2020年浙江湖州高考英语复习-非谓语动词误用、词性误用、常用词语辨析错误、比较等级及其他

考点7考点10（非谓语动词误用、词性误用、常用词语辨析错误、比较等级及其他）,短文改错专题,2016-2019年全国I卷,全国II卷,全国III卷总共考查知识点分布,考点7：,什么是非谓语动词?1.动词不定式,以动词do为例:主动:一般式todo,完成式tohavedone,进行式tobedoing被动:一般式tobedone,完成式tohavebeendone2.动词的ing形式主动:一般式doing,完成式havingdone被动:一般式beingdone,完成式havingbeendone3.过去分词(只有一般式done),1.(2019年全国卷)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.,主语是I,表示“对感兴趣”,故把interesting改为interested。,2.(2019年全国卷)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.,本句中已有谓语cheered，故say应作为非谓语动词；又因say与主语players是主动关系，故把say改为saying。,3.(2019年全国卷)Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchas“TangDynasty”.因wantsb/sthtodosth为固定搭配，意味“想要某人/某物做某事”，故在have前加to。4.(2019年全国卷)IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.因succeedindoingsth.为固定搭配,意为“成功做某事”，故把manage改为managing。,5.(2018年全国卷)Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnotletme.表示“请求做某事”是asktodosth。,6.(2018年全国卷)Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity;otherswerenervousandanxious.,固定搭配beeagertodosth，意为“渴望做某事”。故take前加to。,7.(2017全国卷)Whensummercomes,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!,固定搭配invitesb.todosth.，意为“邀请某人去做某事”。故pick前加to。,1.当句中已有谓语动词时，后面又出现动词，且该动词前没有并列连词时，该动词应是非谓语动词。如真题再练第2题。2.作主语或宾语用动词-ing形式(一般情况)或不定式(具体某次)；在介词后作宾语要用动词-ing形式,如真题再练第4题。,3.根据分词的逻辑主语与分词是主动关系还是被动关系，判断分词是否用错。如：Itwillbelotsoffunpractisingoutintheplaygroundintheafternoonwiththetreesaroundusallredandyellowandeverybodylaughedandshouting.(2007大纲卷II)解析：在and(with)everybodylaughedandshouting中,因everybody与laugh是主动关系,要用动词-ing形式作宾补，故改laughed为laughing。,4.用固定搭配去判断是否有错。如hadbetterdosth；agreetodosth；helpdosth；wouldliketodosth；helpsb(to)dosth；make/let/havesbdosth(使某人做某事)；see/hearsbdosth(看到/听到某人做某事)；see/hearsbdoingsth(看到/听到某人正在做某事)等。如真题再练第3、6、7题。,1.作主语或作介词宾语，该用动词-ing形式时却用了原形。尤其注意分清to是介词还是不定式符号。注意：lookforwardto,beusedto,bedevotedto,getaccustomedto等固定词组中的to是介词。如：,Heisntgoodattalkbuthegetsonwellwithotherpeople.(2013大纲卷)解析：talk在介词at后作宾语，应当用动词-ing形式，故改talk为talking。,2.作定语、状语或补语时，非谓语动词形式用错。如：Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing(2012大纲卷II)解析：水“被用”,用过去分词作后置定语，故改using为used。,3.只能接不定式或只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语动词。如：Lastyear,shedecidedstudyabroad.Inotherwords,wewouldbeseparatedforalongtime.(2010大纲卷II)解析：由decidetodosth.(决定做某事)可知,要在study前加to。,4.情感类动词的-ed分词与-ing分词的区别。如：MyfriendNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS,whichwasveryinterested.(2010全国课标卷)解析：句中的which代表astoryabouthisexperience，即“他的故事是有趣的”，应当用-ing分词作形容词，因为interested是表示人“感兴趣的”，故将interested改为interesting。,5.不定式的被动式中过去分词的拼写错误。如：IfIhavethehonortobechosetoworkforthe29thOlympicGames,IwillfirstimprovemyEnglish(2008大纲卷II)解析：我有幸被选去为第29届奥运会工作，不定式用被动式是正确的，但构成被动式的过去分词chose错了，应改为chosen。,1.(2019年全国卷)Toeveryonessurprising,theballwentintothenet.,此处为“toones+抽象名词”结构，toonessurprise意为“使某人惊讶的是”，故把surprising改为surprise。,2.(2019年全国卷)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.,修饰名词caf,应用形容词,故把ordinarily改为ordinary。,3.(2018年全国卷)Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.因在系动词felt后作表语要用形容词。4.(2018年全国卷)Immediate,Iraisedmyhand.修饰全句作状语，用副词，故把Immediate改为Immediately。,5.(2016全国卷)Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.,由句意“成功的关键是诚实”，故用与名词thekey相对的名词honesty作表语。,6.(2015全国II卷)Momsaid,“Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried.”Tonypromisedherthatthiswouldneverhappenagain.,修饰形容词(worried)用副词。,7.(2014全国I卷)Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.,与small,juicy并列，作表语，用形容词。,做这类题的前提要具备两个基础：一是要懂得分析句子结构，即划分句子成分；二是要知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性。如：充当主语或宾语的应是名词，充当定语、表语或补语的应是形容词,充当状语的应是副词(修饰动词、形容词或全句)。有了这些基础，找这类错误就容易了。,这是一个常考点，几乎年年都考，甚至一份试卷中出现两处这类错误。错误类型有：1.在句中作定语或表语本应用形容词,却用了副词或名词等别的词性的词。如真题再练第2、3题。,2.修饰动词、形容词或全句作状语本应用副词，却用了形容词。如真题再练第6题。3.在句中作主语或宾语本该用名词却用了动词等别的词性的词。如真题再练第1题。,考点9：,1.(2019年全国卷)Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.,因hard(努力地；费力地)与hardly(几乎不)均可作为副词,但是词义不同。由语境可知,“我”挡住了足球,并“使劲地”把它踢回操场,故把hardly改为hard。,2.(2019年全国卷)Then,whenIwasinthefifthgrade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoomuch.,此处表示“我非常喜欢我的英语老师”，用somuch或verymuch；而toomuch表示“太多”，明显不符合语境，故把too改为very/so。,3.(2018年全国卷)LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchickens.,习惯上说comehere和gothere，相对于说话人来说，离自己近处叫here，离自己远处叫there。,4.(2017全国卷)Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.,本句主语Mr.和Mrs.是两个人，故用both。而all指“三者及以上”。直接去掉all也可以。,或,5.(2015全国I卷)Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.,修饰可数名词复数要用many。,6.(2013全国I卷)Ihardlyremembermygrandmother.Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.,固定搭配：usedtodosth.(过去常做某事)。比较：beusedtodoingsth.(习惯做某事)。,常用词的用法辨析是一个常考点1.many与much的误用。(考的频率最高)辨析：many修饰或代替可数名词复数；much修饰或代替不可数名词。2.hard与hardly的误用。辨析：hardadv.努力地；猛烈地，adj.困难的;hardlyadv.几乎不。,3.here与there的误用。辨析：通常说去“那里”，即gothere；来“这里”，即comehere。4.usedtodosth.与beusedtodoingsth.的误用。辨析：usedtodosth.过去常常做某事；beusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事。,考点10：,1.(2019年全国卷)Then,whenIwasinthefivegrade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteacherverymuch.,表示“在几年级”的表达为“inthe+序数词+grade”，故把five改为fifth。,2.(2019年全国卷)WhenIstudiedchemistryinhighschool,Ireconsideredmygoalanddecidedtobeadoctor.Theyweretworeasonsforthedecision.,此处表示“有两个做出这个决定的原因”。表示“有/存在”用therebe句型。故把They改为There。,3.(2019年全国卷)OnewasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.,因better本身已经是比较级，much修饰比较级better表程度，more在此多余，故把more去掉。,4.(2018年全国卷)ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andanotheranimals.,因为another是“另一个”，其后接的名词只能是单数可数名词，而由前面的dogs,ducks及常识可知，不会是“另外一个动物”，而是“其他动物”，故改为other。,5.(2016全国卷)Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.,并列连词and前后词语的语法形式不一致,一个最高级,一个比较级，这种并列不一致现象一定错了;因有表示范围的inmylife,所以要用最高级,故将比较级worse改为最高级worst,与best并列。,6.(2012全国课标卷)IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.,由前面的morepatient可知。,1.比较级和最高级与原级之间的误用。2.基数词与序数词的误用。3.连接性副词therefore,however,then,besides等之间的误用。如：,ThefactoryhasbeenmovedoutofthecityThemarkethasgivenwaytoasupermarket.Besides,thebookstorenexttoourmiddleschoolisstillthere.(2009大纲卷I)解析：前面句子描述的是变了，后面是说书店依然在那里，即前后是转折关系，而前后又有标点，故改Besides为However。,4.不定代词的误用。如：Otherwayistowatchoureverydayuseofwaterandelectricityathome.(2012大纲卷)解析：在单数可数名词(way)前表示“另一”，应当用another，故改Other为Another。注意改后单词的第一个字母要大写。,Homework(改错题同步训练)一.单句改错1.(2015全国II卷)Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundthathisparentsweremissing.2.(2013全国II卷)Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner.3.(2012全国课标卷)Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,Ifoundoutthatwithmorepatience,Icouldmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.4.(2011全国课标卷)IwasattheShanghairailwayStationbuyatickettoHangzhou.5.(2010大纲卷I)Heagreedtoreadingmystoryandgivemesomeadviceonhowtowritelikearealwriter.6.(2016全国卷)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.7.(2016全国卷)Atonetime,Ieverfeltmyparentscouldntunderstandme,soIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.8.(2009全国课标卷)Everyoneelseseemsveryniceandwarmlyhere.9.(2007全国课标卷)LiMingandIlovedwalkingalongthebeautifullybeachesthere.10.(2011大纲卷II)Itwasrealaniceexperience.,11.(2016全国卷)Itdoesnotcostmany,yetwecanstilllearnalot.12.(2013大纲卷)Mymotherisverymuchkindandisfriendlytoeverybody.13.(2012大纲卷II)Next,notdrinkingwatershouldbeleftrunning.14.(2014全国卷)Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpofourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoesinourbackgarden.15.(2011大纲卷I)Wemetunderatalltreeandhadourlunches.Mybestfriend,Aigulie,wasusedtoshareherNangwithme.16.(2009大纲卷II)JustbeforeIturnedthecornerofParkStreet,IhappenedtoseeanaccidentIstayedhereforoneandahalfhoursandmadesurethatthegirlwasallright.17.(2007大纲卷I)ThenIaskedhim,“Grandpa,howcomeyouhavesomuchlinesonyourhand?”18.(2018年全国卷)Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.19.(2012大纲卷I)Whatsmore,wecangotoworkbybikeandwecanalsobuysmallercarsthatburnlittleoil.20.(2007大纲卷II)ThesearethehappiergirlsIveeverseen,二.语篇改错LastSunday,Itookpartinwalkingactivitywithmyfriends.Earlierinthemorning,wejoinotherparticipantsofdifferentages.At8:30,wegatheredatthestartingpoint,prepareourselvesforthelongdistancewalking.Assoonthanthesignalwasgiven,wesetoffalongthewalkingroute(线路)aroundtheSportsPark.Somepeoplewalkedfast,whileothersjusttookourtimetoenjoythefreshairsandthebeautifulnaturalscenery.MyfriendsandIcheeredea