2020高二英语开学串讲练习Unit1Livingwell（串讲）新人教版选修7.docx

选修7 Unit1 Living well重难点大串讲一 词汇串讲 1.disability n.disability可用作可数名词和不可数名词，用作可数名词表“残疾”；用作不可数名词表“无能、劳动能力丧失”。【归纳拓展】able adj.unable adj.enable v.disable v.disabled adj.ability n.disability n.inability n. disability（因疾病）无能She learned to triumph over her disability.她学会了战胜她自身的残疾。His disability caused this thing to fail.他的无能导致了这件事失败。2. beneficial adj. 【归纳拓展】 n.benefit v.benefitIts a beneficial result to us.对我们来说那是有利的结果。Word of mouth advertising is the mostbeneficial.口碑广告是最有利的。It was for the benefit of your company thatwe did that.我们这样做都是为了你们公司的利益。Applications for unemployment benefitsdropped last month.上个月申请失业津贴的人数下降了。A benefit performance will be held tonight.今晚有义演。The plants benefited from the rain.植物得益于这场雨。The new hospital will benefit the entirecommunity.新医院将有益于整个社区。A large number of students will benefitfrom the new teaching method.多数学生将从这个新的教学方法中得益。【归纳拓展】be beneficial to有益于benefitvt.&vi.（常与from,by连用）获益；得益于beneficial是形容词benefit既可作名词又可作动词3.adaptvt.I have learned to adapt to my disability.我已经学会了适应我的残疾。He adapted himself to the cold weather.他适应了寒冷的天气。When he moved to Canada,the childrenadapted to the change very well.他移居加拿大后孩子们很能适应变化。Here is a letter adapted from DearMary,Philadelphia Bulletin,March 9,1973.这里摘登一封亲爱的玛丽的回信,刊登在1973年3月9日的费城公报上。【归纳拓展】adapt for使适合于;为改编/改写adapt from根据改写/改编adapt oneself to使自己适应或习惯于某事adapt sth.to使某事物适应或适合特别提示adapt adjust fit suit match 都含“适合、适应”的意思。adapt指“修改或改变以适应新条件”,如:You should adapt yourself to the newenvironment.你应该适应新环境。adjust指“调整、调节”使之适应,如:You cant see through the telescope untilit is adjusted to your eyes.你把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后,你才看得见。fit多指“大小适合”,引伸为“吻合”,如:The shoes fit me well.这鞋我穿正好。suit多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”,如:No dish suits all tastes.众口难调。match指“大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称”,如:A red jacket doesnt match green trousers.红上衣与绿裤子不相配。4.annoyvt.I do not get annoyed.我一点也不生气。These flies are annoying me.这些苍蝇真让人讨厌。Were annoyed at his cavalier treatment ofhis old friends.他用这种傲慢的态度对待老朋友,我们都感到气愤。【归纳拓展】be annoyed with sb.for/at sth.为(某事)对(某人)生气特别提示annoy bother都含有“使恼怒”或“使烦恼”的意思。annoy指由于干扰、不顺利或受不了某种外界情况等而“使烦恼、懊恼”,如:I was annoyed by his bad manners.他的无礼使我恼怒。bother指不停地“扰乱、麻烦”,使人不能安宁,而产生烦恼的心理。如:Pardon me for bothering you with such asmall matter.请原谅我为这点小事麻烦你。5.conductn.v.Why has his fellow students conduct changedtowards Marty?为什么马蒂的同学对他的行为有所改变？His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。Your children conduct themselves well.你的孩子们品行良好。My aunt conducts her business verysuccessfully.我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。The headmaster conducted us round theschool.校长带领我们在学校里参观了一圈。【归纳拓展】conduct n.(1)行为、品行(2)进行、引导、领导、指导(3)护送、带领(乐队等)(4)管/处理、实施(5)方法、情节conduct vt.(1)进行(2)引导、带领、牵引(3)指挥(4)导（电）(5)表现(6)处理、经营、实施Conduct vi.(1)引/指导、指挥乐队演奏(2)任售票员(3)传导特别提示conduct+or构成名词（公共汽车、电车等的）“售票员”，（乐队的）指挥等。6.resign v.If Tom resigns, who will get the job?如果汤姆辞职，谁会得到这份工作？He resigned his post because he had beenoffered a better job.他辞职了，因为他有了更好的工作。【归纳拓展】resignation n.辞职（书），遗弃He handed in his resignation.他递交了辞职书。resigned adj.属从的，顺从的特别提示resign oneself to使（自己）听任，顺从7.assistancen.UI was given some assistance in coming to mydecision.我作出这项决定时得到过一些帮助。Unless we receive more financial assistancefrom the government, the hospital will have to close.如果我们得不到政府财政上更多的援助，这家医院就得停办。【归纳拓展】assist v.帮助assistant n.助理，助手特别提示help和assistant的同义词辨析：动词help和assistant的含义往往相同，但assistant较正式，而且总是暗示被帮助者自己也在做一部分工作。I cant push the car on my ownwill someone help /assistant me?我自己推不动这辆车，有谁能帮我一下吗？If someone is in difficulties,you helpthem.（不能用assistant）若某人处于困境，你帮助他。help后面可以接动词不定式，而assistant则不能这样用。8.companionn.He is a good traveling companion for me.对我来说他是一个好的旅行伙伴。I hope she will become the companion of mylifetime.我希望她能成为我的终生伴侣。【归纳拓展】companionship n.伴侣关系，友谊companionable adj.适宜做伴的，友好的特别提示companion to与另一物相配之物I used to have a companion to that vase,butI broke it.我那个花瓶以前是一对，但我把另一个打碎了。9.congratulate v.We congratulated her on the birth of herdaughter.我们祝贺她喜得千金。She congratulated herself on not lookingher age.她非常庆幸自己不显老。【归纳拓展】congratulation n.恭喜，道贺特别提示Congratulations(on.)!祝贺你（）!10.accessibleadj.The island is accessible only by boat.这岛只有乘小艇才能去。A manager should be accessible to hisstaff.经理应该让职员感到平易近人。The information ought to be made moreaccessible.资料应该（整理得）明白易懂。【归纳拓展】access n.进入，入口，取得的方法，权利等accession n.就职，就任，继位特别提示have no access to education没有受教育的机会a sudden access of wealth财富的突然增多11.all in allAll in all,I have a good life.总而言之，我生活得很愉快。All in all，it was a pleasant trip today.总之，今天的旅行是愉快的。【归纳拓展】all in all/in all一般来说，总的说来 in all总共above all尤其是，重要的是after all毕竟first of all首先12.make fun ofSo dont feel sorry for the disabled ormake fun of them.因此，不要为残疾人感到遗憾也不要取笑他们。People make fun of her because she wearssuch a strange hat.人们取笑她，因为她戴了一顶这么奇怪的帽子。Its wrong of the other children to makefun of you.其他孩子取笑你是错误的。【归纳拓展】make fun of相当于play a joke on somebody，是“取笑”的意思。laugh at和make fun of的区别如下：make fun of有时是善意的取笑，开玩笑；而laugh at则含有蔑视、看不起的意思。 fun是不可数名词，意为“乐趣”。13.in particularIn particular,I would like you to considerthe following.尤其，我想要你考虑一下以下建议。I noticed her eyes in particular，because they were such an unusualcolour.我尤其注意到她的眼睛，因为它们的颜色非同寻常。He stressed two points in particular.他特别强调了两点。【归纳拓展】in particular=especially。especially意思是“特别地；不寻常地”，强调程度。在进一步补充说明前面所叙述的事的时候，前面一般用逗号隔开，一般用来修饰形容词、介词短语或状语从句。specially意思是“特意地；专门地”，强调目的，一般用在表示目的的不定式或介词for短语前面。be particular about挑剔14absencenC & U缺席；不在U缺乏A stranger brought you this letter during your absence.你不在时，一个陌生人给你捎来了这封信。【归纳拓展】(1)absence of mind 心不在焉in sbs absence 某人不在时in the absence of sth 缺乏某物(2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的 缺乏的be absent from 缺席absentminded adj. 心不在焉的15accessn接近/进入的方法；到达/进入的权利通道；入口Only a few people have access to the full facts of the incident.只有几个人可以知道事件的全部真相。【归纳拓展】have/gain/get/obtain access to 可接近；可进入；可使用accessible/ksesbl/adj. 容易取得的；容易接近的；容易受影响的be accessible to 能接近，可使用16in other words换句话说【归纳拓展】have a word with sb 与某人谈话keep/break ones word 遵守诺言/食言；失信beyond words 无法用语言表达17cut out切下，裁剪【归纳拓展】cut across 抄近路cut away 切，剪，去掉cut down 减少，砍倒cut in 插嘴，插队cut off 切断，阻碍cut up 切碎，使悲痛，使伤心18out of breath上气不接下气Reaching the top of the tower，he was out of breath.到了塔顶他就上气不接下气了。【归纳拓展】catch/hold ones breath 屏息；憋住气lose ones breath 喘不过气二 句型串讲1.used toIn fact,I used to dream about one day beinga famous football player and representing our country in the World Cup.事实是，我过去常常梦想有一天能成为一名著名的足球运动员代表国家参加世界杯比赛。There used to be a bus stop on that corner.在那个拐角上曾有一个公共汽车站。I used to go to office on foot but I dontdo that now.过去我步行上班，但现在我不这样了。【归纳拓展】（1）used to do,be used to sth./doingsth.与be used to doused to表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，但现在已不再发生或存在。（2）be used to sth./doing sth.结构，意为“习惯于”。be可用于多种时态，可用get或become替换，以表示“逐渐习惯于”。（3）be used to sth.意为“被用来做某事”，其中use是及物动词“使用”，是被动结构，不可和系表结构的be use to doing sth.相混淆。2.so thatThere should be a space at the end of eachrow so that people in wheelchairs can sit beside their friends.在每排坐位的后面都应留有空间以便于那些乘坐轮椅的人坐在他们朋友的旁边。Ill show you so that you can see how itsdone.我做给你看，以便使你明白如何做此事。Jack worked hard so that he might get agood job.为了能找到一份好工作，杰克努力工作。【归纳拓展】(1）so that=in order that。但位于句首时，只能用in order that不能用so that。so that既可引导结果状语从句，又可引导目的状语从句，而in order that只能引导目的状语从句。(2）so as to与in order to大致相似，但用于句首时只能用in order to。3.too.toSome days I was too tied to get out of bed.有时候我太疲劳了以致于起不了床。He is too old to work.他太老了不能再工作了。She was too excited to say a word when she heard the news.当她听到这个消息时激动地说不出话来。【归纳拓展】too.to结构一般表示否定含义,意为“太以致于不能”。但too.to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义:(1)当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时。e.g:English is not too difficult to learn.英语并不太难学。(2)当too后是glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,apt,good,true,easy,near,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容词或副词时。e.g:They are too anxious to leave.他们急于离开。Im only too glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。(3)与cannot连用时。e.g:You cannot be too careful(=You cannever be careful enough)to do your homework.你做作业越仔细越好(=无论怎样仔细也不过分)。(4)当不定式在句中作定语或真正的主语时。e.g:There are too many problems to besolved.有很多问题有待解决。4.These stories are very positive and describe thesatisfying lives these young people live even though they have somedifficulties.这些故事都是积极乐观的，描述了这些生活中虽有困难但仍过着满意人生的人们的生活。这是一个由and连接的并列句，the satisfying lives theseyoung people live even though they have some difficulties作第二个简单句中describe的宾语，其中these young people live eventhough they have some difficulties是定语从句修饰lives，其中even thoughthey have some difficulties是定语从句中的一个让步状语从句。5.For the first 12months of its life the puppy lives with a sighted family who give it as manydifferent experiences with people,other animals,traffic and noises as they can.在小狗出生后的最初12个月期间，它生活在有正常视力的家庭里，人们会尽可能地为它提供各种机会接触到更多的人，其他动物以及适应交通和噪音等。这是一个简单句，with短语作伴随状语，其中又包含who引导的定语从句修饰family。6 .Zhang Yunchengsbook describes what his life is like,what his hopes and dreams are and how heovercomes the problems he faces every day.张运成在书里展示了他的生活，他的希望和梦想还有他是怎样克服每天都要克服的困难的情景。三 语法串讲1.综述：动词不定式 to do是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。它还可以有形式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行时，主动式和 被动式。同时，动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。2.动词不定式的构成动词不定式是由不定式符号 to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下 to 也可省略。主动形式 被动形式 否定式一般式 to do/ to be done/ not to do/ not to be done进行式 to be doing/ not to be doing完成式 to have done/ to have been done/ not to have (been) done完成进行式 to have been doing/ not to have been doing2.1不定式的一般式 to do/ to be done not to do/ not to be done不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。（同时发生）To catch the train, wed better hurry to the station by taxi.为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。（赶火车发生在到站之后）2.2不定式的进行式to be doing/ not to be doing不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。Im glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。有时表示即将发生的动作The old man seems to be dying.2.3不定式的完成式 to have done/ to have been done/ not to have (been) done2.3.1不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。Im sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didnt feel very well.我本来想昨晚完成工作的，但是我感觉身体不舒服。It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country.对我来说，被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣幸的事情。2.3.2不定式的完成式可以表示未实现的愿望下列动词的过去式加不定式完成式，或他们的过去完成时加不定式的一般式，可表示过去未曾实现的愿望，计划等，可译为“本打算，原希望”。expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish, would like toI expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他。（但没做到）2.4不定式的完成进行式 to have been doing/ not to have been doing不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 据说他在伦敦一直住了 20 年。Im sorry to have been interrupting you. 很抱歉，我一直打扰你。比较：不定式的时态意义。He is said to be studying abroad.据说他正在国外读书。（不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行）He is said to have studied abroad.据说他在国外学习过。（不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束）2.5不定式的被动形式当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成时两种。2.5.1一般式 to be doneThese are the books to be given out to the students. 这些是要发给学生的书。He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed. 他要求被派往最需要他的地方。2.5.2完成式 to have been doneThe novel is said to have been translated into many languages.据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。He appeared to have been questioned for many times. 看起来他已经被询问过很多次了。2.6不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式由 not 或 never 加不定式构成。Never to have made any mistake is impossible. 从不犯错是不可能的。注意：谓语动词的否定和不定式的否定不同的意义I did not promise to wake him up. 我没有答应叫醒他。I promised not to wake him up. 我答应了不叫醒他。3.动词不定式的用法动词不定式除了不能单独作谓语外，几乎能担任句子中所有的句子成分。3.1动词不定式作主语不定式具有名词的特征，可在句子中充当主语。3.1.1不定式短语在句首作主语To know oneself is difficult. 人贵有自知之明。To say is one thing and to do is another. 说是一回事，做又是另一回事。To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。3.1.2用 it 作形式主语在很多情况下，人们通常用 it 作为形式上的主语，而把不定式移到谓语之后，使句子结构显得平衡一些。Its rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer.背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking effort.想不下苦功就能学会外语是不可能的。It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time. 浪费了这么多时间，真是遗憾。注意：当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。To respect others is to be respected. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。To become a slave is to give up ones freedom. 做奴隶就等于放弃自由。3.2动词不定式作表语不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。His wish is to become an astronaut. 他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。What he hoped was to be admitted into the university. 他希望能被大学录取。To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。注意：有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。The house is to let. 此房出租。The result is not long to see. 结果不久就会看到。3.3动词不定式作宾语不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语，也可以充当 but 和 except 等介词的宾语以及形容词的宾语。3.3.1作动词的宾语不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语。Father likes to listen to music in silence. 父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。He prefers to be starved to death rather than beg. 他宁愿饿死也不愿乞讨。I never thought to meet you here. 我没想到在这里遇见你。常见的可接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, content, continue,contrive, decide, decline, demand, desire, deserve, determine, endeavor, expect, fail，fear, forget,guarantee, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan,prefer, pretend, promise，refuse, remember, seek, swear, think, tend, threaten, try，undertake,venture, want，wish在 feel, find, make, think, consider 等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，人们常常用 it 作形式宾语，而把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. 我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。She made it a rule to get up at five. 她养成了五点起床的习惯。I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. 我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。3.3.2作介词的宾语不定式可以作介词 but 和 except 的宾语。The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard. 老师除了叫他努力学习外，未做任何评价。He had no choice but to sit there as usual. 他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 我们只能耐心等待。注意 1：动词不定式通常不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式前如有疑问词，就可作介词的宾语。Professor Wang gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.注意 2：带 to 不定式与不带 to 不定式的情况: 对于边际情态助动词(need, dare)，如果作情态动词则跟不带 to 不定式，作普通动词则后跟带 to 不定式；特殊地，dare 作情态动词后跟不带 to 不定式，作普通动词 to可有可无 let, make, have 等使役动词 + 宾语，之后用不带 to 不定式，当使役动词为被动态时，则需将不带 to 不定式转为带 to 不定式 see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch, look at, listen to 等感官动词 + 宾语，之后用不带 to 不定式，当上述动词为被动态时，则需将不带 to 不定式转为带 to 不定式 help 或 help + 宾语后既可用带 to 不定式，也可以不带 to 不定式注意区分 cant help (to) do / cant help but do / cant help doing 在某些情态成语后的 to，如 would rather / would sooner / would as soon (宁愿) / may aswell / might as well / cant but / cant help but 后跟不带 to 不定式；一些作“宁愿而不愿”解释的词组，如 would rather than / would sooner than / would assoon as 句型中，省略号处都为不带 to 不定式 介词 except, but 后，如果之前有动词 do 及其变形(do 的某种形式)，则其后跟不带 to不定式，否则不定式带 to，如They did nothing except work. Theres no choice but to wait.形象描述为“有毒(do 及其变形)无兔(to)，有兔(to)无毒(do 及其变形)”(有毒则无兔子)3.4动词不定式作宾语补足语不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。四 话题串讲（一）话题综述本单元的中心话题Living well，让学生学习残疾人凭借顽强的毅力和社会的关爱，去克服生活中的种种困难，以积极的态度面对人生的挑战，对living well with disability有了自己的认识。通过本单元的学习，学生能用英语谈论日常生活中残疾人会面临的出行困难和可能的改进措施，并培养对残疾人的尊重和关爱意识。(2） 话题词汇1. hono(u)r n. 荣誉，光荣；vt.尊敬；给予荣誉2. inspire vt.鼓舞；激励3. seize vt.抓住(时机等)4. achievement n. 成就；成绩；功绩achieve vt.完成；实现5. cheerful adj.兴高采烈的cheer n. & vt.欢呼6. confident adj.自信的confidently adv.自信地confidence n. 自信；信任7.warmhearted adj.热心的；热情的8. contribution n. 贡献contribute vt.捐献，贡献contri