How-to-write-an-argumentative-essayPPT课件

.,1,HowtoWriteanArgumentativeEssay,.,2,CONTENTS,TypesofWritingGeneralStrategiesforWritingBeforeWritingWhileWritingAfterWriting,.,3,TypesofWriting,1.Description（描写文）2.Narration（记叙文）3.Exposition（说明文）4.Argumentation（议论文）,.,4,GeneralStrategiesforWriting,Readthedirectionscarefullytobesurethatyouunderstandthetopicexactly.Organizeyourresponseclearly.Youshouldthinkofhavinganintroduction,bodyparagraphsthatdeveloptheintroduction,andaconclusiontoendyouressay.Useexamples,reasons,facts,orsimilardetailstosupportyourgeneralstatement.Sticktovocabularyandsentencestructuresthatyouknow.,.,5,BeforeWriting,Step1:DecodetheTopicStep2:DevelopSupportingIdeas,.,6,BeforeWriting,DecodethetopicThefirstandmostimportantstepwhenwritinganessayistodecodethetopictodeterminewhattheintendedoutlineis.Writingtopicsgenerallygiveveryclearcluesabouthowyouranswershouldbeconstructed.Itisimportanttofollowtheclearcluesthataregiveninthetopicwhenyouareplanningyouranswer.,.,7,BeforeWriting,Essaytopic:Somepeoplepreferlargeweddingswithlotsofpeople,whileothersprefersmallweddingswithonlyveryclosefriendsandfamily.Discusstheadvantagesofeachtypeofwedding.Thenindicatewhichyoupreferandwhy.,.,8,BeforeWriting,Paragraph1:IntroductoryParagraph(mentioningtheadvantagesoflargeandsmallweddings)Paragraph2:FirstSupportingParagraph(listinganddiscussingtheadvantagesoflargeweddings)Paragraph3:SecondSupportingParagraph(listinganddiscussingtheadvantagesofsmallweddings)Paragraph4:ConclusionParagraph(whetheryoupreferlargeorsmallweddingsandwhy),.,9,BeforeWriting,DevelopsupportingideasAfteryouhavedecodedawritingtopictodeterminetheoverallorganizationofyourresponse,youneedtoplanhowtodevelopyourideas.Youneedtoprovideasmuchsupportaspossiblefortheideasinyouressay,usingreasonsandexamplesandmakingyouransweraspersonalaspossible.Tohaveaneffectiveessay,youneedstrongsupport.,.,10,BeforeWriting,EssaytopicWhyisitimportanttoyoutolearnEnglish?Supportyourresponsewithreasonsandexamples.Introduction:myreasonsforlearningEnglish,.,11,BeforeWriting,SupportingParagraph1:foreducationalopportunities(examples)goingtouniversityabroad,goingtograduateschoolabroad(reason)necessarytolearnEnglishinordertostudyabroad(personalstory)theopportunitythatIhavetogetagraduatedegreeabroadwithascholarshipfrommycompany,.,12,BeforeWriting,SupportingParagraph2:forprofessionalopportunities(examples)gettinganentry-leveljobinamultinationalcompany,advancingtoahigherpositioninthecompany(reason)necessarytolearnEnglishinordertosucceedinamultinationalcompany(personalstory)thelow,entry-leveljobinamultinationalcompanythatIgotafterIwasinterviewedinEnglish,.,13,BeforeWriting,Conclusion:theeducationalandprofessionalopportunitiesthatresultfromlearningEnglish,.,14,WhileWriting,WritetheintroductoryparagraphWriteunifiedsupportingparagraphsWritetheconcludingparagraph,.,15,WritetheIntroductoryParagraph,Thepurposeoftheintroductionisfirsttointerestthereaderinyourtopicandthentoexplainclearlytothereaderwhatyouaregoingtodiscuss.Whenfinishedwithyourintroduction,thereadershouldbeeagertocontinueonwithyouressay,andthereadershouldhaveanexactideaofyourtopicandhowyouaregoingtoorganizethediscussionofyourtopic.Youdonotneedtogivetheoutcomeofyourdiscussionintheintroduction;youcansavethatfortheconclusion.,.,16,WritetheIntroductoryParagraph,TwopointsaboutwritingintroductoryparagraphsBegintheintroductionwithbackgroundinformationabouthowthetopicrelatestoyouinordertogetthereaderinterestedinyouressay.Endtheintroductionwithastatementorstatementsthatshowthereaderhowtherestoftheessaywillbeorganized.,.,17,WritetheIntroductoryParagraph,EssaytopicDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Tosucceed,youshouldfocusmoreoncooperationthanoncompetition.Supportyourresponsewithspecificexamples.,.,18,WritetheIntroductoryParagraph,Asastudentintheuniversity,Ifindthat,whileonmanyoccasionsitisbeneficialtocooperatewithotherstudents,itismostimportantformealwaystocompetewithotherstudentsforthetopgradesinthecoursesItake.Thefollowingtwosituationsfrommyuniversitystudiesindicatetheimportanceofcompetitiontoastudentinmyposition.,.,19,WritetheIntroductoryParagraph,Thefirstpartofthisintroductioninformsthereaderthatthewriterisauniversitystudentwhoregularlycompetesfortopgrades;italsoshowsthatthewriterbelievesthatcompetitionismoreimportantthancooperation.Fromthelastsentenceoftheintroduction,itcanbedeterminedthatthewriterwillcontinuetheessaybydiscussingtwosituationsfromtheuniversitythatdemonstratetheimportanceofcompetition.,.,20,WriteUnifiedSupportingParagraphs,Agoodwaytowriteaclearandeffectivesupportingparagraphistobeginwithasentencetointroducethemainideaofthepassage,supportthemainideawithstrongdetails,andconnecttheideastogetherinaunifiedparagraph.,.,21,WriteUnifiedSupportingParagraphs,Devicestoconnectideasinaunifiedparagraph:(1)repeatingakeyword;(2)rephrasingthekeyword;(3)referringtothekeywordwithapronounorpossessive;(4)addingtransitionexpressionsorsentences.,.,22,Sample1Ifyouwanttobeagoodemployee,onecharacteristicthatyoumusthaveisaclearunderstandingofthejobyouhave.Firstofall,youmustknowwhatyourresponsibilitiesareinthepositionyouhold.Forexample,youmustknowexactlywhattasksyoumustdoinyourjob.Youmustalsoknowexactlyhowthesetasksshouldbedoneandwhentheyshouldbedone.Afterthis,youmustunderstandtheorganizationalrulestofollow,suchaswhentotakebreaksorwhattodowhenyouaresick,anditisimportantforyoutounderstandtheseclearly.Inadditiontounderstandingyourdutiesandtherulesyoumustobserveinyourjob,youmustalsohaveaclearunderstandingofwhichdecisionsyoucanandcannotmake.Sometypesofdecisionsmaybeyourstomake,whileotherkindsofdecisionsmaybeuptoyoursupervisor.Insummary,foryoutobeagoodemployee,itisimportantforyoutounderstandalloftheseaspectsofyourjob.,.,23,WriteUnifiedSupportingParagraphs,Sample2OfallJeffersonsmanytalents,oneiscentral.Hewasaboveallagoodandtirelesswriter.Hiscompleteworks,nowbeingpublishedforthefirsttime,willfillmorethanfiftyvolumes.Histalentasanauthorwassoondiscovered,andwhenthetimecametowritetheDeclarationofIndependenceatPhiladelphiain1776,thetaskofwritingitwashis.Millionshavethrilledtohiswords:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,.,24,WritetheConcludingParagraph,Thepurposeoftheconclusionistocloseyouressaybysummarizingthemainpointsofyourdiscussion.Whenfinishedwithyourconclusion,thereadershouldclearlyunderstandyourexactideasonthetopicandthereasonsyoufeelthewaythatyoudoaboutthetopic.Theideasinyourconclusionshouldbecloselyrelatedtotheideasthatyoubeganintheintroduction.Whileintheintroductionyoushouldindicatewhatyouintendtodiscussintheessay,intheconclusionyoushouldindicatetheoutcomeorresultofthediscussion.,.,25,WritetheConcludingParagraph,EssaytopicDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Tosucceed,youshouldfocusmoreoncooperationthanoncompetition.Supportyourresponsewithspecificexamples.,.,26,WritetheConcludingParagraph,IfIhadnotcompetedsostronglyinthesetwosituations,mylifewouldbeverydifferentfromwhatitistoday.Iwouldneverhavebeenadmittedtothetopuniversityinmycountry,andIwouldcertainlyneverhaveearnedascholarshipformystudiesthere.ItisbecauseIbelievestronglyincompetitionthatIwasabletosucceedinthisway.,.,27,AfterWriting,EditSentenceStructureEditWrittenExpression,.,28,EditSentenceStructure,Directions:Findandcorrectthesentencestructureerrorsinthefollowingessay.Theessaydiscussesthefollowingtopic.Somepeopleprefertotakevacationsinquiet,naturalplaces,whileothersprefertospendtheirvacationtimeinbigcities.Discusstheadvantageofeachtypeofvacation.Thenindicatewhichyoupreferandwhy.,.,29,EditSentenceStructure,1.Whatyouneedtodobeforegoingonavacationitistodecidewhereyouwillgoonyourvacation.Youmaydecidetogotoaquietplacewithaquietandnaturalsetting,insteadyoumaydecidetogotoabigcitywithafast-pacedlife.Eachofthesetypesofvacationsomethingtooffer.(3errors),.,30,EditSentenceStructure,2.Thereasonsthatitcanbeagoodideatogotoaquietandnaturallocationforavacationtheyarenumerous.Firstofall,avacationinanaturalsettingallowingyoutorelaxandslowdownthepaceofyourlifeforawhile.Insteadofhurryingfromplacetoplaceasyouareusedtodoing.Youcanspendyourtimedoingnothingmorethanenjoyingthebeautyofthelocation.Then,afterarethoroughlyrelaxed,whatyoucandoitistotakepartinoutdooractivitiessuchashikingorswimming.Allofthiswillleaveyoucompletelyrelaxedandfreeofstressbytheendofyourvacation.(5errors),.,31,EditSentenceStructure,3.Itcanbenicetogotoaquietandnaturalspotforavacation,howeveritcanalsobequiteanadventuretogotoabigandfast-pacedcityforavacation.Themainreasonthatitcanbeagoodideatotakeavacationinabigcityitistotakepartinsomanyactivitiesthatareunavailableinyourhometown.Onabigcityvacation,numerousculturaleventsthatmightnotbeavailableinyourhometown,suchastheatricalperformances,concerts,andartandmuseumexhibits,theyareavailable.Onabigcityvacation,willalsohaveaccesstosomeoftheworldsfinestrestaurantsandshopping.Afteryourbigcityvacationhasended.Youwillhaveawholerangeofnewexperiencesthatarenotpartofyourdailylife.(5errors),.,32,EditSentenceStructure,4.Forme,thetypeofvacationthatIdecidetotakeitdependsonmylifepriortothevacation.Iworkasalegalassistantinalawoffice,thisjobisoftenrepetitiousanddullbutissometimesquitefranticjustpriortoamajorcase.Afteraslowandboringperiodofwork.AllIwantistoheadtoafast-pacedvacationinabigcity.However,ifmyjobbeenfranticandbusypriortomyvacation,thenwanttoheadtoaquietandbeautifulplacewhereIcanrelax(enjoycompleterelaxation).Thus,Ienjoydifferenttypesofvacation,thetypeofvacationdependsonthepaceofmylifebeforethevacation.(6errors),.,33,EditWrittenExpression,Directions:Findandcorrecttheerrorsinthefollowingessay.Theessaydiscussesthefollowingtopic.Somepeopleprefertoworkforacompany,whileothersprefertoworkforthemselves.Discusstheadvantagesofeachposition.Thenindicatewhichyoupreferandwhy.,.,34,EditWrittenExpression,1.Somethingveryimportantforstudentstodecideastheyneartheendoftheirstudiesarewhethershouldtheyworkforanothercompanyorgointobusinessforthemselves.Asauniversitystudent,thisdecisionaboutmyfutureareonethatIfacesoonmyself.Tome,eachofthesepositionshaveclearadvantages,inparticulardependingonthestageofyourcareer.(4errors),.,35,EditWrittenExpression,2.Thereisnumerousadvantagestoworkingforanothercompany,particularlyearlyinyourcareer.Oneoftheadvantagesarethatworkinginsomeoneelsescompanyprovideasituationwiththesecurityofaregularpaycheckandlessresponsibilitythanyouwouldhaveyouweretobetheownerofthecompany.Also,notuntilyoustartyourownbusinessyouneedtocomeupwiththefinancestobackthecompany.Thus,allofthisindicatethatitisbettertoworkforotherpeopleearlyinyourcareerwhileyouaregainingtheknowledgeandexperienceyouneedtostartyourowncompany.(6errors),.,36,EditWrittenExpression,3.Then,laterinyourcareer,itmaybeadvantageousforyoutogointobusinessforyourself.Themainreasonforgoingintobusinessforyourselfarethatinyourowncompanyyouareabletodecideonwhatdirectiondoyouwantyourcompanytogo.However,onlywhenyouhavegainedenoughknowledgeandexperienceareitagoodideatogointobusinessforyourself.Thisiswhenwillyoubereadytodealwiththeresponsibility,pressure,andfinancialneedsofowningacompany.(4errors),.,37,EditWrittenExpression,4.Nothingaremoreimportanttomethanhavingmyowncompanyoneday.However,whatseemsverycleartomenowisthatbeginningmycareerworkinginsomeoneelsescompanyarebest.Inthissituation,notonlyIcanworkwithmoresecurityandlesspressure,butIcanalsobuildupmyfinancialresourcesandlearnfromothers.Then,Ishouldmanagetogainenoughexperience,knowledge,andconfidenceandbuildupmyfinancialresources,Ihopeeventuallytoopenmyowncompany,wherecanIdetermineexactlyhowwouldIlikethecompanytooperate.(6errors),.,38,EditWrittenExpression,Directions:Findandcorrecttheerrorsinthefollowingessay.Theessaydiscussesthefollowingtopic.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Theprimaryreasontogetaneducationistosucceedfinancially.Supportyourresponsewithreasonsandexamples.,.,39,EditWrittenExpression,1.Iamauniversitystudent,andIamstudyingintheuniversityforanumberofreasons.Ofcourse,oneofmyreasonsforgoingtoschool,studyinghard,andobtainauniversitydegreeistosucceedfinancially;themoremoneyImake,itwillbebetterforme.However,financialsuccessisnotmymostimportantestreasonforgoingtotheuniversity.Instead,Iamgoingtotheuniversityforamuchbroadreasonthanthat:Ibelievethatauniversityeducationwillgivemeamuchrichandbetterlife,notjustinafinancialway.(5errors),.,40,EditWrittenExpression,2.Onewaythatauniversityeducationmakesyourlifeenjoyableristogiveyoutheopportunitytohaveacareerthatyoureallydesireandappreciative.Havingacareerthatyoulikeismuchbetterthanajobthatjustpaysthebills.I,forexample,amstudyingtobeamarinebiologist.Iwillhavet