语法填空时态语态PPT课件

.,1,.,2,时态和语态是高考语法填空中的必考点，每年必考。究竟考些什么内容？现将考点简述如下：1.时态。时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语中常用的时态有16种，但高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有十种：,考点解密,.,3,.,4,注：(1)表示将来还有多种形式，如：“begoingto+动词原形”“beto+动词原形”“beaboutto+动词原形”等。在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来；表示计划好的活动，还常用现在进行时表示。(2)现在进行时与always，continually，constantly等连用，表示说话人的某种情感，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如：Heisalwayshelpingothers.他总是帮助别人。(赞扬),.,5,2.语态。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，不同时态的被动语态的形式由be来体现，如一般过去时的被动语态就是“was/were+过去分词”，一般将来时的被动语态就是“willbe+过去分词”。,.,6,在高考英语语法填空中，一般有一空是考查谓语动词的时态，同时有一空是考查非谓语动词，因此，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是用被动语态，二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态，进而确定所填动词的形式。,解题技巧,.,7,例1：Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnaturalcourse.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(广东),实例剖析,分析：因句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是动名词短语作主语，括号中的result应当为谓语动词；主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词resultin本身是不能用于被动语态的，故用主动语态；根据语境，这段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明的道理，“我们必须让事物沿着它们的自然进程发展。太着急帮助一件事物发展，结果往往和我们的意图相反（欲速则不达）。”这是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填results。,.,8,例2：Thepolicemansattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich_(place)undertheMinisterscar.(广东),分析：替代thebox的关系代词which在定语从句中作主语，place应当为谓语动词；因主语which(thebox)与place(放置)是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因place这个动作发生在wascaught这个动作之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填hadbeenplaced。,.,9,.,10,时态语态,一、考点分析谓语动词的时态语态在全国卷高考中是每年必考点，我们必须重视。虽然考试说明中的列了十种时态，但常考的只是一般现在时和一般过去时。,.,11,1.一般现在时。Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.解析句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。,results,.,12,2.一般过去时。Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman33(present)thewatertotheoldman.,解析句中theyoungman是主语，其后的present应是谓语动词，由语境可知，用一般过去时。,presented,.,13,3.固定句式中的时态。IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31(break)downneararemotevillage.,解析在when后面的句子中，mycar是主语，break应为谓语动词；由全文可知这是叙述过去的经历，用一般过去式；再说was/weredoingwhendid是一个固定句型，when后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时，表示“正在做某事，就在这个时候发生了另一事”。,broke,.,14,4.一般过去时的被动语态。Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane40(inform).,解析Jane是主语，其后的inform应是谓语动词；因Jane与inform是被动关系，又是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。,wasinformed,.,15,二、真题演练用所给词的适当形式填空。1.peoplesteppedonyourfeetor34(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.(2009年广东),1.pushed与stepped并列，也用一般过去时。,pushed,.,16,2.Iseveryonehere?Notyet.Look,there_(come)therestofourguests!,e。由于以here和there开头引出的倒装句通常只用于一般时态，又因为句子主语therestofourguest为复数，故填come。,come,.,17,3.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshestheonlyoneofthewomenwho_(wear)eveningdress.(2010全国卷II),3.wears。根据句意，此处谈的是一般情况，要用一般现在时；由于oneofthewomen前有only修饰，说明其后的定语从句是修饰one的，而不是修饰women的，所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数；故填wears。,wears,.,18,4.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers_(have)theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.(上海卷),4.have。根据句中的everyfewyears(每隔几年)可知，动作带有经常性和规律性，故用一般现在时。,have,.,19,5.Thechurchtowerwhich_(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.(上海卷),5.isbeingrestored。根据句中的willbeopentotouristssoon(不久将对游客开放)以及Theworkisalmostfinished(工程差不多快结束了)可知，thechurchtower的修复工程还正在进行，故用现在进行时的被动语态。,isbeingrestored,.,20,6.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit_(come)onthemarketin1973.(重庆卷),6.came。主句用现在完成时，since引导的从句用一般过去时。,came,.,21,7.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou_(arrive)safely.(2010全国卷I),7.havearrived。根据常识，说话人应该是叫对方“已经”到家后才打电话报平安，故选现在完成时。,havearrived,.,22,8.Uptonow,theprogram_(save)thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.(山东卷),8.hassaved。短语uptonow的意思是“到现在为止”，指从过去某时开始持续到现在的一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用。,hassaved,.,23,9.Formanyyears,people_(dream)ofelectriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.(浙江卷),9.havedreamed。根据句意和句中的时态hasbeen，以有formanyyears(多年来)可知，要用现在完成时。,havedreamed,.,24,10.一Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?一Notuntilwe_ourplan.(四川卷),10.havefinished。再根据句意和常识可知，人们通常是先制定计划，然后付诸实施，故空格处填现在完成时比较符合句子语境。,havefinished,.,25,11.Imnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.Butourfriends_(wait)forus.(北京卷),11.arewaiting。对话的意思是：“我还有没吃完饭。”“但是我们的朋友在等我们了。”,arewaiting,.,26,12.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople_(sell)allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.(湖南卷),12.wereselling。根据常识，在“我慢慢走过市场时”，在市场那里有各种蔬菜水果在卖，“我”才会“仔细研究其价格”“买下需要的东西”。,wereselling,.,27,13.Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?No,I_(read)thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.(2010安徽卷),13.hadread。由语境可知，“看这本书”应该是在“看电影”之前，故用过去完成时。,hadread,.,28,14.