大学生英语竞赛改错PPT课件

.,1,ErrorCorrection,改错,大学生英语竞赛,.,2,1.快速浏览全文，了解文章大意2.仔细阅读文章，逐句进行分析以句为单位，整体进行分析；若在分析中难以找出某行的错误，可首先回忆改错题的几大错误类型，再对照句子分析这些可能的出题点，直至找出错误为止。3.再次阅读全文，核实所修改的地方,解题技巧,.,3,一般无论什么错误在改错时都只能动一个词改错题没有单词拼写错误，要求学生能运用语法，词汇，结构等知识识别短文内的语病,注意事项,.,4,缺词/多词名词：数；可数性形容/副词：形式/级近义搭配时态/语态动词虚拟语气非谓语动词As/like结构,11.定语从句的关系词12.前后照应主谓一致时态一致c.指代一致d.修辞一致13.逻辑关系：连词/连接性副词反义词其它,Checklist,.,5,缺漏:冠词、介词、代词、关系词、连词等赘述:相同或相近的词语以及出现两个主语等。,1缺词/多词,.,6,例1单数可数名词一般前应有冠词，但有些固定搭配中不用冠词。Dishwashersandwashingmachinesdojobsthatwereoncedonebythehand.Key:by(the)handbyhand,1缺词/多词,.,7,例2关系代词前的介词IsuddenlyrealizedthatmyownparentsaretheoneswhomIcanrely.Key:(on)whom例3不及物动词后接宾语应添加介词Butperhapsweshouldlookatbothsidesofthecoinbeforearrivinghastyconclusions.Key:arriving(at),.,8,例1名词的限定ThedaybeforethespeechcontestEnglishteacherKey:my。可数名词前通常要加修饰语。此句虽然有English，但指代不明。根据上下文，加上my比较贴切。,2名词,.,9,例2名词可数与不可数的误用Toomuchtestsaredisadvantageforstudentsstudy.（误）Inmodernsociety,peopleareundervariouspressures（误）,2名词,.,10,例3名词的单复数1)andaskedmelotsofquestion.Key:Questions“question”为可数名词，在lotsof后面，应加-s。2)Westudyquiteafewsubject，suchasmaths,Key:subjectsAfew后面应跟可数名词的复数形式。,2名词,.,11,例1形容词用来修饰名词或作表语，副词修饰形容词副词或动词，经常有误用：Itisessentialthatpeoplebepsychologicalabletoresisttheimpactbroughtaboutbythetransitionfromplannedeconomytomarketeconomy.Key:Psychologicalpsychologically修饰形容词,3形容/副词与比较,.,12,例2系动词和感官动词后接形容词。系动词包括：be,appear,seem,become,turn,go,come,grow,keep,感官动词包括feel,smell,taste,sound,look等。其中有些系动词又可以做实义动词：become成为,appear出现,turn转动,go去,come来,grow种植/成长,keep保留IfrequentlyfeelweaklyanddissatisfiedwithmyselfAllthedishestastemostdeliciously.Key:weaklyweakdeliciouslydelicious,3形容/副词与比较,.,13,例3-ly结尾的词不一定都是副词，如friendly,woolly长绒毛的,costly昂贵的,lonely,elderly,olderly,fatherly,brotherly,deadly等，注意区分。例4以a-开头的形容词一般只作表语：afraid,alike,akin,alive,alone,asleep,awake,ashamed,afloat,alight发亮/燃着的等。如果用作了定语，则需更换成相应形式。,3形容/副词与比较,.,14,例5有些副词有两种形式，但意义不同，需加以区分High高highly：高度地Deep深deeply：深深地Wide宽/大widely：广泛/大大地Hard努力hardly：几乎不Near近nearly：几乎/将近close近closely：细心/严密/密切Late迟lately：最近Most最mostly：主要/通常Just刚/仅/正好justly公平/正当/精确地Pretty相当/非常prettily漂亮地/令人愉悦地,3形容/副词与比较,.,15,Right就/正是/顺利rightly正确/当/公正地Slow缓慢(go/run/speak/read)slowly慢慢/渐渐地Loud/loudly大声地（louder/loudest）Fair公平/公正/正好fairly相当/适度/公正Easy不着急/慢慢/容易easily轻易/容易/很可能Dead突然/完全/直接deadly极为/死一般地Clean完全/一直cleanly干净利落地Clear清楚/完全/远离clearly清楚/显然/明亮,3形容/副词与比较,.,16,例6.比较结构中，一般用than来连接，但有些词用to如：superior/inferior/senior/junior.或者asasTheirfieldsyieldtwiceasmuchcornthisyearthantheydidlastyearafteradoptingtheadvancedtechnology.Key:Thanas,3形容/副词与比较,.,17,例7.有些词本身就是最高级不可在添加more/mostexcellent;perfect;complete；entire(ly);extreme;unique;round;dead;alive;ultimate;utter;square等。Theymaylearnthatquestionswhichseemedmostentirelyobjectivethenappeartobehighlybiasedtosomeoneelse.Mostentirelyentirely,3形容/副词与比较,.,18,例8.混淆比较的两部分。如：Theclimateinthecoastalcitiesismuchwarmerthanintheinteriorcities（在than与in之间应加指示代词that句中用于比较的两个部分是气候而不是地区。）,3形容/副词与比较,.,19,某些近义词表面意思讲得通，但不贴切或不准确，需要进行替换。Decidinghowmuchdiscomfortandriskwearepreparedtoputupwithinthenameofbetterhealthisahighpersonalmatter.Highhighly极为/高度Betweensunriseandsunset,streetsandhighwaysareaconstantsourceofvoicefromcars,busesVoicenoise,4近义词,.,20,主要涉及形容词、名词、动词等与介词的搭配；动词、形容词与名词的搭配以及比较结构等固定搭配。Onsomefields,thishasclearlynothappened.OnsomefieldsinTr,5搭配,.,21,Suchreasonsaretotallydependentinthebalanceofrisksandbenefitsforthepatients.Dependentindependenton,5搭配,.,22,例1根据时间状语（包括副词（词组）和从句）或逻辑对句子的时态作出正确判断。Bythetimethesunsetsthisevening,IwillhavefinishedthebookIamwritingforthelastsixyears.amwritinghavebeenwritingIwaswalkingalongtheroad,andtherearenotsomanycarsonthestreet.Therearetherewere,6时态和语态,.,23,熟记事态的特殊规律陈述真理或常识性事件时，用一般现在时时间、条件从句中不能用将来时,6时态和语态,.,24,例2静态动词不能用进行时态：a.be动词和have(有)b.applyto;belongto;differfrom;cost;weigh;measure;fit;hold(容纳);lack;resemble等c.表示感觉的动词:feel;hear;see,smell;tasted.心理或情感动词:assume;believe;consider;detest(憎恶);feat;hate;hope;wish;like;love;regret;know;suppose;understand;want;remember;imagine;notice,6时态和语态,.,25,Heresembleshisfather.Iknowthatthisissueisimportant.IhaveEnglishclassicliterarybooks.Cf.IamhavingawonderfultimeinHawaii.,6时态和语态,.,26,例3要根据句意确定使用主动还是被动被动语态不仅出现在谓语的位置上，还出现在非谓语动词结构中，还有不同的时体变化。Wheneverwehearofanaturaldisaster,eveninadistantpartoftheworld,wefeelsympathyforthepeopletohaveaffected.Tohaveaffectedtohavebeenaffected,6时态/语态,.,27,例4除了要时态/语态，还要注意是否及物动词Thetrafficaccidentwastakenplaceatthejunctionoftwohighways.（误）Thetrafficaccidenttookplaceatthejunctionoftwohighways.（正）Becauseofhisexcellentperformance,thebossrosehissalary.（误）Becauseofhisexcellentperformance,thebossraisedhissalary.（正）,7动词,.,28,例5只有及物动词或词组才用被动形式；但并非所有及物动词都可用于被动结构：如have;let;become;get;fit;suit;lack;resemble小心被动结构不规则动词的过去分词形式Throughouthistory,shoeshavebeenworenotonlyforprotectionbutalsofordecoration.Havebeenworehavebeenworn,6时态和语态,.,29,例1介词to和不定式符号的混淆Toomanytestswilldoharmtocultivateourindependentthinking.（误）Toomanytestswilldoharmtothecultivationofourindependentthinking.（正）Allthesecontributedtosolvetheseriousproblem.（误）Allthesecontributedtothesolutiontotheseriousproblem.（正）,7动词,.,30,例2情态动词的误用Itmaynotgoodtoourhealth.（误）Itmaybenotgoodtoourhealth.（正）Theyshouldspentmuchtime.（误）Theyshouldspendmuchtime.（正）,7动词,.,31,例1现在分词形式与过去分词形式混淆。如：ThevictorywasnomoreconvincedthanIhadexpectedConvincedconvincing令人信服的，表示主语特征Theteacherwentintotheclassroom,followingbysomestudentsFollowingfollowed,8非谓语动词,.,32,分词和不定式的不同含义：现在分词：主动或进行（或完成）；过去分词：被动或完成；不定式：将要发生或目的Succeedinginpassingtheexamination,sheisextremelyhappy.因为（已发生）Tosucceedinpassingtheexamination,sheneedstoworkmuchharder.为了（目的）,8非谓语动词,.,33,1.Thesmallcollegegenerallyprovidesalimitednumberofcoursesandspecializationsbutoffersabetterstudent-facultyratio,thuspermitindividualizedattentiontostudents.permitting。小院校提供的课程专业较少，但师生比例较高，因此能够允许特殊的个体指导和关注。,例句,.,34,2.Eventhequietofourcarefullyprotectedwildernessareascanbeinvadedatanymomentbyapassedjet.Passedpassing,例句,.,35,3.TheboysdelightinglooktellsusthathepassedtheexamDelightingdelighted高兴的、兴奋的，表示主语状态,例句,.,36,例2不定式与动名词相互混淆。如：TolieisviceTolieLying此处指抽象的概念性动作LyingaboutitwillonlymakemattersworseLyingTolie此处指具体的一次性动作,8非谓语动词,.,37,例3非谓语动作发生时间与谓语动作发生时间的方面出现错误。IrememberlockingthedoorwhenIlefthomethismorningLockinghavinglocked非谓语动作发生时间早于主语动作发生时间。,8非谓语动词,.,38,例4特殊非谓语动词结构方面出现错误。YouhavetopracticetospeakEnglishasmuchaspossiblenowsinceyouaregoingtoEnglandnextyeartospeakspeakingpractise后的宾语要用-ing形式。）,8非谓语动词,.,39,例5非谓语动词不单独作谓语。Atthebeginningof19thcenturyworkinghourswerefromsunrisetosunset,paywasawful,(and)workingconditionsbeingpooranddangerous.were,8非谓语动词,.,40,例7分词（包括带连词的分词）短语作状语时，逻辑主语须与主句主语一致。Sportsactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewingbiologically,themodernfootballerisrevealedasamemberofadisguisedhuntingpack.Viewed,8非谓语动词,.,41,虚拟语气分为两种：be型和were型。例1Be型(should)+do(动词原形）：用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语（见下页）之后的that-分句中。Whatdoyouthinkofthedoctorsrecommendationthatourfriendsstayedafewmoredaysinhospital?stay/shouldstay,9虚拟语气,.,42,例3有些词有多个意义，当不表示建议、命令时，就不能用虚拟语气，如：SomeevidencesuggeststhatREMsleepbeatimewhenthebrainadaptstolifeexperience.Beis（一些证据表明，REMsleep可能是大脑适应生活经验的时间。）,9虚拟语气,.,43,例5条件句中还有一种特殊的混合虚拟语气。这种情况的谓语动词形式要根据具体时间来确定。Ifwritinghadneverbeeninvented(过去),wewouldhavenobooks(现在).Ifhehadfailedhisexamlastyear,hewouldhavebeentakingitagaininJune.wouldbetaking,9虚拟语气,.,44,例6Were-虚拟语气还可用其他形式表示,如without,butfor,otherwise,or等。Without/butforyourhelp,Iwouldnevermakesuchgreatsuccess.wouldneverhavemadeThankstothemantimelysaving,orthelittleboywouldbedrownedintheriver.wouldhavebeendrowned,9虚拟语气,.,45,例8在itis(high)time(that)从句中，也用were-型虚拟语气，如：Itishightimethatmeasuresshouldbetakentodecreasethebirthrateinthiscountry.weretaken/hadbeentaken,特殊虚拟语气,.,46,like:象一样；（unlike）as:介词（作为）副词（如此）关系代词连词（因为；随着；虽然；正如）as有很多固定搭配，用法极为复杂，见下页,10As/Like的用法,.,47,Asif/though好像As/solongas只要Suchas诸如；之类的Asapposedto与相反Asfor/to至于；关于Soas(not)to以便/以免；以致Notsomuchas连都不；与其不如asabove如上；同上Asagainst与相比Asof/from自从,As固定搭配,.,48,Asmuchas多达；到程度Aswell(as)也/又Aswellasnot反正都行/一样Asitis/astheyare事实上；实际上Asitwere仿佛，好像，可以说asyet到现在/那时为止Asasany不亚于Asasever永远；至今；自古；空前Asascanbe极其；到了的程度Heisasbrilliantapoliticianaseverlived.他是至今最卓越的政治家。,.,49,在限定性定语从句中，As常和先行词前的such,so,as,thesame搭配；which则无此限制。引导非限定定语从句时先行词是整个句子，as常在句首或句中，而which常在句末。As引导的定语从句与主句应是顺接关系；which无此限制。As在定语从句中常作宾语，which常作主语。As作主语时，仅限于“主-动-补”结构和被动句型，如：Asisoftenthecase;asisknowntoallashasbeenpointedout;asmaybeimagined;etc,AsVs.Which,.,50,11定语从句的关系词,.,51,用that的情况不定代词something,anybody,nothing,none,little,few,much,all作先行词时；Sheiseverythingthatawifeshouldbe.最高级、序数词、不定限定词（all,some,none,few等）或any,only,first,last等修饰先行词时；先行项不止一个，且分别表示人和物时；当关系词在定语从句中充当补语时；当定语从句是therebe句型时；,关系词That和which/who的区别,.,52,用which（物）或who（人）的情况介词提前，作介词宾语时；非限定定语从句；先行项是that时；当先行项与定语从句被其他成分隔开时,.,53,当先行项为时间/地点时，如关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，应用which或that，而不用when/who(m)IliveinBeijing，whereisthecapitalofChina.which此处where应改为which，因为它在定语从句中作主语。,先行项为时间或地点时,.,54,有些句子中，名词后面本来该用定语从句的，却漏掉了关系词，直接接了动词。另一类常见的错误是，关系代词指代的成分在从句中以代词的形式重复出现，画蛇添足。,缺少关系词或多余代词,.,55,Thechildrenattendedasmallelementaryschool(oftenofjustoneroom)tothattheyhadtowalkeveryday,possiblyforafewmiles.Tothattowhich,Practice,.,56,主谓一致时态一致指代一致意义一致修辞一致,12前后照应,.,57,主语和谓语在要在人称和数等方面能保持一致。此类错误形式主要有以下几种：A主语因形式特殊或因由一个或几个复杂成分修饰往往导致主谓一致错误。如：AcousticsaretaughtinsomecollegesAreis以-s或-es结尾的用以表示学科、疾病、游戏等的名词作主语时，其谓语动词应用单数形式,a.主谓一致,.,58,Understandingtheculturalhabitsofanothernation，especiallyonecontainingsomanydiversifiedsubcultures（次文化）astheUS，areacomplex，bewilderingtasktousAreis主语是一个动名词短语，尽管其后有较长的修饰成分，然而其谓语仍需用单数形式,.,59,B定语从句谓语动词与先行词主谓不一致I，whoisyourfriend，willdomybesttohelpyouisam关系代词作定语从句主语时，谓语动词要与先行词一致Tomistheonlyoneofthepupilswhoarewillingtotakemake-upexaminationsAreis在theonlyoneof+复数名词或代词+定语从句的结构中，谓语动词应用单数形式。,.,60,C某些短语或结构后所跟谓语动词必须用单数或复数形式。SixtimestwoaretwelveAreis加、减、乘、除运算谓语动词用单数ThepoliceislookingfortheescapedcriminalIsare主语为people，police，folk，cattle等集合名词时，谓语动词通常用复数形式,.,61,Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.Isare我的照片和奖牌(意义一致原则)ThereareaTVandtwocomputersintheroom.Therearethereis（就近原则）,.,62,Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.driveand连接两个并列动作meet和drive。Theyofferedmecoffeeandotherdrinks.Wehaveagoodtimetalkingandlaughing.had整篇文章记述过去的事情，用过去时。,b.时态一致,.,63,Myfavouritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourschoolfootballteam.am文章描述现在的情况，用一般现在时。notonlymakesusbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplaygives“notonly”连接两个相等的成份，用第三人称单数。,.,64,Iamhappywithanyprogrambuttheothersspentalotoftimearguingwas此句描述的是过去的事情，且下句也是用的过去时，故要改为was。Iremember