成人英语三级语法汇总

2012年成人英语三级语法(一)在这部分我们将对时态、语态、情态动词以及主谓一致这些知识点分别进行详细讲解。(一)动词的时态动词的时态指的是作谓语的动词用来表示动作或者状态发生时间的各种形式。英语中共16种动词时态。现在：1一般现在时、2现在进行时、3现在完成时、4现在完成进行时过去：5一般过去时、6过去进行时、7过去完成时、8过去完成进行时将来：9一般将来时、10将来进行时、11将来完成时、12将来完成进行时过去将来：13一般过去将来时、14过去将来进行时、15过去将来完成时、16过去将来完成进行时这部分常考知识点有：(1)条件、时间、让步状语从句中的“主将从现”。(2)一般过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时的区别。(3)将来完成时。1、一般现在时(1)表示经常如发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always，usually，often，sometimes，every day，every week等时间状语连用。例：He goes to work every day。他每天去上班。(2)表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。(3)有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。例：I dont think you are right. 我认为你错了。(4)在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作，遵循“主将从现”的原则。常用的连词有as soon as，when，until，if，unless。例1-When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?-As soon as _ _ our work for tomorrow.A.were complete B. wed complete C. well complete D. we complete答案【D】(2003年11月34题)例2 They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _ their exams.A.have finished B.finsh C.finished D.was finishing答案【B】(1996年22题)例3 When the mixture _ ，it will give off a powerful force.A.will heat B.will be heated C.is heated D.has heated答案【C】(1992年5题)2、现在进行时(1)表示此时此刻(说话时)正在进行的动作。例：The teacher is talking with his students.老师正在与学生们谈话。(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作。例：I am attending a conference in New York. 我正在纽约参加一个会议。2012年成人英语三级语法(二)3、现在完成时(1)表示动作刚刚结束(常和just，now，already，yet等词连用);或表示动作的结果(一般不用时间状语)例1 Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。(说明现在灯已经关上了)例2 I has lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。(说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没有找到这支笔)(2)表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下午(常与由since 引导的短语或从句，或由for引导的短语连用)。例1 He has _ the army for ten years and is now an officer. 他入伍10年，现为军官。(现在还在军中)A.gone into B.joined in C.been in D.come into【答案】C(1995年49题)例2 Theyve known each other since childhood.他们从小认识。(现在还继续来往)(3)非延续性动词和it is + 时间 + since. (过去的)英语中有些动词不能延续，因为不能和表示延续的时间状语连用(如for ten years)例：It is ten years since he left home and joined the army.他离乡入伍已10年。对非延续性动词，表达完成时态时常用it is+时间+since. 的句型代替，从句用过去时态。(4)have (has) been to和have (has) gone to的区别：have (has) been to：去过某地(表示某人的一种经历)，可以和once，twice，often，never，ever连用。have (has) gone to：去某地了(表示某人已经离开本地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般来说此句只用于第三人称)，此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。例1 He has gone to America. 他已经去了美国。(现在不在本地)例2 He has been to America twice. 他(曾经)去过美国两次。4、现在完成进行时表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的一个动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束，但是强调说话时为止一直在做的动作。例1 I _ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.A.was knocking B.am knocking C.knocking D.have been knocking【答案】D (1998年49题) now 一次表示敲门动作持续进行一直到现在例2 Since he left the university， he _ in an accounting company.A.has been working B.had worked C.had been working D.have been knocking【答案】A (2006年4月16题)表示自大学毕业起一直在会计公司工作。2012年成人英语三级语法(三)1、一般过去时(1)表示过去的动作或状态，常和具体的过去时间状语连用，如just now，last year，when I was 18 years old等。例：Youve already missed too many classes this term.You _ two classes just last week.A.missed B.would miss C.had missed D.have missed【答案】A (1995年59题)(2)used to do sth.过去常常做例：I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)注意：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：一般过去时主要表示过去某个时间发生或完成的动作或存在过的状态。这种动作或状态与现在没有任何联系。它只是表示过去发生过(或已完成)，过去存在过。句中往往有明确的表示过去的时间状语。如：just now，last year，when I was 18 years old等。现在完成时则是由现在回顾过去的一种状态，强调的是“是否曾经有过怎么一回事，该事完成后一流下来的影响或结果”。绝对不能使用指定过去某一时间点的时间状语。常与下列副词连用：aleady，recently，yet，before，just，ever，never，since，so far，in (over，during) the past few years 等。上面举的例子就能很好地体现这一区别。2、过去进行时(1)表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文莱判断时间。例子：He was doing his homework form seven to nine last night.昨天晚上7点到9点他正在做作业。(2)when和while的用法区别：when 表示一定特定时间点，其所引导的句子用过去时，while表示持续的一段时间，其所引导的句子用过去进行时。例1 I fell and hurt muself while I _ tennis. A.was playing B.am playing C.play D.played【答案】A(1983年43题)例2 When you _ this over with her，you should not see her any more.A.talk B.talked C.will talk D.talking【答案】B(1999年35题)例2 One of the guards _ when the general came in，which made him very angry.A.has slept B.were sleeping C.slept D.was sleeping【答案】D(1996年23题)(3)过去进行时表示过去将来的作用。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作。同样过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。例：He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning. 他去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。2012年成人英语三级语法(四)3、过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作(即过去的过去)。这个过去的某一时间可用by，before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。例1 When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week，I was told she _ two days before.A.has left B.was leaving C.would leave D.had left【答案】D(2003年11月40题)例2 About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read，the Chinese _ paper.A.inented B.had inwented C.have inented D.had been invented【答案】B(1997年35题)(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。例：The chemistry class _ for live minutes when we hurried there.A.had been on B.was on C.has been on D.would be on【答案】A(1995年24题)(3)在含有before，after，as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序，因此主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示，而不用过去完成时。例：I called him as soon as I arrived. 我刚一到就给他打电话。(4)过去完成时常用在 no sooner than ，hardly/scarcely/barelywhen，“一就”句型之中，句子倒装。例1 No sooner had we sat down _ we found it was time to go. A.than B.when C.as D.while例2 Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out. 他刚打开门，蜡烛就被一阵风催灭了。注意：一般过去时和过去完成时的区别：两者都表示的动作，但一般过去时表示相当于现在的过去时间，而过去完成时则表示相当于过去某一时刻的过去，即过去的过去。过去曾经做过的事，应该用过去时。过去完成时一般表示两个过去的动作的一先一后。过去完成时单独使用时要用by引导的时间状语表示“到时候为止”，如：I finished the work yesterday.They had fulfilled their task by the end of last year.4、一般将来时(1)will(shall)+ 原形动词：表示将来的动作或状态例：He will come and help you. 他回来帮助你的。(2)be going to + 动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个讲座吗?(3)be to + 动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作。例：The Five-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 五环路将在国庆节前通车。(4)be about to + 动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。例：The lecture is about to begin. 讲座即将开始。(5)某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词，如：go，come，start，arrive，leave等，用现在进行时可表示将来。例1 We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京例2 The foreign guests are arriving in Shnghai tonight.2012年成人英语三级语法(五)9、将来完成时表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。这是近年来考试的重点。其句型的基本结构就是will have hone. 我们下面通过几道真题来讲解这一语法点。例1 By next year he _ in New York for live years.A.has worked B.has been working C.works D.will have worked【答案】D (2004年11月30题) 意思是：到明年为止，他在纽约已经工作了5年了。补充：如果句子中由by引导的时间状语，句子需要用完成时;by后跟的是将来的时间，句子需要用将来完成时，表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作，如By next Friday，he will have studied here for three years.到下周五，他在这里学习就要满3年了。例2 By the end of next year they _ together for twenty years.A.will have worked B.had worked C.would work D.have worked【答案】A (2001年48题) 意思是：到明年年底为止，他们已经一起工作了20年。例3I _ writing the article by the time you get back.A.shall finish B.must have finished C.have finished D.shall have finsihed【答案】D(2000年24题) 意思是：到你回来的时候，我会完成这篇论文。10、将来完成进行时这一语言点在最近的考试中也有所考查。句型结构为will have been doing。例：By the time you arrive this evening， _ for two hours.A.I will study B.I will have been studied C.I had studied D.I will have been studying【答案】D(2004年11月41题)本句的意思是：到今晚你来的时候，我就已经学习了两个小时了。动词时态配套练习1. Mary _ in the garden when it began to rain.A.was walking B.walked C.walking D.had waked2. English _in a new way at my college in the past few years.A.has been teaching B.was being taught C.has been taught D.has been taught3. Smith is to study medicine as soon as be _ military service.A.will finish B has finished C finish D would finish4. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you _ .A.will come B.would come C.shall come D.come5. When I got to the top of the mountain ，the sun _.A.shone B.shines C.has shone D.was shining6. Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you _ with it.A.finish B.are finished C.have finished D.are finishing7. -How are you feeling?-I have been feeling better since _.A.the orctor has come B.the doctor will come C.the doctor had come D.the doctor came8. The chemistry class _ for five minutes when we hurried there.A.had been on B.was on C.has been on D.would be on9. By the time Juan gets home，her aunt _ .A.will have B.leaves C.will have left D.is leaving10. Youve already missed too many classes this term.You _ two classes just last week.A.missed B.would miss C.had missed D.have missed11. One of the guards _ _ when the general came in，which made him very angry.A.has slept B.were sleeping C.slept D.was sleeping12. Dr.Robert went to New York，bought some books and _ .A.visiting his daughter B.to visit his daughter C.visit his daughter D.visited his daughter13. I _writing the article by the time you get back.A.shall finish B.must have finished C.have finished D.shall have finished14. There is a knock on the door. It is the second time someone _ me this evening.A.interrupted B.has interrupted C.would interrupt D.interrupt15. -Is there anything wrong?-No，so far I _ no trouble.A.have had B.had C.have D.had had16. No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she _ them.A.tries B.will try C.are trying D.has triedACBDD; CDACA; DDDBAA2012年成人英语三级语法(六)(二)被动语态时间状态一般进行完成现在be donebe being donehave been done过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来will be donewill be being donewill have been done考试重点：谓语动词的被动语态，情态动词的被动语态;感官动词和使役动词的被动语态;用主动表示被动的含义。1、谓语动词的被动：基本形式见上面表格，多结合时态来考查。例1 The goods _ when we arrived at the airport.A.were just unloading B.wrer just been unloading C.had just unloaded D.were just being unloaded【答案】D(2006年4月22题)例2 He _ when the bus came to a sudden stop.A.was almost hurt B.was almost to hurt himself C.was almost hurt himself D.was almost hurting himself【答案】A(2005年4月33题)2、情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+过去分词例：I cant find the recorder in the room. It _ by somebody.A. must have taken B.may have taken C.may have been taken D.should have been taken【答案】C(2003年11月22题) 此题考察的是综合知识点。首先是被动语态，录音机被人拿走了。另外还考察了情态动词加完成式表示对过去时间的推测。3、感官动词及使役动词(如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid)在主动语态中用无to不定式作宾补，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to例1 Because of many mistakes，she was made _ these letters again.A.tape B.to typing C.typed D.to type【答案】D(2006年11月22题)本句的意思是：因为错误太多，她又把字重新打了一遍。4、用主动表示被动的含义(1) need/require+doing sth.(=to be done)(此句型主语大多为物)。例1 It is hot and dry;the flowers need _ . A.being watered B.be watered C.to water D.to be watered【答案】D(2006年11月23题)本句的意思是：天气又热又干燥，花需要浇水。例2 My room is a mess.It needs _ . A.to be tidying up B.tidying up C.to tidy up D.tidied up【答案】B(2000年47题)本句的意思是：我的房间很乱，需要收拾。(2)sell，wash，read，write，run等动词带状语修饰时。例：This kind of clothes sells well.这种衣服卖得很好。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔书写流利。(3)主语 + sound(feel，look，smell，taste)+形容词。例：The dish _ _ terrible! I dont like it at all. A.tastes B.tasted C.will taste D.is tasted【答案】A(2005年11月19题) 本句的意思是：这盘菜太难吃了，我一点也不喜欢。2012年成人英语三级语法(七)被动语态配套练习1. The middle-aged man was seen _ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A.came B.come C.to come D.have come2. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _ comfortably.A.in worn B.wearing C.wears D.are worn3. This out-of-date teaching method _ _ .A.must do away with B.must have done away with C.must being done away with D.must be done away wish4. A fire _ during the night and a large number of houses _ _ to ashes.A.broke out ， were burnt B.was broke out ， were burnt C.broke out ， burnt D.set out ， were burned5. English _ in Australia. A.speaks B.are spoken C.is soeaking D.is spoken6. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A.is building B.is being built C.been bulit D.be building7. His new book _ next month.A.will be published B.is publishing C.si beding published D.has been published8. _ the watch been repaired yet? I bably need it. A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are9. The flowers _ _ often. A.must be water B.must be watered C.must watered D.must water10. The pot _ _ for _ _ hot water.A.used;keeping B.was used;keeping C.is used;to keep D.are used;keep11. How dirty the tables are ! They need _ . A.to clean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleaned12. Newly-born babies _ in hospital.A.are taken good care B.are taken good care of C.take good care of D.take good care13. The apple _ very sweet. A.is tasted B.taste C.tastes D.are tasting14.-What do you think of the TV play?-Wonderful. It is worth _ a second time.A.watching B.watched C.seen D.seeing15. A photo _ each time that button _ .A.has taken;has pushed B.has been taken;has pushed C.is taken;will be pushed D.is taken;is pushedCCDAD; BABBB; CBCAD2012年成人英语三级语法(八)(三)虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语三级考试的必考知识点之一，也是体现英汉语言习惯区别的一个语法现象。在汉语里表示假设虚拟的情况常用一些虚词来表示，例如“假设”、“如果”等，而英文中表示虚拟的情况不但有虚词的提示，谓语动词也要相应的变化。虚拟语气的基本作用是：(1)表达假设的情况与事实相反;(2)表达异想天开很难实现的愿望;(3)表达建议命令劝告等语气。本部分重点讲if引导的虚拟条件句，含蓄条件句、特殊结构中虚拟语气，及should+动词原形的用法。1、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：假设类型条件 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反 If+动词的过去式 would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形 (be用were而不用was)与过去事实相反If+had+过去分词 would(第一人称可用should)+have+过去分词 与将来事实相反If+were to+动词原形或 would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形 If+should+动词原形例1 Mary said to me，“Had I seen your bag，I _ _ it to you.”A.will return B.must return C.could return D.would have returned【答案】D(2004年4月45题)例2 I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ _ him.A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came【答案】C(1995年38题)例3 If Bob _ _ with us，he would have had a good time.A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came【答案】C(1995年59题)2、省略if的虚拟形式在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were，had，should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。例1 _ the advice of his friends，he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A.If he took B.If he should take C.Were he to take D.Had he taken【答案】D(2004年4月32题)例2 _ ，I should ask them some questions.A.Should they come to us B.If they come to us C.Were they come to us D.Had they come to us【答案】A(1997年30题)例3 _ ，you were busy，I wouldt have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realized B.Had I realized C.Did I have realized that D.As I realized【答案】B(1996年39题)3、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其他方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for引导。例1 Without heat and sunlight，plants on the earth _ well.A.would not grow B.will not grow C.had not grown D.would not be grown【答案】A(2004年11月32题)例2 But for my classmateshelp，I _ the work in time.A.did not finish B.could not finish C.will not finish D.would not have finished【答案】A(2004年11月32题)例3 But for the rain，we _ a nice holiday.A.should have B.would have had C.would have D.will have had【答案】B(2003年4月28题)4、特殊词或结构中的虚拟语气(1)以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句。wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语+wish+从句(主语+过去时);表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语+wish+从句(主语+过去完成时)。例1 I didnt go to the party，but I do wish I _ there. A.were B.would be C.had been D.will be【答案】C(2001年53题)例2 Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.could study B.studied C.had studied D.would study【答案】C(2000年53题)(2)if only+句子(过去时/过去完成时)“要是就好了”。If only后面的句子如果是对现在或将来情况的虚拟，用过去时did;如果是对过去情况的虚拟，用过去完成时had done。要注意与if区别，if只表示假设，意为“如果”，用真实语气。而if only表示不可能实现的情况，用虚拟语气。例： If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响就好了。(对过去虚拟)If only I were rich.要是我富有就好了。(对现在虚拟)(3)would rather+句子(过去时)。表示宁愿、宁可的意愿，语气比较婉转，后接过去式。例1 I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A.come B.would come C.came D.have come【答案】C(2002年46题)例2 Id _ you didntouch that，if you dont mind. A.rather B.better C.happier D.further【答案】A(1998年45题)(4)it is time (that)，it is high time(that)句型中，谓语动词用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，意思是“该了、早该了”。例1 Lets finish our homework in a faw seconds;its time we _ _ .A.played football B.will play football C.play football D.are playing football【答案】A(2004年11月43题)例2 Dont you think it is time you _ _ smoking?A.give up B.gave up C.would give up D.should give up【答案】B(1999年31题)(5)以as if，as though引导的从句。在as if，as though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，他们所引导的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish后面的从句动词形式变化相同。例：He talks as he _ everything in the world. A.konws B.knew C.had known D.would have known【答案】B 本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，所以用过去的。5、should +动词原形及should的省略(1)一些表示建议、要求、命令等的动词本身隐含说话者主观的意见。因此这些动词(或其派生词，如名词、形容词、分词等)后面的从句应使用虚拟语气，即“should do”结构，其中的“should”常被省略。如：表示“提议、建议”的动词：suggest，advise，propose，recommend，move(提议);表示“要求、主张”的动词：insist，require，request，demand，desire;表示：“命令”的动词：order，command。例1 I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to she job since he has no experience.A.be assigned B.is assigned C.will be assigned D.has been assigned【答案】A(2006年11月29题)例2 H