Environmental-Protection(环境保护演讲PPT)

TeamfromlandscapearchitectureclassXTeamMembers：,EnvironmentalProtection,Ourtopic,Whatdoyouknowaboutgreenhouseeffect?Globalwarming?Risingsealevels?Theimpactontheearth?,Outline,GreenhouseeffectGlobalwarmingRisingsealevels,Greenhouseeffect,Whatisthegreenhouseeffect?,Onasunnywinterday,youparkyourcarinthesun,lockit,andgocruisethelocalshoppingmallforacoupleofhours.Whenyoucomebacklaterandgetintoyourcar,whatdoyounotice?Istheinteriorofthecarhotorcold?Howdoesthetemperatureinsideofyourcarcomparetothetemperatureoutside?,Ifyouhaveeverbeeninsideofagreenhouse,especiallywhenthesunisout,whathaveyouobserved?Itisdefinitelywarm,andusuallytheairismoist.Agreenhouseiscommonlywarmerthantheoutsideairbecauseagreenhousehastheabilitytotrapheatinsideofit.Thisphenomenoniscalledthegreenhouseeffect.,Greenhouseeffect,Theheatcausedbyinfraredradiationisabsorbedbygreenhousegasessuchaswatervapor,carbondioxide,ozoneandmethane,whichslowsitsescapefromtheatmosphere.Althoughgreenhousegasesmakeuponlyabout1percentoftheEarthsatmosphere,theyregulateourclimatebytrappingheatandholdingitinakindofwarm-airblanketthatsurroundstheplanet.,Lifeontheearthdependsonenergyfromthesun.About30percentofthesunlightthatbeamstowardEarthisdeflectedbytheouteratmosphereandscatteredbackintospace.Therestreachestheplanetssurfaceandisreflectedupwardagainasatypeofslow-movingenergycalledinfraredradiation.,Greenhouseeffect,ThegreenhouseeffectisanaturallyoccurringprocessthataidsinheatingtheEarthssurfaceandatmosphere.Itresultsfromthefactthatcertainatmosphericgases,suchascarbondioxide,watervapor,andmethane,areabletochangetheenergybalanceoftheplanetbyabsorbinglongwaveradiationemittedfromtheEarthssurface.WithoutthegreenhouseeffectlifeonthisplanetwouldprobablynotexistastheaveragetemperatureoftheEarthwouldbeachilly-18Celsius,ratherthanthepresent15Celsius,Greenhouseeffect,HowDoHumansContributetotheGreenhouseEffect?,WhilethegreenhouseeffectisanessentialenvironmentalprerequisiteforlifeonEarth,therereallycanbetoomuchofagoodthing.Theproblemsbeginwhenhumanactivitiesdistortandacceleratethenaturalprocessbycreatingmoregreenhousegasesintheatmospherethanarenecessarytowarmtheplanettoanidealtemperature.,Greenhouseeffect,Burningnaturalgas,coalandoil-includinggasolineforautomobileengines-raisesthelevelofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.,Somefarmingpracticesandland-usechangesincreasethelevelsofmethaneandnitrousoxide.,Greenhouseeffect,Deforestationalsocontributestoglobalwarming.Treesusecarbondioxideandgiveoffoxygeninitsplace,whichhelpstocreatetheoptimalbalanceofgasesintheatmosphere.Asmoreforestsareloggedfortimberorcutdowntomakewayforfarming,however,therearefewertreestoperformthiscriticalfunction.,Manyfactoriesproducelong-lastingindustrialgasesthatdonotoccurnaturally,yetcontributesignificantlytotheenhancedgreenhouseeffectandglobalwarmingthatiscurrentlyunderway.,Greenhouseeffect,Ultimately,moregreenhousegasesmeansmoreinfraredradiationtrappedandheld,whichgraduallyincreasesthetemperatureoftheEarthssurfaceandtheairintheloweratmosphere.,Populationgrowthisanotherfactoringlobalwarming,becauseasmorepeopleusefossilfuelsforheat,transportationandmanufacturingthelevelofgreenhousegasescontinuestoincrease.Asmorefarmingoccurstofeedmillionsofnewpeople,moregreenhousegasesentertheatmosphere,Globalwarming,Whatistheglobalwarming?,GlobalwarmingisthecontinuingriseintheaveragetemperatureofEarthsatmosphereandoceans.,Globalwarming,Whatistheimpactofglobalwarming?,SuchanunusuallyrapidrateofchangewouldaffectfundamentalEarthsystemsuponwhichourverylivesdepend(R)Cincludingoceancirculationandthehydrological,carbonandnutrientcycles.Itwoulddisruptthenaturalandmanagedecosystemsthatprovideuswithwater,foodandfiber.Itwouldaddtoexistingenvironmentalstressessuchasdesertification,decliningwaterquality,stratosphericozonedepletion,urbanairpollutionanddeforestation._”Howwillglobalwarmingaffectourworld”(thebookletofPICC),Reference:http:/www.ipcc.ch/,Globalwarming,1.SpreadofdiseaseAsnortherncountrieswarm,diseasecarryinginsectsmigratenorth,bringingplagueanddiseasewiththem.Indeedsomescientistsbelievethatinsomecountries,thankstoglobalwarming,malariahasnotbeenfullyeradicated.,2.Increasedprobabilityandintensityofdroughtsandheatwaves,Globalwarming,3.PolaricecapsmeltingTheicecapsmeltingisafour-prongeddanger.(theleftsidepicture),4.Morefloods(therightsidepicture)Floodingrepresentsoneofthemostdangeroushazardstohumansettlementsandisoneofthemostpotentiallymomentousimpactsofglobalwarming.,Globalwarming,5.Desertification,6.TsunamisAlthoughglobalwarmingdoesnotdirectlyinfluencetheformationoftsunamis,theycanbegeneratedbyeventsthatarebroughtaboutbyanamplificationoftheplanetstemperature.,Globalwarming,7.ColdWavesMorethan150peoplelosttheirlivesduringthe2009to2010winterafterrecordlowtemperaturesandabundantsnowfallcauseddisruptiontomuchofEuropewhichdoesnttakeintoaccountthemanythousandsmoreexcesswinterdeathsthatwerecausedindirectly.ItwastheUKscoldestwinterforthreedecades.,8.IncreasedvolcanicactivityMeltingglaciationscanusherinnew,morefrequentandmoredangerousepisodesofvolcanicactivity.,Globalwarming,9.LossofbiodiversityandanimalextinctionLossofhabitatforpolar-iceedgecommunitiessuchaspolarbearsisperhapsthemostobviousconsequenceofhavingawarmerclimate.,10.Deathofoceanlife,Globalwarming,11.Warmerwatersandmorehurricanes,12.EconomicconsequencesMostoftheeffectsofanthropogenicglobalwarmingwontbegood.Andtheseeffectsspellonethingforthecountriesoftheworld:economicconsequences.Hurricanescausebillionsofdollarsindamage,diseasescostmoneytotreatandcontrolandconflictsexacerbateallofthese,Globalwarming,13.FiresandwildfiresAstheplanetcontinuestowarm,dryareasoflandthatarealreadysusceptibletowildfiresarelikelytoberavagedbyevenmorefrequentanddestructiveepisodes.In2007,morethan3,000firesbroughtdestructiontoSoutheasternEuropethankstoalongsummerthatcreatedaridandparchedconditionsasituationthatwouldbecomenormalasaconsequenceofthegreenhouseeffect.,14.Destructivestormswarmeroceansmakeformoreextremeweatherincludingdevastatingstorms.,Globalwarming,15.DeathbysmogApowerfulcombinationofvehicularfumes,ground-levelozone,airborneindustrialpollutionandthestagnanthotairassociatedwithheatwaves,smogrepresentsanimmediateandchronichealththreattothoselivinginbuilt-upurbanareas.,16.MoredangerousthunderstormsAconsequenceoftheincreasedamountsofhumidairgeneratedbyglobalwarmingisthatmorethunderstormswillbetriggered.,Globalwarming,17.AnimalattacksAnimalsthataredrivenfromtheirnaturalhabitatsornormalmigrationroutesbyenvironmentalfactorscouldeasilycomeintocontactwithhumansettlements,leadingtomanydeathsamonghumansandalreadyendangeredanimals.,18.Diminishedfoodandwatersupplies,Risingsealevels,Whatistherisingsealevels?,RisingSeaLevelsisaglobalsealevelsrisingphenomenoncausedbythetemperatureeffectontheoceans,themeltingoficesheetsandglaciers,andchangesingroundwaterstorage.,Risingsealevels,TheimpactofclimatechangeontheAntarcticPeninsulaisevidentinnewsatellitedata,USresearcherssay.ThecollapseoftheLarsenBiceshelfhasacceleratedtheflowofglaciersintothenearbyWeddellSeain2002.TheAntarcticPeninsulahasseensomeofthefastesttemperaturerisesonEarthinthelastfivedecades.ThescientistsusedavarietyofdatafromsatellitestotrackthespeedoftheglaciersbeforeandafterthecollapseofLarsenB.Inonestudy,TedScambosoftheNationalSnowandIceDataCenterinBoulder,US,analysedfiveimagestakenbytheLandsat7satellitebetweenJanuary2000andFebruary2003.TheanalysisrevealsthatfourglaciersflowingintothenowcollapsedsectionofLarsenBincreasedinspeedbybetweentwoandsixtimesoverthestudyperiod.IfanyonewaswaitingtofindoutwhetherAntarcticawouldrespondquicklytoclimatewarming,Ithinktheanswerisyes,saidDrScambos.,Risingsealevels,Thesecondreport,byEricRignotoftheUSspaceagencysJetPropulsionLaboratoryinPasadena,US,showedaneightfoldincreaseinthespeedofthreeglaciers,calledHektoria,GreenandEvans,between2000and2003.Twoothers,JorumandCrane,movedtwiceasquicklyatthebeginningof2003thantheydidin2000andnearlythreetimesasfastbytheendoftheyear.Thesetwopapersclearlyillustrate,forthefirsttime,therelationshipbetweeniceshelfcollapsescausedbyclimatewarming,andacceleratedglacierflow,saidDrRignot.Theextraicepresumablytranslatesintohighersealevel.Buthowmuchthisisraisingtheleveloftheoceansisntknown.,Risingsealevels,Theinfluenceofrisingsealevelsisveryserious,sealevelsrisingtotheharmofhumanenvironmentisshownas:thecoastallandareaofnarrow,furnitureofcoastalerosion,floodandfloodingcausedbytown,saltwaterintrusionandsoon.Aboutclimatechangereportfoundthatby2100thesealevelcouldrise1morhigher,atleastnotlessthan50centimeters.About10%oftheworldspopulation(600million)inafloodedthedangerevenifitisthelowestwaterlevelrises.,Risingsealevels,Forexample,Accordingtothedevelopmenttrendandthesealevelrosesharply,theIndianOceanandthemaldivesinthePacificislandcountriesTuWaLuetcwillbesubmerged,Calcutta,dhakaandothercoastalcitieswillbedestroyed.CityofLondon,NewYork,andShanghaiwillbeforcedtocostbillionsof