The_Tragedy_of_Hamlet,_Prince_of_Denmark(英国文学史).ppt

(15641616),WilliamShakespeare,HewasbornatTownofStratford(斯特拉特福德)uponAvon(埃文河)inWarwickshire(沃里克郡)intheruralheartlandofEngland,onApril23rd,1564.Attheageof7,hebegantolearnaboutLatinandalittleFranceatalocalprimaryschool,anddroppedoutwhenhewas15.ThenhewenttoLondon7yearslaterInLondon,heworkedinatheatre,andbecameanactorandplaywright.Fromabout1591to1611Shakespearewasintheprimeofhisdramaticcareerandhisplayscameoutoneafteranother.HewasdiedonApr.23,1616,thesamedaywithhisbirth-day.AndwasburriedbesideHolyTrinityChurch(圣三一教堂)inStratford.,WilliamShakespeareisoneofthemostremarkableplaywrightsandpoets.Withhis38plays,154sonnetsand2longpoems,hehasestablishedhisgiantpositioninworldliterature.Inthepast400yearsorso,booksandessaysonShakespeareandhisworkshavekeptcomingoutinlargequantities.,TheTragedyofHamlet,PrinceofDenmark,WilliamShakespeare,Type:RevengeTragedyRomanticTragedyFirstpresented:1602,Hamlet-ThePrinceofDenmark,thetitlecharacter,andtheprotagonist.Aboutthirtyyearsoldatthestartoftheplay,HamletisthesonofQueenGertrudeandthelateKingHamlet,andthenephewofthepresentking,Claudius.Hamletismelancholy,bitter,andcynical,fullofhatredforhisunclesscheminganddisgustforhismotherssexuality.AreflectiveandthoughtfulyoungmanwhohasstudiedattheUniversityofWittenberg,Hamletisoftenindecisiveandhesitant,butatothertimespronetorashandimpulsiveacts.,Claudius-TheKingofDenmark,Hamletsuncle,andtheplaysantagonist.Thevillainoftheplay,Claudiusisacalculating,ambitiouspolitician,drivenbyhissexualappetitesandhislustforpower,butheoccasionallyshowssignsofguiltandhumanfeelinghisloveforGertrude,forinstance,seemssincere.,哈姆雷特PrinceHamlet丹麦王子。为父王的鬼魂所困扰，要对杀父凶手复仇。经历了痛苦的挣扎之后他达成了目的，整个王宫也陷入了死亡的恐怖之中。他最后也中了致命的毒剑死去。,克劳迪斯Claudius丹麦现任国王。他是哈姆雷特的叔父，在哥哥死后继任了王位。老国王的鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特，他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得，最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。,TheGhost-ThespecterofHamletsrecentlydeceasedfather.Theghost,whoclaimstohavebeenmurderedbyClaudius,callsuponHamlettoavengehim.However,itisnotentirelycertainwhethertheghostiswhatitappearstobe,orwhetheritissomethingelse.Hamletspeculatesthattheghostmightbeadevilsenttodeceivehimandtempthimintomurder,andthequestionofwhattheghostisorwhereitcomesfromisneverdefinitivelyresolved.鬼魂KingHamlet(Ghost)哈姆雷特的父亲死后化成的鬼魂。他被弟弟毒死时，哈姆雷特正在国外。,Ophelia-Poloniussdaughter,abeautifulyoungwomanwithwhomHamlethasbeeninlove.Opheliaisasweetandinnocentyounggirl,whoobeysherfatherandherbrother,Laertes.Dependentonmentotellherhowtobehave,shegivesintoPoloniussschemestospyonHamlet.Eveninherlapseintomadnessanddeath,sheremainsmaidenly,singingsongsaboutflowersandfinallydrowningintheriveramidtheflowergarlandsshehadgathered.欧菲莉Ophelia波洛涅斯的女儿。她与哈姆雷特双双陷入爱河，但种种阻力警告王子，政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分，她被他无情抛弃，加上父亲的死让她陷入精神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。,Mother,Uncle,Hamlet,KingofDenmark,isdeadandhasbeensucceeded,notbyhisson,Hamlet,butbyhisbrother,Claudius.Soonafterthefuneral,Claudiusmarrieshisbrotherswidow,QueenGertrude.TheoldkingsghostappearstotellhimthathewasmurderedbyClaudius.TheGhostaskshissontorevengehisdeath.Hamletfeignsmadness.AcompanyoftravellingplayersarrivesattheDanishCourt.Hamletasksthemtoperformaplay.Fromtheplay,Hamletssuspicionsareconfirmed.Aftertheplay,HamletissummonedtohismotherschamberandaccidentallykillsPolonius,whomhesupposedwasClaudius,hidingbehindacurtain.ClaudiussendsHamlettoEngland,planningtohavehimmurdered.Laertes,Poloniusson,returnstoDenmarkfromFrancedemandingrevengeforhisfathersdeath.Ophelia,maddenedbygrief,drownsherself.HamletreturnsfromEnglandandconfrontsLaertesandClaudiusatOpheliasfuneral.ClaudiusplotswithLaertestokillHamletinafencingmatchinwhichLaerteswillhaveapoisonedsword.TheplotmiscarriesandLaertesdies.GertrudedrinksfromapoisonedcupintendedforHamletanddies.Hamlet,woundedbythepoisonedsword,killsClaudiusbeforehe,dies.,ThereareathousandHamletsinathousandpeopleseyes.,Hamletistheprotagonistoftheplayandisportrayedasaveryemotionalsoul,adaring,bravecharacterwhohasabadandviolenttemper.AlmostallreadersandviewerscomeawayfromHamletlikingtheprinceverymuch.Heisathinker,andheisfunny.Weseeintohisownmind,anddiscoverhimtobegenuineandsincere.Hamlet-amanwithwisdomandcourage.Inordertorevengeonhisuncleforkillinghisfather,hepretentedtobemadandsufferedaseriesofmisery.Onthecontrary,wecanalsosaythatHamletisrudeandselfishforhedidnotthinktwicebeforehisrevenge.ifacountryhasnoking,howcanacountrykeepalive.,Tobe,ornottobe-thatisthequestion:WhethertisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortuneOrtotakearmsagainstaseaoftroublesAndbyopposingendthem.Todie-tosleep-Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheartacheandthetho