(上课用)增译、减译法

1,第四讲增词译法和省词译法,AmplificationOmission,2,3,增词：Abook,tightshut,isbutablockofpaper.一本书，紧紧合上，只是一叠纸。一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠纸。一本书，如果紧紧合上而不读，只是一叠废纸。(闲置之书只是一叠废纸。),4,增词：名词词形与使用A)Flowersbloomallovertheyard.朵朵鲜花开满了庭院B)Thelionisthekingofanimals.狮是百兽之王C)Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色的长影。,5,省词：Johngotupvaryearlyinthemorning.Heputonhisjacket,(his)trousersand(his)shoes,satdownat(his)deskandbegantodohishomework.清晨约翰起得很早。他穿上夹克、裤子和鞋子，就在书桌那里坐下来开始做家庭作业。试比较：清晨约翰起得很早。他穿上他的夹克、裤子和鞋子，就在书桌那里坐下来开始做他的家庭作业。,6,省词：e.g.Idranksomeicetea,butitmadememorethirsty.VersionA:我喝了一些冰茶，但它却使我更渴了。VersionB:我喝了一些冰茶，却更渴了。,7,A)Successisoftenjustanideaaway.B)Awayfliesthearrow!C)Wearelookingforwardwithinteresttoyourreply.D)Agentlemanwilldieforonewhoappreciateshisworthwhileawomanwillbeautifyherselfforonewhoattractsher.,课堂思考与练习1试将下列英语句子译成汉语，注意词量的增减。,8,A)Successisoftenjustanideaaway.成功往往只是一个念头的距离。成功往往只是一念之差。成功与否往往只是一念之差。成败往往在于一念之间。,课堂思考与练习1参考译文试将下列英语句子译成汉语，注意词量的增减。,9,B)Awayfliesthearrow!箭飞走了！箭嗖的一声飞走了！嗖，箭飞走了！,10,C)Wearelookingforwardwithinteresttoyourreply.我们带着极大的兴趣盼望贵方的答复。盼复。D)Agentlemanwilldieforonewhoappreciateshisworthwhileawomanwillbeautifyherselfforonewhoattractsher.士为知己者死，女为悦己者容。,11,增词译法与省词译法,在准确理解原文的基础上在译文中添加必要词语或省略一些词语以便忠实再现原文信息和在译文中进行通顺表达的翻译方法。原则：增词不能蛇足，减词不能损意（王宏印，2002：174）,12,课堂思考与练习2,1、判断以下说法的正误并改正。1）增词译法就是在译文中随意添加词语的翻译技巧。2）减省译法省略的词语都是原文中不重要的词语。3）增译法和省译法都是目的语友善的归化译法。4）增译即是增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些部分；省译即是要确保在译文中虽无其词但有其意。2、判断以下译文是否属于增译或省译法并说明理由和改进。,13,LadiesRoomLadiesCf.MensRoomMen,14,AutomaticFlush,15,来也匆匆，去也冲冲ComeinHurry,GoinHurryFlushafterUseComeinaRush,LeavewithaFlush,16,Onesmallstepforward,onegiantleapforcivilianStepCloser,17,SpecialistClinic,18,19,语义性增补Semanticamplification,1.Amplificationbysupplyingverbs,nouns,adj,adv,numerals,pluralformsofnouns,unitwords,categorywords,etc.Forexample:*增加名词Washbeforemeal.饭前洗手.Heneversmokesordrinks.他从不吸烟，也不喝酒。Hehasgreaterinterestinnovelsthaninpoetry.他对小说的兴趣比对诗的兴趣大。,20,*增加动词Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqu.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演以后，他还得起草最后公报。,21,Thewealthofstudentstalent,applicationandindustryarecurrentlybeingwastedondiplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout（卢红梅，2006，p36).学生们的天赋、专心和勤奋现在正被浪费在攻读一些无人感兴趣的文凭和学位课程上。,22,*增加范畴词InE-C，weusuallytranslateabstractnounsintoconcretenounsbyaddingcategorywords,suchas“化”、“性”、“论”、“品”、“度”等。如：abstraction抽象化necessity必要性relativity相对论intensity强度preparation准备工作tension紧张状态,23,administration管理部门application使用场合computation计算技术damage破坏情况imagination想象力jealousy嫉妒心理,24,*增加概括词Amplificationbysupplyingwordsofgeneralization.Theytalkedaboutinflation,unemployment,financialinvestmentandenvironmentalprotection.他们谈到了通货膨胀、失业、金融投资以及环境保护等问题。ChinaandGreatBritainarrivedatanagreementonexchangestudents.中英双方就两国之间交换留学生问题达成了一项协议。,25,*增加量词,A）Shakespearewasawell-knownplaywrightinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.莎士比亚是英国文学史上一位著名的剧作家。,26,*增加副词Thecrowdsmeltedaway.人群渐渐散开了。Hepouredouthistaleofmisfortunes.他滔滔不绝地诉说/一古脑地讲诉/倾诉了自己的不幸遭遇。,27,*增加表达复数概念的词：重叠词、数词等Thejudgelethimoffwithwarningsnottocausetrouble.法官对他再三提出警告不得重新作案，然后把他释放。Cargoinsuranceistoprotectthetraderfromlossesthatmanydangersmaycause.货物保险会使贸易商免受许多风险所可能造成的种种损失。,28,2.AmplificationbysupplyingwordsintheTLtextthatcanindicatetheverbtensesintheSLtext增加因汉语语法无法表达的时态虚词（如正、在、着、了、过）或时间短语（如过去、现在、将来、那天、当时、到目前、一直）Cottonisfallinginprice,andthebuyersholdoff.棉花正在跌价，买主们都在持币观望。InflationwasandstillistheNo.1problemofthatcountry.通货膨胀过去是，现在仍然是该国的首要问题。Wecanlearnwhatwedidnotlearn.我们能够学会我们过去/原来/以往不懂的东西。,29,3.AmplificationbysupplyingbackgroundinformationLeMonde,theBBC,theNewYorkTimes,theentireArabpressallquoteHeikalatlength.法国的世界报，英国广播公司，美国的纽约时报，以及整个阿拉伯报界都大篇幅地引用海克尔的话。Theblondboyquicklycrossedhimself.那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划十字祈求上帝保佑。NixonlearnedthatCeausescuwouldwelcomeapresidentialvisit.尼克松了解到，齐奥塞斯库欢迎美国总统访罗。,30,Notallmergers,however,aretheresultofglobaleconomictrends,politicalchangeortechnologicalinnovation.BMWstakeoveroftheRoverGroupinjectedmuchneededinvestmentintothestrugglingUKcarmanufacturerwhilstextendingBMWsproductrange.然而，并非所有的合并都是经济全球化趋势、政治变化或者技术革新所带来的结果。德国宝马汽车公司接管了罗福汽车集团，给这个在挣扎中求生存的英国汽车制造公司注入了急需的资金，同时又拓展了宝马汽车公司本身的产品范围。,31,三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiang,themastermind.班门弄斧ShowingoffonesproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuBan,themastercarpenter.,32,Everyfamilyissaidtohaveatleastoneskeletoninthecupboard.俗话说，壁橱里面藏骷髅，见不得人的事家家有。Adviceandcorrectionrolloffhimlikewateroffaducksback.规劝对他好象水过鸭背不起作用。,33,B.结构性增补SyntacticAmplification1Amplificationbysupplyingwordsomittedinthesourcelanguagetext.Wedontretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不会后退。Agovernmentofandbyandfortheexploitingclasscannotpossiblysurvive.一个由剥削阶级所占有，由剥削阶级所组成，并为剥削阶级服务的政府是不可能存在下去的。,34,Mattercanbechangedintoenergy,andenergyintomatter.物质可以转化成能量，能量也可以转化成物质。Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardiness,affectionweakness,thriftavarice.勇敢过度即成蛮勇，感情过度即成溺爱，节俭过度即成贪婪。DontyouwantMr.Smithtobeyourtutor?Yes,ofcourse.你不想让史密斯先生当你的导师吗？我当然想。,35,B.句法性增补SyntacticAmplification2.AmplificationbysupplyingwhatisimpliedstructurallyintheSLtextThestrongestmancannotalterthelawofnature.即使最强壮的人也不能改变自然法则。Morethoroughtestingmighthavecaughtthefailureinitially.如果测试更为彻底，也许一开始就能找出故障。,36,Supposethepreparatoryworkshouldnotbecompleted.准备工作完成不了，那可怎么办？Thefinancingofthesaleofteninvolvesbillsofexchangeanddocumentarycredits.商品买卖的货款收付情况体现在汇票或跟单信用证中。,37,Sinceairhasweight,itexertsforceonanyobjectimmersedinit.因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任一物体都会受到空气的作用力。AtthetimeofKennedysassassination,Kissingerfeltthatasecondtermwouldhaveledeithertogreatnessordisaster.在肯尼迪遇刺时，基辛格认为假如肯尼迪再任一届总统的话，大概不是立大功就是闯大祸。,38,C.修辞性增补RhetoricalAmplification1）增加语气词Donttakeitseriously.Itsonlyajoke.不要认真嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。Theirhostcarved,poured,server,cutbread,talked,laughed,proposedhealth.他们的主人又是割呀，又是倒呀，又是布菜呀，又是切面包呀，又是谈呀，又是笑呀，又是敬酒呀，忙个不停。Youareonlyyoungonce.Atthetimeitseemsendless,andisgoneinaflash;andthenforalongtimeyouareold.人的一生只能年轻一次，年轻时总觉得时间无限，而失去就在瞬间，而后呢，就要在漫长的岁月中度过晚年。,39,Wethinkwehavefreedourslaves,butwehavenot.Wejustcallthembyadifferentname.我们自以为奴隶已经解放了，实际上并没有。我们不过用一种不同的名字来称呼他们罢了。Headoredthatgirlwhohadjustgoneout.他一心恋着刚走出去的那个女孩。Craftymencondemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.(FrancisBacon)有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，惟明智之士用读书，然而并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。,40,2）增加四字对偶词组或叠词,Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.但我的事那时已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。Themanagerwasanervousanxiouslittleman,alwaysreadytocrywolfiftheshoptakingswentdownapoundortwo.经理是个身材矮小、神经过敏、焦虑不安的人。只要商店营业收入下降一两镑，他就要大喊大叫。,41,Howdoyoutranslatethefollowing?,Eventhemostcomplicatedcomputermanhasyetbuiltcantcompareinintricacy（复杂）withthebrain.Computerswitchesandcomponentsnumberinthethousandsratherthaninthebillions.Whatsmore,thecomputerswitchisjustanon-offdevice,whereasthebraincellisitselfpossessedofatremendouslycomplexstructure.,42,即便人类现今研制出的最复杂的电脑，其复杂程度也无法与人脑相比。电脑的转换器和元件只是成千上万，而不是上百亿、上千亿。更重要的是，电脑的转换器仅是一种开关装置，而人脑细胞本身却有着极其复杂的内部结构。,43,44,TwoTypesofOmission,1.SyntacticOmission句法性减省differencesatbothwordandsentencelevel2.RhetoricalOmission修辞性减省differencesinthewayofexpressing,e.g.:thesourcelanguage-moreindispensable,naturalwhilethetargetlanguagesuperfluous,unnatural,redundant,wordy.,45,Theyhadgroundhimbeneaththeirheel,theyhadtakenthebestofhim,theyhadmurderedhisfather,theyhadbrokenandwreckedhiswife,theyhadcrushedhiswholefamily.他们把他踩在脚下，压得粉碎，他们榨干了他的精髓，害死了他的父亲，摧残了他的妻子，毁灭了他的全家。Heputhishandsintohispocketsandthenshruggedhisshoulders.他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩。Whenthestudentsfinishedallthebookstheyhadbrought,theyopenedthelunchandateit.学生们看完了随身带的书，就打开饭盒吃起来。,46,StructuralOmission：1.冠词省译,1.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳东边升起西边落。2.Thepolicemanaskedthedrivertodescribetheaccidentingreaterdetail.警察要求司机把事故经过讲得更详细些。3.Thelittleboypretendedlikeaman.小男孩假装大人。,47,SyntacticOmission：2.介词省译,1.ThestudentsfromGuangzhouliveathomewhiletheothersliveinthedormitory.广州的同学住家里，其他同学住宿舍。2.Nowcomplaintsareheardinallpartsofthatcountry.该国各地目前怨声载道。3.ThePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.1949年中华人民共和国成立。,48,SyntacticOmission：3.代词省译,人称代词、反身代词、关系代词1.InJapanitisrudetoblowyournoseandasinChina,rudetoleaveyourchopsticksstandingupinabowlofrice.在日本，擤鼻子很不文雅。而在中国，将筷子竖直插在饭碗里是很不恰当的。2.Allthefellowsgatheredaround,stretchingtheirneckslikegeese.所有的小伙子都聚拢来，像鹅一样伸长脖子。,49,3.“Youmustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougoouttoplay,”saidMumtoTom.母亲对汤姆说：“你必须做完家庭作业后，才可以出去玩。4.Howdoatomsarrangethemselvesinsolid?原子在固体中是如何排列的？,50,5.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.他经常聚精会神地工作,往往废寝忘食.6.Ifyouwanttokillasnakeyoumusthititfirstontheheadandifyouwanttocatchabandofrobbersyoumustfirstcatchtheirleader.打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。,51,SyntacticOmission：4.非人称代词“It”的省译,形式主语、形式宾语、时空和天气概念1.Itisonlyshallowpeoplewhojudgebyappearances.只有浅薄的人才以貌取人。2.Hetookituponhimselftopayoffthedebt.他自愿负责还清债务。,52,3.Itwasjustgrowingdark,assheshutthegardengate.她关院子门时，天黑了。4.Itlookslikerain.Youdbettergohomenow.好象要下雨了。你回去吧。,53,SyntacticOmission：5.连词省译,并列连词、从属连词(因果连词、条件连词、时间连词等)1.Helookedgloomyandtroubled.他看上去有些忧郁不安。2.Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗？,54,3.Justliketheever-changingweather,peopleslifeisunpredictable.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。4.Letsthinkofasituationwherethisidiomcanbeused.我们来想一个可以使用这个习语的场合。,55,5.Asitwasalreadyratherdark,wedecidedtostopatthetempleforthenight.天已经很黑了，我们决定在庙里过夜。6.Whenthemassesareofoneheart,everythingbecomeseasy.群众齐心协力了，一切事情就好办了。众人一条心，其力可断金。,56,SyntacticOmission：6.动词省译,1.Whenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.气压低，沸点就低。2.Thirtyyearsago,concernforenvironmentalissueswasrestrictedtosmallgroupsofscientists.三十年前只有少数科学家关注环境问题。,57,3.Therepresentativesofthetwosideshavenowagreedontheproposalsputforwardbythecoordinator.双方代表（已）一致同意协调人的方案。4.Thesedevelopingcountriescovervastterritories,comprisealargepopulationandaboundinnaturalresources.这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。,58,RhetoricOmission：1.原文重复词语或意义的省译,Universitypostgraduateapplicantswhohadworkedatajobwouldreceivepreferenceoverthosewhohadnot.报考大学硕士生的人，有工作经验的优先录取。Thecrowdwaspushingharder.Thoseinthemiddleweresqueezedagainsteachothersotightlytheycouldnotmoveinanydirection.人群越挤越厉害，夹在当中的人被挤得动弹不得。,59,Bacteriacapableofcausingdiseaseareknownaspathogenic,ordisease-producing.能引起疾病的细菌称为致病菌。ThelateMrsAchsonhadpassedtoherMakersomewhereabout1930.亚马逊太太大约是在1930年升天的。,60,“Remember:youarenotanyoldTom,DickorHarrygivinghisopinion.YoureamanwhowaswentasarepresentativeoftheBritishGovernment.”“你要记住，你不是一个普普通通的老百姓，可以随便发表意见。你是英国政府派出的代表。”Itsessentialthatthemechanicortechnicianunderstandswellthecharacteristicsofbatterycircuitsandthepropermethodsforconnectingbatteriesorcells.重要的是，技术人员要深入了解电池电路的特性和连接电池的正确方法。,61,RhetoricOmission：2.不言而喻的词语的省略,Forourpart,wefullyrealizedthattoavoidthepossibilityofanyfurtherceasefireviolations,thetroopsmustbewithdrawn.我们充分认识到，要避免可能再一次违反停火协议，就必须撤军。Couldyouhelpmeinanyway?你能帮帮我吗？Weshouldnevertakeadvantageofsomeonewhoisintrouble.我们不能乘人之危。,62,Theagreementinquestioncallsforyourworkingoutbusinesstotheamountof$500000.该协议书要求你们做成50万美元的业务。Everytimepeoplereachastatusinlife,theyseemtotakeprideinthefactthattheynowhaveasecretary.每当人们上升到一定的地位时，他们似乎以有一名秘书而感到自豪。Therewasnosnow,theleavesweregonefromthetrees,thegrasswasdead.天未下雪，但已叶落草枯。,63,Itisnotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandyourleisurewhenyoucan