必修五省略及Unit5教师版

三、省略 Part one为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：（一）简单句中的省略1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。e.g. (I) Thank you for your help.（括号内为省略的词语，下同）(I) see you tomorrow.(It) Doesnt matter.2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。e.g. (There is) No smoking.(Is there) Anything wrong?Why (do you) not say hello to him?3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。e.g. - Are you going there? - Id like to (go there).He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。e.g. - Are you an engineer?- No, but I want to be.- He hasnt finished the task yet. - Well, he ought to have.4、省略表语。e.g. - Are you thirsty?- Yes, I am (thirsty).5、同时省略几个成分。e.g. Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.- Have you finished your work?- (I have) Not (finished my work) yet.（二）并列句中的省略两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.（三）主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略。e.g. (Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill.(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。e.g. - Is he coming back tonight?- I think so.- Is he feeling better today?- Im afraid not.这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so 及I suppose not. I believed not. I hope not等。（但I dont think so比I think not更常用）。（四）其它省略1、连词that的省略：、宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况（参看“名词性从句”等有关部分）。、在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略。、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。2、不定式符号to的省略、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。e.g. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.、某些使役动词（如let, make, have）及感官动词（如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等）后面作宾语补足的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中须把to复原。e.g. - I saw the boy fall from the tree.- The boy was seen to fall from the tree.、介词but前若有动词do，后面的不定式不带to。e.g. The boy did nothing but play.3、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可省去“主语 + be”部分。（参看“状语从句”有关部分）4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化（参见“倒装句”有关部分）5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。e.g. The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be). Part Two种类例句说明主语的省略Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day), isnt it?Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea.)有时也可省略整个句子的主语和谓语，只保留次要成分。She was poor but (she was) honest.-Did you know anything about the accident?-Not until you told me. (= I didnt know anything about it until you told me.)谓语的省略-what do you think made Mary so upset?-Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset).状语从句的省略Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane), the house looks like tiny toys.If (it is) possible, Ill go there with you.注意状语从句中的主语同主句主语的一致性。不定式的省略The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street.)-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?-I was going to (come yesterday), but I had an unexpected visitor.若不定式后面是完成时，省略时应保留have；不定式后含有动词be的结构时，也要保留be动词。-Did you tell him the news?-I ought to have (told him the news), but I didnt know how to speak.-Are you an engineer?-No, but I want to be.、状语从句中的省略用法一、 如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。1、 when，while引导的时间状语从句e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.2、 if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. Ill not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.3、 though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful. No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）4、 as if，as though引导的方式状语从句e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）二、 than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。e.g. He is taller than his brother (is). I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.三、 以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm. There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.、定语从句中的省略用法关系词的省略 关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. I dont like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.、虚拟语气中if及should的省略1、 当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. = Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.2、 Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.、不定式符号to的省略1、 感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch)2、 do nothing but，cant help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。E.g. We didnt do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday. Hearing the news, she couldnt help but cry.3、 在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didnt want to.、So和not的替代性省略用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，Im afraid等连用e.g. Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? I suppose not.、日常交际中的省略在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。e.g. How many copies do you want? - (I want) Three copies, please. - Have you ever been to the Great Wall? - No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).省略句练习1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II) A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV) A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 6. When _ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春) A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 7. Though _ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷) A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 8. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 9. You re always working. Come on, lets go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping. (NMET 2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春) A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That 10. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002上海春) A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 11. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷) A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 12. It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails. (NMET 2004天津卷) A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything 13. Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ hes done for you. (NMET 2004全国卷) A. something B. anything C. all D. that 14. As youve never been there before, Ill have someone _ you the way. (MET 1990上海卷) A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed 15. Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? Not at all, _ . (NMET 1995) A. I have no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to 16. Does your brother intend to study German? Yes, he intends _ . (NMET 1998上海卷) A. / B. to C. so D. that 17. Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight? _ . (NMET 1999上海卷) A. Yes, Id like to go to the Grand Theatre B. Id like to, but I have an exam tomorrow C. No, I wont D. Thats right 18. You should have thanked her before you left. I meant _ , but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷) A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to 19. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (NMET 1994上海卷) A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 20. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (NMET 1995上海卷) A. If it is not B. Were C. Had it not been D. If they were not 21. I will know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _ . (NMET 2004 江苏卷) A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else 22. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _ any end to their influence on mans lives. (NMET 2004 广东卷) A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there 23. I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! _ . (NMET 2004全国卷III) A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I Keys: 15 BCDBA 610 AADCA 1115 AACBD 1620 BBBBC 2123 BCB一、知识点1. First aid急救。n aid of支持，援助with the aid of sb.=with sb.s aid 在某人的帮助下aid sb.to do sth.帮助某人去做 aid sb.in/with 为（事）帮助某人give/offer aid 援助come to sb.s aid 帮助某人cut off aid （突然）终止援助a hearing aid 助听器teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护2. if possible如果可能的话A single room with a bath,if possible.可能的话我要单人房间，带浴室。3.sth happen to sb.某人怎么了happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事It happens that 碰巧做某事e.g We happen to hold the same view.我们的想法不谋而合。5. act as 充当，扮演，起作用The forest will act as a defense against desert dust. 森林能起防御沙漠灰沙的作用。6. sense of touch 触觉 a sense of 一种。感a good sense of smell. 嗅觉很灵敏。a sense of humor幽默感no sense of shame. 没有羞耻感a sense of sight hearing, smell, taste, touch 视觉听觉, 嗅觉, 味觉, 触觉a sense of duty 责任感sense of beauty 美感sense of direction 方向感 sense of honor 荣誉感 sense of values 价值观sense of justice 正义感 sense of hunger 饥饿感sense of responsibility 责任感 the sixth sense 第六感make sense 有道理;讲得通 make no sense7. get burned 烧伤Dont expose yourself to the sun for too long. You will get burned 别在太阳下晒得太久，你会被晒伤。8. the treatment of burns 治疗烧伤 treatment 不可数名词 “ 对待, 待遇,处理; 治疗The workers received good treatment from the government. 工人们受到政府优厚的待遇.可数名词“疗法”They are trying a new treatment for cancer.他们正在试验治疗癌症的新疗法。be under treatment 在治疗中be under ones treatment 接受某人的治疗for treatment 进行治疗 treatment for + 疾病的名词 治病的方法9. a variety of各种各样的 = variousPeople start running for a variety of reasons.人们开始跑步的理由各种各样。10 put ones hands on 常用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中，意为“找到，得到”。Im afraid I cant put my hand(s) on the book you want. 恐怕我一时找不到你想要的那本书。11. mild sunburn轻度的晒伤12. take a few weeks to heal 需要数星期才能痊愈13. remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉，必要时可以用剪刀。remove ones shoes coat 脱鞋上衣remove all doubts 消除一切怀疑remove the cloth from the table 把桌上的桌布拿走15 stick to 坚持，忠于，信守；紧跟，紧随；粘贴在上16. a basin of cold water 一盆冷水17. squeeze out 拧出t squeeze the juice out of a lemon 榨出柠檬汁squeeze money out of from sb. 勒索某人的钱财18. over and over again 反反复复地，再三地=time and time again=on and onThey sang the same song over and over again.他们把同一首歌唱了一遍又一遍。17. the wound may get infected. 伤口会感染wound, injure, harm 与 hurt:wound 一般指外伤，如枪伤，刀伤等，尤指在战场上受伤；也可指在感情上荣誉方面的创伤。injure 常指因意外或事故而造成的损伤，还可表示在感情上，荣誉上的伤害，可用于人或物。harm 指损害有生命的或无生命的东西；也可指肉体上或精神上的损害。hurt 指任何肉体或精神上的伤害。尤其指打伤，刺伤；还可表示“疼痛”。a gun wound 枪伤a wound to her pride 伤了她的自尊心The soldier was wounded in the arm. 这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。be infected with cholera 被传染上霍乱One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon infected other children. 班上的一个孩子发烧了，不久他就传染上了其他孩子。19. Hold the bandage in place with tape. 用胶布把绷带固定in place 在适当的位置；适当的out of place 不得其所的，不适当的in place of 代替,取代,交换 .20 1) Its vital that (should)+ v原It is vital that we move quickly. 我们必须快速离开。 2） Be vital to/ for The understanding between each other is vital to friendship. 相互理解对于友谊是至关重要的.3) a vital wound 致命伤 a vital question 生死攸关的问题22 become the victim of (=fall a victim to)成为.的牺牲品/受害者23. John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another. 在颁奖大会上，约翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。present n.礼物 ,目前 adj.在场，出席，当前的 v.颁发，授予，赠给present sth. to sb. 授予/赠给某人某物present sb. with sth 授予/赠给某人某物at present 目前;现在for the present 暂时;暂且be present at 出席;到场perform the opening closing ceremony 举行开幕闭幕式The firm recognized Toms outstanding work by giving him an extra bonus. 公司发给汤姆一笔额外奖金以表彰他工作出色.They agreed to recognize the republic in the end. 他们最后终于同意承认这个共和国。Some recognize others by the way they walk or by their voice. 一些人靠别人走路的姿势或说话的声音的方法来识别。24. 本句为强调句型结构,符合It is/wasthat. 结构。强调句型It is/wasthat/who 的用法归纳如下：强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。 强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型: 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？ 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？26. symptom 症状：征兆The symptom of.Be symptomatic of.27. 1) apply forI want to apply for the job. 我想申请这项工作。2) apply sth to 把某物应用在。3）apply oneself to专心从事，埋头于）Students should apply themselves to their study. 学生们应该专心致志地学习。（专心；集中精力Application applicant28. There is no doubt that 毫无疑问，doubt 名词，意思是“怀疑”、“疑惑”、“疑问”。(肯定句） 主语+doubt whether/ is（否定句） 主语+not doubt that 从句I have no doubt about the thing she mentioned yesterday.我对她昨天所提起的那件事完全没起疑心。We have no doubt of his ability.我们相信他的能力。I have no doubt that it will bring about closer ties between us.我相信这必将使我们的联系更加紧密。There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。I doubt whether if he is at home. 我看他不一定在家。I do not doubt that he can recite it. 我相信他能把它背下来。29. a knowledge of知道；了解；熟悉a knowledge of French懂法语 She has a good knowledge of London.她对伦敦的情形很熟悉。knowledge做不可数名词：知识We go to school to get knowledge about many different things. 我们上学是为了得到关于各种事物的知识。30 make a difference: 有影响，起重要作用We want to find meaning in our lives and feel that our contributions make a difference. 我们需要找到生命中的意义，感受到我们的努力使之发生了巨大的变化。31. attend a special reception 出席了特殊的招待会1)attend school上学attend a lecture听讲课attend church去教堂attend a meeting出席会议attend (at) a wedding出席婚礼2)attend on 服侍, 照料; 陪, 随从attend upon服侍, 照料; 陪, 随从attend to倾听, 注意, 留心；关心, 照顾, 护理; 办理32. get involved in 涉及，卷入，参与到If you get involved in the conflicts, you may burn your fingers. 要是你卷入这场冲突的话，你会吃苦头的。33. Do you think it is worthwhile to take a course in first aid? 你认为学急救课值得么？It is worthwhile visiting the museum. 参观博物馆是值得的。It is worthwhile to consider this point more closely. 更严密地考虑这一点是值得的。34. watch out for戒备, 提防, 密切注意look out for警惕;留心;守侯Watch/Look out for cars when you cross the street.当你过马路时要注意车辆。35. be left out 被忽视，被遗漏leave out省去(不考虑,离开,结束一天的工作)She leave out the date on the cheque.支票上她漏写了日期。Dont leave out the verb in the sentence句子中不能省略动词。36. step by step 逐步地，循序渐进We must do everything step by step.我们必须事情一步一步来。37 a temporary form of help暂时的帮助38 1） fall作系动词fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡fall silent =fall into silence陷入沉寂2）实义fall behind 落后于fall out 解散fall into 掉入 养成（坏习惯）39 an essential part of 一个不可缺少的部分Its essential that should +V n (常用复数)必须品40act as a barrier against disease 扮演一个低于疾病的屏障41within a day or two在一两天之内42 mildly swollen 轻微肿胀mildly painful 轻微疼痛43extremely painful 极度的疼痛44nerves are damaged 神经受损45 take off 脱掉 起飞 事业成功46break the blisters 弄破水泡47 iron clothes 熨衣服48 pick off摘下 脱掉 采摘49 caught fire 着火50 be doingwhen 正在做.突然be about to dowhen 即将做突然be on the point of doingwhen正要去做.突然hashavehad donewhen 刚刚突然51electric shock 触电 电休克52.leave out 省略 忽略 遗漏53.sit up端坐 晚睡 熬夜 坐正54.be fit for 适合 胜任 55.stab in/into 刺入56.constantly interrupted by applause 不断地被掌声打断57.It is said that=be said to do据说58.insist on 坚持 强调 强烈要求 Unit5知识点练习 A组一）单词拼写,首字母已给出。1. What can cause the t_ of the skin? Hot liquid from pans on the stove.2. What is it v_ to do if you have third degree burns?3. What are the s_ of first degree burns? They are dry, red and mildly s_. 4. What he said does not make any s_.5. It makes no d_ whether he attends the meeting or not.6. When you find someone hurt, you should perform first a_ as soon as possible.7. He has a strong s_ of duty.8. The soil has b