectricityinonesummer.A.1200B.800C.400,一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：,A,2.逻辑推理型1）根据常识判断,Onedayweinvitedsomefriendstodinner.Whenitwasaboutsixoclock,mywifefoundthatwehadlittlebread.Sosheaskedourfive-year-olddaughter,Kathy,tobuysome.Oneday,Kathysparentsinvitedsomefriendsto_.A.havebreakfastB.havelunchC.havesupperD.haveaparty.,C,一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：,4.理解词句含义型,Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects(昆虫).Therearealsomanybusinessmen.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.“Chemical”inthestorymeans_.A.化学家B污染品C药品D.化学制品,D,一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：,常用提问方式：Accordingto(根据)thepassage,weknowthat_Thetitle(标题)ofthepassagecanbe_.Thewritertellsus_.Fromthestorywecansee/learn/say_Themainideaofthispassageis_.Whatisthispassageabout?,一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：,3.归纳主旨句,Thewaysofguessingthenewwordsincontext:,遇到生词要冷静,A.利用构词法进行猜测,根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，care(小心)careful(小心的)carefully(小心地);write(写)rewrite(改写)。,un-;dis-;-less:;mis-:;re-:;-ern:-er,-or,-ist:;,2.根据“合成词”猜测。如school+bagschoolbagdown+stairsdownstairs,不无,错误,再,重复,重新,表方向,表示人,Exercises:Matchthemeaningwiththenewwords.,rebuildmodernizeman-madeunsafemisunderstan-ding,不安全的误解重建现代化人造的,1.Alotoftheworldsnaturalresourceslikeoilcomefrompoorcountries.A.环境B.资源C.汽油2.Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.A.帽子B.雨鞋C.眼镜3.Mymomwasalittleheavy.AndIwasalmostasplumpasmymom.A.丰满B.苗条C.强壮4.Childrenhaveschoolbagswithtwostrapstocarrythem.A.口袋B.肩带C.纽扣,Exercises:Choosetherightanswer.,二.阅读理解解题方法,1.先看文章,再看试题.2.先看试题,然后带着问题再看文章.(常用方法)三.阅读理解解题步骤1.扫读:即快速阅读,通览全文.发现关键句(特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句.2.细读:集中精力研读课文,分清文章体裁,把握文章中心和主要内容,进而掌握文章细节信息(五个W,who,what,when,where,why)3.查读:认真检查,尽量减少答题错误.,Mr.andMrs.Bellareveryforgetful.Forexample,Mr.BellsometimesgoestohisofficeforworkonSundaymorning,forhethinksitisMonday.AndMrs