数控专业中英文翻译

Intelligent Open CNC Technology I. Technical Overview Industrial countries around the world through the development of CNC technology, a CNC machine tool industry, prompting machinery industry entered a new modern stage of historical development, and thus the structure of the national economy has brought great changes. CNC machine tools is not only an important basis for mechanical and electrical industrial equipment, automotive, petrochemical, electronics and other pillar industries, the primary means of production modernization, NC is the third industrial revolution the world is an important content. Output of CNC machine tool industry itself far less automobile, chemical and other industries, but the high-performance CNC machine tools to the manufacturing industry has brought the benefits of the high rate of production growth and modernization is to promote national economic development of the huge source of power. In particular, numerical control technology in the manufacturing sector expansion and extension of the role and the resulting ripple effect of radiation on the mechanical manufacturing industry sufficient structure, product structure, specialized division of labor, machining methods and management models, the production of social division of labor, business operational mechanism of profound change. In CNC machine tools are widely used in the numerical control technology, is a machining process using computer control information in a variety of digital computing, processing, and high-performance drive units through the implementation of mechanical components for automatic control of high-tech. The current equipment has been used a lot of CNC machining technology, the most typical and most widespread is the application of CNC machine tools. The machining process of the diversity and complexity of machining parts, CNC machine tools to the specifications, types and properties very different from the complexity of the control parameters, debugging complicated operation, so in general will continue the rapid development of computer technology and its architecture , the modern automatic control theory and modern technology to a new generation of power electronics CNC machine tools, we should emphasize them with open and intelligent features. 1. Open Requires a new generation of CNC machine tool control system is an open, modular architecture, its features are: Modular elements in the realization of the system at the same time, there should be standardized between these elements can be provided by the different elements of the buyer free to combine, which can easily constitute a complete system. As follows: - Elements of the system should be modular, while the interface between the modules must be standardized; - System software, hardware configuration should be transparent, portable; - System should have the continuous upgrade capability. At the same time the mechanical structure of a new generation of CNC machine tools also should be open, should be characterized by: - Function module components using the machine; - A technology plan, processing database to users; - Use of information technology will be a reasonable allocation of social resources, manufacturing machinery manufacturing industry gradually establish a perfect virtualization and network-based advanced manufacturing systems, machinery manufacturing resources to be used efficiently, to reduce costs, improve quality, the purpose of reducing manufacturing cycle. 2. Intelligent The so-called intelligent control system, is smart with anthropomorphic features, the numerical control system with simulation, extension, expansion of the intelligent behavior of the knowledge processing activities, such as self-learning, adaptive, self-organization, self-optimizing, Zi calm, self-recognition from planning, self-healing, self-reproduction. Through the intelligent CNC machining accuracy and efficiency of physical testing, modeling, feature extraction, processing system automatically senses the internal state and external environment, to quickly make the best goal of the intelligent decision-making, feed rate, cutting depth , coordinate movement, spindle speed and other parameters in real-time control, so that the processing machine at its best. The current NC system functionality required not only high performance (high-speed, high precision and high reliability), but also includes many smart features, such as the processing of motion planning, reasoning, decision-making ability and perception processing environment, manufacturing, network communication capacity (including the interaction with others), intelligent programming, intelligent databases, intelligent surveillance. Practice has proved that these intelligent technology, also used in the 21st century, the adjustment of a new generation of CNC machine tools, use and maintenance of all aspects, so that human intervention greatly simplified, to apply smart technology, human machine interface for packaging, to make full use of natural language, artificial Windows interface and simple operation, so that adjustment of the machine, use and maintenance tends to be fool. Second, the status quo and development trend of domestic and foreign 1. Overseas Development Throughout the history of the development of numerical control technology, is easy to see the development of numerical control technology step through the development of computer technology continues to develop, from 1956 to the present, has gone through four stages as follows: In 1956 -1974, the era of proprietary hardware NC; 1975 -1989, the special computer numerical control era, that era of the microprocessor NC ( PC); In 1990 -1995, BASIC PCs CNC times; Since 1996, started the whole PC open a new stage of intelligent CNC. The first three stages of the NC devices there are the following limitations: - Not free to select the information from the information network; - Not open architecture, user interface imperfections, machinery manufacturers and users can not independently numerical control system according to crop needs, the users own technical know-how is not easy to integrate into, and create their own brand names; - Can not fully utilize the existing resources of common software; - Can not be free access to the external condition information; - Architecture many, is not conducive to mass production, improve reliability and reduce costs, reduce the market supply capacity and competitiveness, while limiting the development of numerical control technology. In recent years the United States, the European Community, Japan and other countries have taken measures, a lot of money, the joint of the plant, or even more countries to study a new generation of numerical control systems, from the foregoing information, the world is in the NC Technology All PC CNC open architecture platform, turning the era, the turn is adapted to computer technology, information technology, network technology, the inevitable result of technological development. As modern machinery industry gradually to flexible, integrated, intelligent direction, so must be stressed that a new generation of numerical control technology to have an open and intelligent features. Developed countries have taken measures in recent years, lots of manpower and financial resources to organize a new generation of superior forces and open architecture CNC with intelligent features technology development and research, including the United States of NGC and OMAC plan, the EC OSACA plan, OSEC plans. CNC machine tool mechanical structure is more inclined to open, to meet the diverse needs of the modern machinery for processing, a new generation of CNC machine tools has the following characteristics: (1) according to the modular machine structure, the principles of design and manufacturing series in order to shorten lead times, best meet the needs of the users process. (2) As many parts of NC machine tool quality indicators continue to improve, gradually increase the variety of specifications, a more substantial mechanical and electrical integration, functional parameters of the increasingly numerous and so dedicated to supporting a variety of CNC machine features are fully commercialized, to build a competitive machine tool plant created the conditions. (3) to the users, CNC Machine Tool Plant of the developed countries are actively building completely open product sales service system. Part to establish an open laboratory, establishment of self-service CNC machine operator and maintenance training center. (4) using information network technology to a variety of manufacturing resources in society were based on the rational combination of processing tasks and call the 21st century advanced manufacturing technology development trend, the worlds countries are active in research in this area. (5) artificial intelligence technology in the promotion and application of CNC technology. With the continued penetration in the computer field of artificial intelligence and development of the intelligent CNC system development. In the new generation of CNC system and servo devices, the use of evolutionary computation (Evolutionary Computation), Fuzzy Systems (Fuzzy System) and neural networks (Neural Network) and other three new control mechanism, the performance greatly increased. This high-performance intelligent CNC system not only has the automatic programming, feedforward control, adaptive cutting, self-generating process parameters, motion parameters of dynamic compensation and other functions, more features are taken into account operational factors used in the very present friendly interface. The current principle of fuzzy control systems, and CNC EDM with a self-learning, self-established mathematical model, high-performance self-tuning parameters of the servo drive CNC machine tools and existing products in the market with a strong competitive edge. 2. Current Situation and Development of numerical control technology gap Chinas CNC technology, in the Eighth Five-Year key in order to seize the opportunity to own the copyright for the proposed target to platform-based development strategy, but also in the research process, aiming or adjustment to the development of PC-based route , and thus the formation of two platforms, developed four basic systems, central China and the Chinese I-I-NC-specific template is embedded into a single general-purpose PC NC system bodies, space and the blue sky I-I-is embedded in the PC, being composed of CNC multi-machine CNC system, the formation of the typical structure of front, the domestic unit also has developed other open architecture system. However, in general terms, but only at the initial stage, although different systems direction to the PC platform, but in the concrete implementation of the development there are still some problems. The biggest problem that is open enough, lack of development environment and support measures, as a user easily to the secondary development of the degree of openness is far from being reached, but has considerable technical force of the developer to use, and as able to spread to the general extent of users is not enough. Design by PC-NC system makes CNCs focus from hardware to software, to eliminate the development of the CNC hardware bottlenecks, which could accelerate the production of useful products. And PC-NC, after all, so that the open architecture CNC a big step. In the design and manufacture of CNC machine tools, China has started a modular technology, the CNC machining process parameters, tools, system optimization, intelligent adaptive control have been studied, the intelligent control of it lay the foundation for further study, But the work is only the beginning, still in the fifth during a series of research and development work, tracking the worlds digital technology, to promote the development of numerical control industry. Third, the fifth major research objectives and 1. Target In order to further improve Chinas CNC technology, CNC machine tools industry, the Chinese can get a place in the international competition, Chinas development strategy of numerical control technology, in conjunction with the characteristics of Chinas economic development, first with open, intelligent features CNC technology for innovative research, to focus on CNC turning, milling, grinding and processing power on the basis of advanced manufacturing technologies and processes, and then develop a generation of open, intelligent CNC lathes, CNC milling machine (including the processing center) and CNC EDM products. 2. Main content Development of a new generation of open CNC system. Construction of open CNC system, interface and protocol research, including research systems, subsystems and functional modules hierarchical control structure, open CNC system interface and the Protocol. a new generation of intelligent CNC system. Developed and worked out for turning, milling, machining centers, electrical generation of intelligent processing, and other basic computer numerical control system and the corresponding intelligent programming system. Including research and development of intelligent CNC system hardware, software specification and implementation in the main production base of CNC; development of two common systems (turning, machining centers) three applications (turning centers, five-sided machining centers, intelligent power processing ); intelligent programming system. spindle and servo-drive a new generation of innovative research and development work out the corresponding high-performance servo drives and motors, including self-learning, self-tuning parameters, all-digital, low-cost type of linear motor and drive. Development of efficient numerical control equipment. According to the principles of modular design, developed a highly efficient processing unit, developed a highly efficient CNC milling machine, crankshaft grinder, laser forming, CNC machining centers and integrated high-speed engraving and milling machines and other highly efficient CNC machine tools, and further developed the idea and design platform for intelligent and efficient processing unit robot flexible manufacturing cell. common basis for a new generation of flexible manufacturing equipment, technology and research. Various types of CNC machine tools including the new module design, reliability, design, mechanical design optimization of structural characteristics, computer-aided industrial design, new materials and a sense of control compensation, integrated precision contour compensation technology, high-speed high-precision axis unit, tool and integrated tool system, handling and transmission, cooling and protective, functional integration, a sense of control of integrated manufacturing and processing technologies. machining theory and method of flexible automation. Including the commercialization of flexible manufacturing cell, quasi-practical flexible manufacturing system, flexible multi-standard processing techniques, multi-format production unit of flexible manufacturing technology. 7.common basis for a new generation of flexible manufacturing equipment, technology and research. Various types of CNC machine tools including the new module design, reliability, design, mechanical design optimization of structural characteristics, computer-aided industrial design, new materials and a sense of control compensation, integrated precision contour compensation technology, high-speed high-precision axis unit, tool and integrated tool system, handling and transmission, cooling and protective, functional integration, a sense of control of integrated manufacturing and processing technologies. 8.machining theory and method of flexible automation. Including the commercialization of flexible manufacturing cell, quasi-practical flexible manufacturing system, flexible multi-standard processing techniques, multi-format production unit of flexible manufacturing technology. 开放式智能化数控技术 一、技术概述 世界各工业发达国家通过发展数控技术、建立数控机床产业，促使机械加工业跨入一个新的“现代化”的历史发展阶段，从而给国民经济的结构带来了巨大的变化。数控机床不但是机电工业的重要基础装备，是汽车、石化、电子等支柱产业生产现代化的主要手段，数控机床也是世界第三次产业革命的一个重要内容。数控机床产业本身的产值远不如汽车、化工等产业，但高效能的数控机床给制造业带来了高倍率的效益增长和现代化的生产方式，是促进国家国民经济发展的巨大源动力。特别是数控技术在制造业的扩展与延伸所产生的辐射作用和波及效果足以对机械制造业的产业结构、产品结构、专业化分工方式、机械加工方式及管理模式、社会的生产分工、企业的运行机制等带来深刻的变化。 在数控机床中得到广泛应用的数控技术，是一种采用计算机对机械加工过程中各种控制信息进行数字化运算、处理，并通过高性能的驱动单元对机械执行构件进行自动化控制的高新技术。当前已有大量机械加工装备采用了数控技术，其中最典型而应用面最广的是数控机床。由于机械加工工艺的多样性和加工零件的复杂性，使数控机床的规格、品种多样、性能差异极大，控制参数复杂，调试操作繁琐，因此在将不断飞速发展的通用计算机技术及其体系结构、现代自动控制理论及现代的电力电子技术应用于新一代数控机床时，要强调使其具有“开放式”与“智能化”的特点。 1“开放式”要求新一代数控机床的控制系统是一种开放式、模块化的体系结构，其特点是：在实现系统构成要素模块化的同时，要通过这些要素之间的标准化，能够将由不同买方提供的要素自由地结合起来，从而能方便地构成完整的系统。具体如下： 系统的构成要素应是模块化的，同时各模块之间的接口必须是标准化的； 系统的软件、硬件构造应是“透明的”、“可移植的”； 系统应具有“连续升级”的能力。 同时新一代数控机床的机械结构也应是开放式的，其特点应是： 采用功能模块部件组成的机床； 采用“工艺策划”、“加工数据库”向用户开放； 采用“信息技术”将社会制造资源的合理调配逐步在机械制造业建立完善的虚拟化与网络化的先进制造体系，使机械制造业资源高效地被利用，达到降低成本、提高质量、缩短制造周期的目的。2智能化 所谓智能化数控系统，是指具有拟人智能特征，在数控系统中具有模拟、延伸、扩展的智能行为的知识处理活动，如自学习、自适应、自组织、自寻优、自镇定、自识别、自规划、自修复、自繁殖等。智能数控系统通过对影响加工精度和效率的物理量进行检测、建模、提取特征、自动感知加工系统的内部状态及外部环境，快速做出实现最佳目标的智能决策，对进给速度、切削深度、坐标移动、主轴转速等工艺参数进行实时控制，使机床的加工过程处于最佳状态。 当前数控系统所需要的功能将不只是高的性能（高速、高精度、高可靠性），而且还包括许多智能功能，如加工运动规划、推理、决策能力以及加工环境的感知能力、制造网络通信能力（包括与人的交互）、智能编程、智能数据库、智能监控等。 经过实践证明，上述的“智能化”技术，在21世纪还要应用于新一代数控机床的调整、使用与维修等各个环节，使人工参与大为简化，要应用“智能化”技术，对人机界面进行包装，要充分利用自然语言、视窗界面和简单化的人工运作，使机床的