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey_(do)forme.(北京卷),14.haddone。句中do的动作应发生took之前，故用过去完成时。,haddone,.,29,15.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone_(do)it.Wasityou?(湖南卷),15.haddone。根据句意可知，“有人给玫瑰剪枝”发生在“我去给玫瑰剪枝”之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。,haddone,.,30,16.Imtiredout.I_(shop)allafternoonandIdontseemtohavefinishedanything.(2010湖南卷),16.havebeenshopping。因为“很累”是因为“整个下午一直在购物”导致的，又由dontseem可知，现在仍在购物，故用现在完成进行时。,havebeenshopping,.,31,17.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI_(cough)alotlately.(2010陕西卷),17.havebeencoughing。根据句中“不得不要去看医生”这一信息可知，“咳嗽”这一现象现在还在持续，用现在完成进行时。,havebeencoughing,.,32,18.Thiscoastalarea_(name)anationalwildlifereservelastyear.(湖南卷),18.wasnamed。由于thiscoastalarea与name之间为被动关系，再根据句中的lastyear可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。,wasnamed,.,33,19.Linda,makesurethetables_(set)beforetheguestsarrive.(2010全国卷II),19.areset。由于table(桌子)与set(摆，放置)之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；又因为makesure后接从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，故用一般现在时的被动语态。,areset,.,34,20.Thepalacecaughtfiresthreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding_(remain)now.(2010重庆卷),20.remains。意思是说，由于三次失火，原来的建筑现在就没有留下来了。remain=beleft被留下来。,remains,.,35,21.Youvefailedtodowhatyou_(expect)toandImafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.(四川卷),21.wereexpected。由expectsbtodosth(期待某人做某事)可知，you与expect为被动关系，要用被动语态；意思是指没有做“过去安排好要做的事”，于是担心受惩罚，故用一般过去时的被动语态。,wereexpected,.,36,22.Thencameanotherrider;theoldman32(catch)hiseyeandsaid,“Sir,wouldyouminddoingmeafavor?”(2010深圳一模),22.caught。由与之并列的谓语动词andsaid可知，catch也用一般过去时。,caught,.,37,23.Peoplesaythatasmilecan39(pass)fromonepersontoanother,butactsofkindnessfromstrangersareevenmoreso.(2010深圳一模),23.bepassed。因asmile与pass是被动关系，故用被动语态，注意情态动词后用原形。,bepassed,.,38,24.Ithoughtforamoment,35(roll)downthewindow,andgesturedtotheman.(2010茂名一模),24.rolled。从后文的and可知，roll的时态应与thought和gestured一致，要用一般过去时。注意，由and连接的两个或多个先后发生的系列动词时，其时态一致。,rolled,.,39,25.Whenresearch35(assign),theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwithminimumguidance.(三模),25.isassigned。谓语动词，因research(研究工作)与assign(分配)是被动关系，又根据前后时态(如expects)可知，此空应用一般现在时的被动语态。,isassigned,.,40,.,41,一、单句填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe_(notlive)hereanymore.(全国I)2.Thismachine_(notwork).Ithasntworkedforyears.(浙江)3.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they_(increase)theirsalesby20percent.(全国)4.Populationexpertspredictthatmostpeople_(live)incitiesinthenearfuture.(上海春),doesntlive,doesntwork,willincrease,willlive,.,42,5.He_(play)footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.(天津)6.HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?Yes,sinceshe_theChineseSociety.(宁夏)7.Teenagers_(damage)theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.(重庆)8.IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldntgetthrough.Herbrother_(talk)onthephoneallthetime!(湖南),played,joined,aredamaging,wastalking,.,43,9.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe_(notsmoke),andhehassmokedeversince.(北京)10.Bythistimetomorrow,I_(lie)onthebeach11.Sofarthisyearwe_(see)afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(福建),wouldnotsmoke,willbelying,haveseen,.,44,12.Thehotelwasntparticularlygood.ButI_(stay)inmanyworsehotels.(北京)13.Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe_(know)eachotherforyears.(辽宁),hadstayed,hadknown,.,45,14.ImsureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.Ithinkso.He_(prepare)foritformonths.(江苏)15.Thetelephone_(ring),butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.(四川)16.Didyougototheshowlastnight?Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea_(invite).(陕西),hasbeenpreparing,wasringing,wasinvited,.,46,17.Whatsthatnoise?Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine_(test).(浙江)18.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey_(teach)manytimesontheradio.(安徽),isbeingtested,havebeentaught,.,47,19.Nodecision_(make)aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.(北京)20.Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou_(offer)thisjob?Well,Imthinkingaboutthesalary.(湖南),willbemade,areoffered,.,48,二、语篇填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。(以动词时态为主),.,49,(1)ItwasgettingdarkwhenIgothome.ItwascoldandI1_(wear)acoat.Iwalkeduptothedoorandputmyhandintomypocket2_(take)outmykey3_Icouldntfindit.IsuddenlyrememberedthatIhadleft4_onmydeskintheoffice.Itreallydidntmake5_difference.Iknewmywifewasathomeandthechildrenmusthavecomebackfromschool6_now,soIknockedatthedoor.,waswearing,totake,but,it,any,by,.,50,Therewasnoanswer,soIknockedagain.I7_(continue)knockingatthedoorforsometime.Iwasgettingangry.ThenIrememberedsomethingtheofficeboyhadtoldmeatnoon.Hesaidthatmywife8_(phone)sayingthatshe9_(go)shoppingintheafternoonwiththechildren.Therewasonlyonethingformetodo:Ihadtoclimein10_awindow.,continued,hadphone,wouldgo,through,.,51,(2)Whenhewasalittle