定语从句解PPT课件

Grammar,TheAttributiveClause,.,2,Attribute(定语),1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.Whatsyourtelephonenumber?4.Sheisabeautifulgirl.,修饰；限定,honest,our,telephone,找出下列句中的定语。,beautiful,.,3,Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定语的位置）,1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.,单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。,.,4,闪光的东西不一定是金子。.玩火者必自焚。谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。结果好，一切都好。智者寡言。,TheuseoftheAttributiveClauseinproverbs：,2.Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburnt.,3.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.,4.Allswellthatendswell.,5.Heisawisemanwhospeakslittle.,1.Allthatglittersisnotgold.,.,5,Keywords:,定语从句：,修饰名词和代词的从句,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.,定语从句,thebestfilm,先行词,that,关系词,.,6,Attributiveclause定语从句定语从句:修饰某个名词或代词的从句先行词：被定语从句修饰的词关系代词:thatwhich,who,whom,whose,Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.,Themansellsvegetables.Helivesnexttous.,先行词,关系代词,.,7,关系代词的作用：连接主句和从句（引导从句）在从句中指代先行词在从句中充当成分,作主语或宾语,.,8,WhoWhomWhichthat,指人指物从句中充当,主语/宾语,宾语,主语/宾语,主语/宾语,关系代词何时能省略？,作宾语时可省略,.,9,1.Heisateacher_Ilikeverymuch.2.Thosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.,whom/that/who,which/that,Fillintheblanks:whowhomwhichthat,.,10,Whose用法及转换形式,1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.,Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,.,11,A.需要注意的几个问题：,a只能用that不能用which/who的情况,1.先行词既有人又有物,IstillrememberthepeopleandthethingsthatItalkedaboutwithmyfriend.,2.先行词为不定代词（all,few,anything,something,nothing,everything),YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.,.,12,4先行词被序数词,adj最高级或theonly,theverythelast等所修饰,HeistheverypersonthatIamlookingfor.,3先行词被all,little,much,any,no,every等修饰,常用that,Anymanthatwantstosucceedmustworkhard.,.,13,Whoistheboy_washerejustnow?,that,5主句里已有who/which，为避免重复，定语从句用that引导,6.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,Heisnolongertheboy_hewas10yearsago.,that,.,14,B.关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因状语,关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语。关系副词where在从句中充当地点状语。关系副词why在从句中充当原因状语。,.,15,关系副词和先行词的关系,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.,ontheday=when,inthehouse=where,forthereasons=why,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,.,16,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when/inwhich,which,where/inwhich,which,why/forwhich,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,Fillintheblank:when,where,why,which,thatinwhich,forwhich,Revision1theusageoftherelativepronoun,who,whom,which,that,whose,theusageoftherelativeadverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial,.,19,D.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：,1Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.2China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.,限制性定语从句：1）形式上无逗号，2）意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，因而不能删除,非限制性定语从句：1）形式上有逗号与主句隔开2）是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整,3）关系词不用that且不能省,.,20,E.介词+关系代词1.由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要Thespeedatwhichlighttravelsis300,000kmpersecond.Theroominwhichthereisablackboardistheirclassroom.介词可能是从句谓语的一个部分,或动词所需要的搭配Dontbringchildrentoseetheanimalsofwhichtheyareafraid.Thisisthejobatwhichtheylaughed.,.,21,Thisisthepen_Iwrotetheletter.Isthatthegirl_youlentyourbicycle?Hereistheaddress_youshouldwriteThesearethethings_Ispokejustnow.Isthatthefish_youaskedthewaiter?,withwhich,towhom,towhich,aboutwhich,forwhich,.,22,2.表示所有关系或整体的一部分,常用ofwhichChinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.Ihavemanyfriends,_somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom,D,.,23,D：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.2.as引导的从句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如.正象”之意，与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.,.,24,1.Theearthisround,_isknowntoall.,2._isknowntoall,theearthisround,which,as,As,as具有“正如”之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected,.,25,结论:as,which均可引导非限制性定语从句,as引导的从句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有“如.，正象”之意，与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等，常用被动结构如asisannounced(据宣布）；asisreported（据报道）；asisexpected(正如所期待/料想的那样；不出所料）；ashasbeenexplained（正如所解释的那样）;,.,26,关系词,1.,关系代词,2.,关系副词,1.,指人,2.,指物,3.,指某一情况,that,who,whom,whose,that,which,whose,which,as,不能放于句首,放于句中或句首,“正如”,when,where,why,(主语/宾语),(状语),1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,考点一:that与which的区别,先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时，关系代词用,that,4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat,6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it,7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it,先行词为人和物的组合,先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时,先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。,若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which，而用that。,1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichBthatCthisD.it,只用which的情况:1,逗号后面2,介词后面,2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwhichBthatCwhichD.this,考点二:介词+关系代词,提醒:介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替,ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity.Italkedabouthimatthemeeting.Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.,Jointhemintoonesentence.,=ThemanaboutItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.,关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。,whom,Fillingblanks:,1.Theman_youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroom_myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.,withwhom,inwhich,考点三Whose用法及转换形式,1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.,Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,Anyone_breaksthelawispunished.Those_breakthelawarepunished.He_breaksthelawispunished.,在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用”who”代替“that”.,考点五:that与who的区别,who,who,who,考点六:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?,选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。,做主语，宾语，定语用,做状语用,关系代词,关系副词,Iwillneverforgettheday_Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespentinBeijing.Thehouse_wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse_Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho_afraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,who_notfitforthisjob,is,am,.,38,关系词,1.,关系代词,2.,关系副词,1.,指人,2.,指物,3.,指某一情况,that,who,whom,whose,that,which,whose,which,as,不能放于句首,放于句中或句首,“正如”,when,where,why,(主语/宾语),(状语),3.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten4.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirls_wellinclass.A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosing,1.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?,D,Isthisthefactory_wevisitedlastWeek?,A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theone,B,解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。,Exercises,2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissent