新目标英语八年级下第5单元知识点讲解

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?话题：谈论过去的事情，讲故事教学目标：熟练运用过去进行时态讲故事重点：过去进行时态重点句型：What was/were sb. doing? 某人正在做什么？ Sb. was/were doing sth. 某人正在做某事。 It is+n. +to do sth. 做某事是知识点：1. 过去进行时概念：过去进行时，是表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的状态或动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语来表示。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。常用的时间状语：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, 例如：(1)What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点)(2)When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点) (3)We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 (4)What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？基本句型肯定句：主语+was/were+动词的-ing形式+其他否定句：主语+was/were+not+动词的-ing形式+其他一般疑问句：Was/were+主语+动词的-ing形式+其他一般疑问句回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+was/were+not.拓展：英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时） 1)表心理状态、情感的动词，如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用进行时则词意改变。 Im forgetting it . (=beginning to forget ) 2)表存在、状态的动词，如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等 3)表感觉的动词，如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等. 4)表一时性的动词，如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。 误：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。误：I wasnt understanding him.正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。典型例题：1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fellC. was reading; was fallingD. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。过去进行时和一般过去时的区别 一般过去时 a. 叙述过去状态、动作或事件 He went to Beijing the other day.（带具体时间）b. 表示过去的习惯 would ,used to与过去时 would 表间断性不规则的习惯，常带频率时间 used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯 They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words. He smoked a lot two years ago. （过去行为） c. 表示过去的经历，平行动作，依此事件用一般过去时。 He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此发生) d. 表示客气委婉的语气，用于情态动词，助动词和want , wonder , hope 等 How did you like the film? / Could you help me? 过去进行时 a. 表示在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生 What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生) b. 短暂性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算 During that time he was going with us.(表示打算) c. 与always ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱，讨厌等感情色彩。 He was always Changing his mind. 强化训练Drilling Square 请判断下列各题空格处动词的正确时态（一般过去时或过去进行时）。 1.It _（rain）very hard when we _（get）there yesterday. 2.I _（watch） TV at 7:00 P.M. yesterday. 3.What _（you do ） at that time? 4.She _（have） a bath when the phone _（ring）. 5.The students _（make） noises while the teacher _（be） away. 6.I _（read） in my room when she _（come）. 7.It _（grow） dark, so we _（turn） back for home. 8.As the winds _（blow） stronger and stronger, we _（not go） swimming yesterday afternoon. 9.The baby _（cry ） all morning today. 10.We _（have） a good time when suddenly the lights _（go） out. 2. rainstorm n. 暴风雨rainstorm 是由rain+storm构成的合成词，rain常见的合成词有 coat raincoat 雨衣rain drop raindrop 雨滴 fall rainfall 下雨 worm rainworm 蚯蚓3. alarm 作可数名词讲，意为“闹钟”“警报” a fire alarm 防火警报器I set a alarm for 7 oclock.作不可数名词讲，意为“惊恐，惊慌”a sense of alarm 惊慌感作动词讲 意为“向报警，使警觉”Alarm everyone quickly because the house is on fire.快警告大家，因为房子着火了。4. go offgo off 短语根据不同的情况，有多种意思发出响声 When the fire alarm went off, everyone ran out quickly.爆炸，开火 He pulled the trigger, but the gun didnt go off.电气设备停止运行 As the water came in the windows, all the lights went off. 离开 He went off in a hurry. 他匆匆地离开。5. pick up接电话 Tom, I called you, but you didnt pick up.捡起，拾起 I picked up a wallet on my way home.开车接某人 I will pick you up at the station.学到，偶然获得 Heres a tip I picked up from my mother.感染 I picked up a terrible cold yesterday.6. begin begin后可接to或doing表示开始做某事，但是在3种情况下用to do较好。主语是物而不是人The ice began to melt.本身为ing形式He is just beginning to write the letter.begin后面有understand, konw等动词。She began to understand it.7. beat&winbeat获胜后面接比赛中的对手或敌人Our team beat their team by 5:4.win后面接比赛，奖品，名誉，财产等Mary won first place in the game.8. rise&ariserise升起，上升主语自身移动向较高位置The smoke is rising from the chimney.arise举起，提高主语发出的动作作用于其他事物Lets arise our glasses to Tom.9. It is+n.+to do sth. 做某事是It is good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friend when they are talking.10. Although some peopleremember who killed him, they remember what they were doing本句结构较为复杂。首先，本句含有although引导的让步状语从句，而该从句的who killed him又作remember的宾语从句，同样，主句的what they were doing也是宾语从句，作主句中remember的宾语。中考宾语从句主要考查以下三个方面。语序宾语从句要用陈述句的语序时态通常主句是一般过去时态，则从句也要相应的过去的某种时态，主句若为一般现在时态，从句则根据事实情况而定。引导词that(陈述事实的句子), if/whether(询问是否的句子), wh-(询问什么，谁，时间，地点和原因等情况的句子), how(询问方式)11. pupil n. 学生 pupil小学生middle school student中学生college student大学生undergraduate本科生master硕士生doctor博士生12. completely adv. 彻底地，完全地Eg. I am completely wrong. 我完全错了。completely十分，完全地But they forget it completely.但是他们完全忘了它。entirely完全，强调一个“整体”The work has been done entirely. 工作整个被做完了。totally强调“数量”上的完全There are 50 students totally.总共有50名学生。fully程度最深，彻底地I fully agree with you.我完全同意你。13. silence 沉默，缄默，无声silencen.沉默，无声The silence was broken by a loud cry.寂静被一声大喊打破。silentadj.沉默的，无声的Keep silent.保持安静。silentlyad