7月3号托福考试真题汇总

阅读P1： 标题：Early Farming in the Colorado Plateau 大意：早期的Anasazi人，具备很强的农耕实力，早期借力于indigenous plant resources， 同时由于他们的居住地拥有的动植物种类和数量都非常庞大，他们的饮食结构非常多样化。形成的因素是：Anasazi人很早就懂得利用高新技术研发出了一种农作物，叫做 maiz de ocho，这种农作物比起其他农产品，是有一种基因突变，使得它们抗旱，更好存活。于是，后期Anasazi人的居住家园农产品产量增大，人口增加，即便是干旱的季节，他们同样可以保持耕种，唯一的缺憾是，他们没有尝试研发出新的农作物品种。 词汇题：exploiting, strenuous, implements, justifiablyP2： 标题：The Mycenaean Collapse 大意：早期的Mycenaean culture是源于古代希腊，当年由于古希腊经济很好，城市不断扩张，贸易加剧，呈现出一份祥和繁荣景象，但是后期的Mycenaean culture突然消失，引得大家猜测原因究竟为何?第一种猜测理论是，由于火山喷发，岩浆喷涌而出，损毁了宫殿和大部分文明古迹，人类活动也就因此中断，不过，也有人猜测火山喷发后，岩浆并没有一次性损毁所有文明遗迹，而是一点点销毁，后期的人类就搬离家园到附近的国土建造新的居住地。一些学者反而认为，是Dorian民族一开始侵略了古希腊的南部，后面慢慢攻下更多城池，直到一百年后完全取得对土地的所有权才导致文明失传。从考古学的角度来看，并没有实实在在的物证表明Dorian侵略使得Mycenaean文明失传，但是社会猜测是在一次次的部落争端中，Mycenaean 文明不具备优势，因为他们采取对于军事农业都有中央集权的管理政策，这样的制度非常死板不灵活，导致内部权利受损，直到文明陷落。此外可以肯定的是，Dorian的侵略是具有毁灭性的，他们废除国王，官僚，夺下宫殿，并把财务和权利交给了并没有任何统治经验的人来管理。此后，古希腊人四处流亡，文明就此失传。 词汇题：continuous, vulnerable, perished, was repulsedP3： 标题：The Insect Senses 大意：昆虫感知世界的方式有很多种，本文讨论了视觉和触觉两种方式。首先，昆虫的视觉，不像鸟类一样能感知到全景和多层细节，不过，昆虫的视觉在捕捉周围动态，各种movements时是非常快速敏感的。其次，昆虫的视觉，跟人类，鸟类一样，能分辨出颜色，不过他们会被鲜明的颜色吸引，例如蓝色和黄色。对于很多带有翅膀的昆虫而言，它们的眼睛分为两种：simple eyes和compound eyes，往往simple eyes更加敏感一些。从触觉角度来看，所有的昆虫，不论成熟与否，都具备一对触觉，它们的作用是：touch，taste，smell and perceive information.举例而言：雄性飞蛾会利用触觉捕捉雌性飞蛾的荷尔蒙，发现磁性后就会展翅飞翔，直到找到对方为止;对于蚊子而言，雄性蚊子会利用触觉定位雌性。 词汇题：aggregate, transparent, cluster, many-segmented听力 听力1：prescribed burns 有time plan, 在animals不是reproduce是时候进行，就没有young的会受威胁。不在reproduction期间的话，就本身没有young ones，mature ones会remove 很快。 听力2：forest growth will absorb CO2 quickly, forests grow fast to absorb 听力3： natural fires确实有，但是没有那么大的威力。 Sample answer :The reading and listening discuss about prescribed burning. The reading points out three disadvantages of prescribed burning. Whereas, the professor totally refutes the three points presented in the passage.Firstly, the professor rebuts the readings first point that the wildlife will be negatively affected, especially those which are young and probably unable to escape. The professor claims that people will choose to conduct the prescribed burning in some special period. And during these periods animals do not reproduce. Without junior animals, the adult animals will be able to flee easily.Secondly, the professor contradicts readings second reason that theres carbon dioxide in the smoke released during the burring process. And the C02 will aggravate pollution and green house effect. The professor mentions that the process of growing the plants counteracts this release of carbon dioxide. Besides, the place for prescribed burning is small, and the process emits small amount of smog, which will actually be absorbed soon.At last, the passage points out prescribed burning has nothing to do with preventing forest fires in some places, thus theres no need to spend money and energy on prescribed burning. However, the professor explains that its true that this way can not prevent another forest fire happening, but thats because of peoples carelessness. Prescribed burnings are used to eliminate flammable substances, like branches. And even in the areas where the natural fire often happens, the fire can be controlled and put out easily, for theres no combustion improver nearby.口语 原题：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People who develop many different skills are more successful than people who just focus on one skill only. Sample answer :When it comes to the qualities of successful people, people varying in education background and experience tend to give distinctive answers. Some would argue that those who are successful should be versatile and excel in lots of skills like communication skills, leadership skills and even organizational skills while others believe that one who is exceptional in one area is more likely to be successful. I personally believe that a versatile person with various skill sets can be more successful.Admittedly, as the saying goes Jack of all trades and master of none and there are rare cases where some people who are expert in only one field stand out. However, it is more common for versatile people with multiple skills to be successful because of the following reasons.First of all, people who are talented and versatile are more competitive and competent in their career, and they enjoy better change to be promoted in a professional setting. Actually, a lot of positions require a combination of skill sets, such as paying attention to details, knowledge in a specific field and communication skills, etc. Indeed, more skills will give someone more chance to get promoted. For instance, if a computer programmer just knows how to write program and focuses only on the technical side of the job, chances are that he would never get promoted. On the other hand, if not only does the computer programmer have programming skills but also he is a genius people-wise, he might get a better shot to be promoted as a manager in charge of a team of computer programmers. Thus, he can enjoy more opportunities in his career.Additionally, it is much easier for a versatile person with various skill sets to build rapport with people and make friends. It is self-evident that people with all kinds of skills will be very attractive and charismatic. A person who not only has professional knowledge in one specific field but also has people skills and leadership skills will be very popular and standing out among his or her peers. For instance, my friend Alex, a bright young professional working in the financial industrial. He was awarded the most valuable banker in his company because of his professionalism and dedication to serving the customers and clients. Not only is he successful in his professional life, but also he is an amateur violinist. Actually, he plays for a city choir to represent the community and go against other cities choir. Such skills can be very useful when building up connections with people and thus he can expand his social network easily. Furthermore, he can use these skills to entertain his clients and customers on certain occasions and have their trust on him.In conclusion, a versatile person with various skill sets can be more competitive and outstrip others in the workplace, eventually they enjoy better chance to be promoted. Another advantage of having multiples skills is that it can be much easier and readily for them to network and expand their social connections. 原题：Your friend is coming to your country for studying, but he or she is worried about the cost, what are the advices you can offer? Sample answer :I would convince her to forgo the worries; first, compared with western countries, living cost in most cities of China is negligible, like if he doesnt have a big purchase plan, around 10,000 Yuan is sufficient for living in BJ comfortably for a whole month, so it wouldnt be a huge financial burden; second, if my friend is really suffering from a tight budget, I will offer my help, like provide accommodation and meals for her, if she is interested in staying in China for a longer period of time, I would suggest her to keep eyes open on some part time jobs, like teaching English to Chinese students, in that case, she will definitely make enough bucks to afford this trip.T2： 原题：Some people answer mobile phones and reply text messages when they are meeting friends in person, others think it is not a polite thing to do when they are already having a face to face conversation, what is your opinion on this matter? Sample answer :I think its indeed impolite to make calls or send text messages on a diner table. Last Friday, my friend Daniel asked me out to dinner together, after we sat down, he kept answering phone calls like a hundred times and was busy staring at his phone and sending numerous text messages, I felt awful, sitting there like an idiot! That was how I felt, totally ignored, disrespected and belittled. I thought he just didnt respect my feelings and time! What is the purpose of asking me out, while keeping answering phone calls? I will never ever go outside to dinner with him again!T3： 标题：University to Build New Auditorium 改变： The university is planning to build a new auditorium to replace the old one. 阅读理由： Firstly, the old auditorium is old-fashioned, the decorations have been outdated; having a new, clean, modern auditorium is a better option. In addition, the old one is too small to accommodate all students. 听力态度：Disagree 听力理由：Firstly, old auditorium is the first thing the university ever built, it is part of the history, it represents the history. Secondly, in terms of the space of the old auditorium, barely there are any events that require all students to participate in the auditorium, often there is small group of people come to see a play or concert, so space is no concern. Sample answer :The school has announced that a new auditorium is going to be built to replace the old one. There are two reasons. Firstly, old auditorium is old-fashioned, and the decorations have been outdated. So having a new, clean, modern auditorium is a better option. In addition, the old one is too small to accommodate all students. However, the speaker disagrees with the announcement. He thinks the old auditorium is the first thing the university ever built, which can be regarded as a part of the history. Secondly, in terms of the space of the old auditorium, barely there are any events that require all students to participate in the auditorium. Usually there are only small groups of people come to see a play or a concert, so the space is large enough.T4： 标题：Dormancy 定义：In the really harsh natural environment, some animals will use dormancy to protect themselves from the nature. In a word, they will avoid exposure to certain elements in the environment and use slow metabolism to preserve energy. 听力：Professor used an example of the lungfish to demonstrate the term, lungfish lives in the shallow lakes that faces the possible consequences of drying up. If the lake dries up, then the lungfish is cooked, so they will explore certain method to prevent that from happening. So basically what the lungfish do is to dig a hole through the mud at the bottom of the lake, its body will be curled up and berried in the mud, so the covered mud could be a proactive coat for the lungfish that keeps them away from the heat and also keep the moisture inside the body. The lungfish will keep the body still and breathe really slow, the heart beat is slowing down as well. Usually the lungfish relies on eating crabs and small fish to survive but since it lives in the shelter, it doesnt need to eat anything at all. They can survive in this shelter for months, or even years until the lake returns. Sample answer :In the lecture, the professor introduces dormancy, which means that some animals avoid exposure to certain elements in the environment and use slow metabolism to preserve energy. Professor used an example of the lungfish to demonstrate the term. In order to avoid the drought, the lungfish digs a hole through the mud at the bottom of the lake and buried in the mud, so the covered mud could be a proactive coat for the lungfish that keeps them away from the heat and keeps the moisture inside the body. The lungfish will keep the body still and breathe really slow. In this way, its heart beat is slowing down as well. Then, they can survive in this shelter for months, or even years until the lake returns.T5： 问题：The woman wants to take the guitar lesson but the guitar lesson got canceled because there was not much people signing up for it this semester. 解决方法1：Her professor offered the first solution in which she can seek for a professor at school for private lessons. 优点1：They will meet up once a week, she can be committed to several lessons altogether until she can play very well. 缺点1：She is concerned about the expense since private lessons usually are not cheap, not to mention she has to take several courses. 解决方法2：She can buy a book online to teach herself how to play guitar, there also comes with a cd that she can listen to. 优点2：There is no need to worry about the cost. 缺点2：If she want to study fast and to learn more, she has to be really committed, disciplined and stick to it. Sample answer : The woman has met a problem that her guitar lesson was canceled because there was not much people signing up for it this semester. Her professor offers two solutions. The first one is that she can seek for a professor at school for private lessons. In that way, she can be committed to several lessons altogether until she can play very well, but the tuition will be very expensive. The second solution is she can buy a book and learn by herself. In this way, she doesnt need to worry about the cost. But if she wants to study fast and to learn more, she has to be really committed, disciplined and stick to it.T6： 话题：In a mass media class, professor talks about certain techniques in advertising to persuade consumers. 小标题1：Direct route. 案例1：If a car is really energy efficient that it runs on electricity or small amount of gasoline, in advertisement, they will use facts and statistics to compare themselves with other cars, the consumers can have a pretty good sense on the functions. This is direct approach or direct route. 小标题2：Indirect route 案例2：If a car is ordinary in functions, has no other obvious advantages, in advertisement it will be showing a group of people smiling and