2021版新高考英语一轮复习Unit21HumanBiology练习北师大版.docx

Unit 21 Human Biology课时练12篇阅读1篇完形.阅读理解A(2020济南模拟)We humans love to stare into our smart devices. We gaze for hoursabout 10 hours and 39 minutes a dayat our computers, smartphones, tablets and televisions. Is all this staring bad for us? It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.Blue light is a type of electromagnetic(电磁的) radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. While its true that light can damage our eyes under certain circumstances, theres no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why bluelightblocking glasses are so popular. So do the glasses work?“Everyone is very concerned that blue light may be causing damage to the eye, but theres no evidence that it may be causing serious damage，” Dr. Rahul Khurana, clinical spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmology, told Business Insider.Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light. But if blue light isnt harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when were looking at our screens? The answer is eyestrain (眼疲劳): More than 60 percent of people experience eye problems associated with digital eyestrain. And blue light, it seems, isnt the cause. Instead, our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices. So if eyestrain is the issue, bluelightblocking glasses are probably of little use.【解题导语】该文主要探讨了蓝光是否对我们的眼睛有害的问题。1What do we know about blue light?AIt is a kind of nuclear radiation.BIt has the shortest wavelength.CIt may come from electronic devices.DIt consumes a great deal of energy.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.”可推知，电子设备会发出蓝光。2What causes the popularity of bluelightblocking glasses?AEvidence of their benefits to eyes.BBelief in blue lights harmful effect.CWidespread use of smart devices.DScientific understanding of blue light.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“theres no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why bluelightblocking glasses are so popular.”可知，防蓝光眼镜流行的原因是人们认为蓝光会对眼睛有害。3What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?ABlue light exposure is hardly avoidable.BEye problems are not easy to deal with.CBlue light may connect with tired eyes.DRubbing eyes makes people strained.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的前三句“Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light.”可知，阳光是蓝光最大的来源，而且蓝光也存在于LED灯中。由此可推知，接触蓝光几乎是不可避免的。4According to the text, wearing bluelightblocking glasses may be _AtiringBharmfulCuseless DbeneficialC解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“So if eyestrain is the issue, bluelightblocking glasses are probably of little use.”可知，戴防蓝光眼镜可能是没有用处的。B(2020 郑州摸底测试) Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.But while its long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)chemicals in the body that cause happinessare behind the socalled “runners high”， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.But after being given a drug to block their endorphins they changed. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, the runners high symptoms seemed to fade.“The longheld notion of endorphins being responsible for the runners high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out，” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on a science blog.Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but its already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.The UKs National Health Service even prescribes(开药方)exercise for patients who are suffering from depression.“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and its especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的) depression，” it wrote on its website.It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we dont fully understand where it comes from. At least if were feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.【解题导语】本文主要探究了影响运动者情绪高涨的因素。5What did scientists from German universities recently discover?AWorking out is a highly effective way to treat depression.BThe runners high could be caused by endocannabinoids.CEndorphins may contribute to ones high spirits after running.DThe level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect ones mood.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.”可知，德国一些大学的科学家们最近发现了跑步者情绪高涨是由内源性大麻素引起的，故选B。6The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to _.Afind what reduces the runners high symptomsBsee the specific symptoms of the runners highCidentify what is responsible for the runners highDtest what influences the level of endocannabinoids releasedC解析：推理判断题。根据对第二段和第三段的整体理解，并结合第四段“To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.”可推知，科学家们在实验中给老鼠药物是为了确定究竟是哪种物质会引起跑步者的情绪高涨，故选C。7The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to “_”Aeffect BgoalCquestion DbeliefD解析：词义猜测题。根据对全文内容的理解可知，该词所在句子与第二段“But while its long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)chemicals in the body that cause happinessare behind the socalled runners high， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.”呼应，并结合本句结构可推知，此处notion与believed相呼应，故选D。8According to the UKs National Health Service, regular workouts _Aare the best way to treat depressionBcan help ease depression symptomsConly work for those with serious depressionDcan help people completely recover from depressionB解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三、四段和倒数第二段第二句“Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and its especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的)depression.”可知，常规锻炼有利于情绪好转及缓解抑郁症状，故选B。.完形填空(2020石家庄重点高中摸底考试)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help. A womanin her attempt to give _1_ to an ambulancehad driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car _2_. She couldnt move the car in any _3_ without damaging it. A couple of people tried to _4_ the car back but the obstacles were too high. Seeing that they couldnt do much about it, they left. The woman in the car tried to _5_ some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.While watching the other people _6_， I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how _7_ that would be if I were in her shoes. After some talking, she _8_ me to sit inside her car.I wasnt in a hurry, so I _9_ my family that I would be later and then tried to _10_ the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others _11_. But actually it wasnt too much trouble _12_ they could still pass, and also there wasnt anything she could do about it _13_. We laughed and _14_ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.Finally _15_ came and helped her back on the street. She _16_me and asked for my phone number so she could return the _17_， but I told her it was okay. She seemed to feel much _18_ when we said our goodbyes. I believe that not having to face a difficult situation _19_ can make a lot of _20_【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。1A.signal BwayCtime DhelpB解析：一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to.“给让行”，为固定搭配。故选B。2A.stuck BbrokenCdirty DabandonedA解析：根据下文中的“She couldnt move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能动弹。3A.sense BminuteCdirection DlineC解析：在不损坏车的情况下，无论往哪个方向(direction)都无法移动。4A.lift BholdCpull DdriveA解析：根据上文中的“She couldnt move the car”以及下文中的“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。5A.offer BseekCrefuse DtakeB解析：那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些服务。6A.shout BdiscussCstand DleaveD解析：根据上文中的“Seeing that they couldnt do much about it, they left.”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)了。7A.amazing BpleasantCuneasy DincredibleC解析：根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，与下文中的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others _”呼应。8A.forced BinvitedCordered DallowedB解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士邀请(invited)作者坐进她的车里。9A.consulted BwarnedCadvised DinformedD解析：根据语境及下文中的“I would be later”可推知，作者是通知(informed)家人一些情况。10A.persuade BcomfortCfrighten DsatisfyB解析：根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others _”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她，这与下文“We laughed and _ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.”呼应。11A.trouble BdisbeliefCanxiety DembarrassmentA解析：根据下文中的“But actually it wasnt too much trouble _ they could still pass”可推知，那位女士为给他人带来麻烦(trouble)而感到焦虑不安。12A.though BuntilCsince DunlessC解析：根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系。故since “因为” 符合语境。13A.anyway BthereforeCstill DsomehowA解析：根据上文“She couldnt move the car in any _ without damaging it.”可推知，无论如何(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。14A.remembered BrealizedCthought DjokedD解析：由空前的“We laughed”可推知，作者和那位女士当时都笑了，并且开着玩笑(joked)。15A.news Bmy partnerCassistance Dan ambulanceC解析：根据空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最终援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。16A.greeted BthankedCaccepted DattractedB解析：根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解困后应是感谢(thanked)作者。17A.car BcompanyCfavor DpicnicC解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士想要作者的电话号码，以回报作者的帮助(favor)。18A.nervous BunwillingCdisappointed DbetterD解析：根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。故D项符合语境。19A.alone BbravelyCbitterly DdirectlyA解析：根据上文可知，由于作者的帮助和安慰，最终那位女士心情变好了许多，由此可推知，她当时不是独自(alone)面对困境。20A.decision BfortuneCchoice DdifferenceD解析：作者认为不用独自面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。课时练22篇阅读1篇读后续写.阅读理解A(2020泉州高三质检)We are what we eat. That is an old expression, but one worth knowing. A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy foodand not too much of itlive longer. But which areas of the world have the best diets? Researchers found that foods in some of the healthiest dietsMediterranean diet, New Nordic diet, Japanese diet and French dietmay be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat.Mediterranean diet contains lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. The diet has proper amounts of fish and poultry(家禽肉). Red meat and foods high in sugar and salt are not big parts of this diet.New Nordic diet has whole grains like oats and rye, vegetables such as carrots, broccoli and eggs, seafood, fruits, oil, lowfat milk and cheese. Sugary desserts are not common in this diet.Japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet, with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80. The Japanese diet is the reason for such lengths of life. The diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients. Japanese people eat a lot of seaweed, tofu, rice, vegetables and fish. The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. This phenomenon is called the “French Paradox”. The reason why the French eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple. They eat less. Serving sizes in French restaurants and of products sold in stores are smaller than those in most countries. And generally speaking, most French people do not snack. This means they do not eat food between meals.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。1What do we know about the healthiest diets around the world?AThey contain abundant calories.BThey tend to be expensive.CThey share certain similarities.DThey reflect popular tastes.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat”可知，尽管有不同之处，但世界上最健康的饮食都侧重于使用当地的和时令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鲜，以及更少的红肉。由此可推知，世界上最健康的饮食有一定的相似之处，故选C。2What is considered as a harmful eating habit in Japanese tradition?AGoing low in calories.BEating to the fullest.CHaving much seafood.DPicking many foods.B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.”可知，日本的传统是吃八成饱。由此可推知，吃得很饱在日本被认为是不良的饮食习惯，故选B。3How does the author develop the central idea in the last 4 paragraphs?ABy building connections.BBy exploring reasons.CBy listing examples.DBy analyzing figures.C解析：写作手法题。通读后四段可知，作者列举了这些健康饮食中的食物，故本文后四段是通过举例子的方式来说明中心观点的。4Which can be the most suitable title for the text?AWhat Is the Healthiest Diet on Earth?BHow Does the Old Expression Serve?CWhy Is a Healthy Diet So Important?DWhere Can We Feed Ourselves Well?A解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。故A项作文章标题最合适。B(2020武汉高三质量监测)The Notre Dame fire has been put out, but its spire(塔尖) and a large portion of its wooden roof have been damaged. The terrible destruction causes a sudden sharp pain to people around the world. On Chinese social media network WeChat a common comment on the disaster is：“What a pity that we cannot see the damaged parts of the wonder anymore.”But the good news is that there is at least one way of seeing them, namely via a video game called Assassins Creed Unity. In this game, the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in the reality, and see Notre Dame as it was before the fire. Further, with virtual reality technology, which is already quite mature, one can even look around the undamaged Notre Dame as if it were still there. Maybe digital technology could help to better protect architectural cultural heritage.The idea of digitizing ancient buildings, making digital models of them so their data can be saved, dates back to the 1990s and the necessary technology has continued to advance since then. By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers, building 3D models with multiple images, as well as measuring everything precisely, engineers can make a copy as accurate as the real one.As computers and smartphones are hugely popular, the digital replica(复制品) has great use value. First, it allows tourists to feel the cultural relics without touching them, which helps protect them. The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example of this as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them. Furthermore, it can make the digitized cultural relics more famous by spreading awareness about them via the Internet. In 2000, a virtual tour of the Great Wall became very popular at the Hannover World Expo, which increased the number of foreign tourists visiting the site in the following years. Above all, it preserves all the information of the cultural relics. Even if the original ones are damaged one day, people can still know what they were like and can build replicas if desired.Of course, however precise a model is, it is not the original. Time is the biggest threat to a countrys architectural heritage, which will always become ruins with the passing of time. Maybe we will have better technologies in the future, but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment.【解题导语】巴黎圣母院的大火让人们再也无法看到其中被损坏的部分，但是利用数字技术，可以让其原貌重现。人们利用数字化复制品，在不触碰到实物的情况下，可以让文化遗产栩栩如生地展现在眼前，并且数字化复制品可以保存文化遗产的所有信息，对认识和保护文化遗产有着非凡的意义。5What can we see about Notre Dame in the game?AThe damaged parts.BIts wooden shape.CIts original look. DThe big fire.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In this game, the player can.see Notre Dame as it was before the fire.”可知，在这个游戏中，我们可以看到火灾前的巴黎圣母院的原貌，故选C项。6What will engineers do to create digital replicas of the ancient buildings?AImprove the technology needed.BScan the photos of the buildings.CBuild 3D models of full size.DMeasure all the parts exactly.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers, building 3D models with multiple images, as well as measuring everything precisely, engineers can make a copy as accurate as the real one.”可知，为了制作数字化复制品，工程师需要精确地测量每一部分，故选D项。7How does the author prove the digital copy has vital practical importance?ABy comparison. BBy giving examples.CBy classification. DBy listing data.B解析：写作手法题。通读第四段可知，该段列举了敦煌石窟利用数字化复制品让游客在不接触实物的情况下体验文化遗产；列举了利用数字化复制品制作长城虚拟游并在网上推广，让世界上更多的人了解长城，吸引了更多的游客。据此可知，作者使用了“举例”的方法证明了数字化复制品的重要实用性。故选B项。8What is the authors attitude towards the application of digital technology?ADoubtful. BNeutral.CSupportive. DConservative.C解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“Maybe we will have better technologies in the future, but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultu