Unit1 Living well-Grammar动词不定式.ppt

Unit1,RevisetheInfinitive,livingwell,结构:todo;(否定)nottodo,二.时态与语态,不定式,todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tohavebeendoing,-,-,(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.,(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.,(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎同时/发生在它之后.),(进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),(4).Werehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续),1.作主语,2.作宾语,6.作宾语补足语,4.作定语,5.作状语,3.作表语,7.作独立成分,8.与疑问词等连用,TheInfinitive,subject,object,predictive,attribute,adverbial,objectcomplement,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.,Itisfoolishtodothatsortofthing.,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyouhavetodois(to)finishitquickly,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.,Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.,Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.,Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.,be,become,sound,taste,seem,appear,Sheseemstobehappy.,object(宾语):一些动词要用不定式作宾语,常见的动词有want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need等。Hehoped/wished/expectedtogoabroad.Hepromisedtobuymeacomputer.Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.我发现了解他很困难。不定式短语tounderstandhim作真正宾语,it是形式宾语。HefounditimportanttostudyRussian.Thecomputermakesitpossibletocalculatefaster.,句型：think/consider/find/feel/make/it+adj.+todo,attribute(定语)例1：Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?例2:Heisthemantodependon.,注意:不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系;如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需有适当的介词。,不定式及其短语作定语只能放在名词的后面,以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语,如:chance,way,opportunity,time,thefirst,thelast,thesecond,theonly等词后,在havetodo和therebe句型中。e.g.没有人可以照看他.Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.只有五种式样可供选择.Thereareonlyfivepairstochoosefrom.,不定式在以下形容词后:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun等。Thisquestionisdifficult_(answer).Doyouthinkhimeasy_(work)with?这时用主动形式表被动意思。,toanswer,towork,adverbial(状语):(1)表示目的【(not)to/(not)inorderto/soas(not)to】Weeattoliveanddontlivetoeat.(2)表示结果(so/suchasto.,enoughto,tooto,onlyto)他这么傻竟相信了这事。Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.另外only常用在不定式的前面,表示出人意料的结果,如:Wearrivedthereonlytofindthetraingone.Hereturnedhomeonlytofindhishousebrokeninto.(3)表示原因:不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,说明产生这种情况的原因,常见的形容词有:sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等Imglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.,不定式中作结果状语的注意点：1）某些形容词在“tooto”结构中表示肯定，这类词是anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willingShewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.2）在not,never,only,all,but等后的”tooto”结构中，”too”的含义为”very”，不定式没有否定含义。Imonlytoogladtostayathome.Itsnevertoooldtolearn.,Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.,引导不定式作宾补的动词：,五看,watch,see,lookat,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listento,hear,一感觉:,feel,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force,expect等,+sbtodosth,+sbdosth（省略to）,Imadehimdohiswork.,Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).变成被动，被省略的to要还原。,不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.,Note1,Note2,WBP49,EX2tofly宾语toworry宾语toattempt主语todo主语toput表语tocompletetoplan表语togo主语tohelp原因状语,EX31.totellspending2.tomakepressing3.cryingtoasktolight4.togetsailing,几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.forgettodosth.forgetdoingsth.remembertodosth.rememberdoingsth.goontodogoondoingregrettodosthregretdoingsthtrytodosthtrydoingsth,停下来去做另一件事停止做忘记去做（没做）忘记做了记得去做记得做过继续做另一件事继续做原来在做的事很遗憾要去做某事（没做）后悔做了某事努力做某事尝试做某事,WBP49,EX11.我忘了让您去社区服务中心了。Iforgottoaskyoutogotothecommunityservicecenter.2.在检查机器之前关掉电源是很重要的。Itisveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.3.我不知道哪儿能找到这种纽扣。Idontknowwheretofindsuchakindofbutton.4.幸运的是，我们没有更多的活儿要做。Luckily,wedonthavemuchmoreworktodo.5.海伦很高兴到过中国20多个省、市。Helenisverypleasedtohavetravelledinmorethan20provincesandcitiesinChina.6.她事业有成，现在最大的愿望就是结婚生子。Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhavesomechildren.,homework,1.SBP51，2，32.金榜P11(句型转换不做)3.课时训练P77,Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.,(7).独立结构,tobefrank,tospeakfranklytobehonest,totellthetruth，tobeginwithtoputitbriefly,Hedidntknow_.,(8).与疑问词等连用,whattosay,不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,Hedidntknowwhattosay.(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语),注意：,在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?,(9)不定式的省略,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?Idliketo.,(2).不定式是tobe或tohavedone结构,be，have不可省.,-Wouldyouliketobeateacher?-Idliketobe.,Hasnthefinishedwritingthereport?No,butheoughttohave.,Martysays,2.Ihavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.,3.Iusedtoclimbtreesandswimandplayfootball.,4.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.,HaveALk,1.Thedoctorsdontknowsotheydontknowhowtomakemewell.,Martysays,HaveALk,5.Evenafterallthetests,noonecouldgivemydiseaseaname,soitisdifficulttoknowwhatthefuturewillbelike.,6.Sometimes,Iamtooweaktogotoschool.,7.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.,8.LastyearIinventedandabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.,Martysays,HaveALk,9.Ihavealotofstudytodoaswell,especiallyafterIhavebeensickforawhile.,10.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife,butithasbeenworthit.,11.IfIhadthechancetosayonethingtohealthykids,itwouldbethis:,12.Justacceptthemforwhotheyareandgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.,介词,Exercise,1.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating2.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented,4.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep6.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake,7.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottorideD.donotto,10.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying11.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.dontmake12.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,13.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitrema