跨文化交际 Unit4（课堂PPT）

Activity1:Inviting,WhenspousesshouldbeincludedininvitationsdifferbetweenChinaandWest.,1,Generallyspeakingforanymealtakingplaceintheevening,rangingfromthosegivenatsomeoneshomethroughtodiningouttogetherorattendingformalbanquets,bothhusbandandwifewillbeincluded.一般来说，请客都是吃晚饭，形式很多种，家庭邀请，或是一起去外面吃饭，抑或参加正式的宴会。而且，被邀请的都是夫妻双方。,Whataboutmid-daymeals?,2,Thisisnotexpectedinthecaseofmid-daymeals,probablybecausecouplesoftenworkindifferentplacesandsomejobsinvolvetakingaworkinglunchwithclientsorcolleagues.吃午饭时，被邀请的一般不会是夫妻双方，因为夫妻双方大部分不是在同一个地方工作，并且，有些工作会提供工作餐，可以和同事同僚们共享。,3,InChina,itisquitecommonforonlythehusbandorwifetobeinvitedtoameal,eitherinworkunitsorbetweenfriends,andneitherhusbandorwifewillfeeloffendedifoneofthemisnotinvited.在中国，被邀请的只是夫妻中的一方，不论他们是否在同一个工作单位，而且，夫妻双方不会因为某一方未被邀请而感到有所冒犯。,4,Activity2:Footingthebill,早在15世纪，人们便开始使用“footthebill”这个短语，但当时指的是把所有的帐目加起来算出总金额，然后写在帐单的底部（footofbilloraccount），foot的意思相当于bottom。很显然，这是店家的工作，没消费者什么事。但是到了19世纪，则轮到消费者footthebill了，因为这个短语已经变成了“付帐，买单”的意思。这种用法一直沿用到现在。,5,1.Culturalcustom,2.Culturalcustom,3.Idiom,Hotelguestscanpaymealsby_.,signingthebill,Theysignthebillatthe_or_.,bottom,thefoot,Tofootthebillmeans_.,topayforsomething,6,Diningoutwithfriends,sharethecost,equalitybetweenfriends,shouldreturnfavour,7,1.goDutch,Sharethecostofthemealequallybetweenfriends.,2.pooltheirmoney,Puttogethertherightamountofmoneytopaybill.,3.pickthebill,Grabthebilltopay.,4.buyhisround,Askeveryonewhattheywouldlikeandthengotothebartogetthedrinks.,8,Activity3:GiftsGivingVariesAmongDifferentCultures,1.China,2.,America,9,China,10,Remember:Generally,therecipientmaygraciouslyrefusethepresentwhenfirstoffered.Iftherecipientdidnotopenyourgift,itdoesnotmeanthatheorsheisnotinterestedinit.Youhadbettermakeyourgiftselectedfromalocalstore.,11,ChineseNewYearMoneymaybegiveninaredenvelope.Itisusuallyevenamount,usinganevennumberofnewbills.,12,Thegiftisofferedusingbothhandsandmustbegift-wrapped.,13,Officialbusinesspolicyconsidersgiftsasbribes,whichareillegal.+Sayyouregivingthegiftonbehalfofyourcompanyandwanthimtoacceptitonbehalfofhiscompany.+Typicallyonepersonisnotsingledouttoreceiveaspecialgift,especiallyinfrontofagroup.+Displayyourcompanylogoonthegift.+Avoidgivinghighlyexpensivegifts.,14,Besuretoavoid:GivingclocksasgiftsColorssuchaswhiteorblackNumberfourSharpobjectssuchasknives,letteropeners,orscissorsGivinggiftsinoddnumbersDonotbragaboutyourgiftinfrontoftherecipient.Afinewritingpenwouldbeagoodgift,unlessithasredink.,15,America,16,Smallgiftssuchaspens,businessdiaries,andmementoswithcompanylogosareusuallysufficient.,17,Giftsarenormallyopenedwhenreceived.,18,Whenvisitingthehome,itisnormallyappropriatetopresentagifttothehostess.,19,Agiftcanbesomethingsmallbutelaborateforapersonwithwhomyouareclose.,20,Itisimportanttoavoidhighlypersonalgifts.,21,Conclusions:1.Doalittleresearchonthecustoms.2.Createapersonalreferencebook.3.Calltheforeignembassiestogetspecificanswerstoyourquestions.,22,Activity4:,Hospitality,23,Chineseneveracceptofferofdrinksorfood;westernersdonotpresstheirgueststodrinkoreat.InChina,ifaguestisinvitedtoahome,thehostwillnormallyservetheguestwithsomehottea,andoftenwhenthehostismakingtea,theguestwillaskthehostnottobothertodoso.Evensothehostwillprovideteafortheguest.Thebehaviourofthehostinactivelyofferingandtheguestinaskingthehostnottobotherhavebecomeconventionalandhabitual,andareunderstoodasshowingpolitenessandcourtesy.在中国，如果被邀请去朋友家吃饭，主人回味客人提供热茶，更有意思的是，每当主人在泡茶时，客人都会很客气地说，“多麻烦呀”，尽管如此，主人还是会端茶给客人。在中国，这种方式已经被认可，而且是一种礼貌的表现。,24,Topresspeopletohavefoodordrinkaftertheyhaverefusedisfrowneduponandcancauseembarrassment.However,mostvisitorswillnotrefuseacupoftea,partlybecausemostBritishpeopleenjoyitsomuch,butalsobecausesharingteatogethermakesthegatheringmoreconvivial.*Idiomsabouttea:(1)notforalltheteainChina:undernocircumstances(2)notmycupoftea:notwhatIlikeornotwhatIamsuitedfor(3)astorminateacup:makingafussaboutsomethingunimportant,25,ToomodestWeChineseusuallysaynowhensomebodyofferssomething,becausesometimesanofferisnotarealofferbutapoliteremark.Afterwesayno,weusuallywaitforthesecondorthirdofferbeforeweacceptit,butthatneverhappensinaforeignershome.Ifthehostjustbringsthefoodordrinkandignoresourno,wewillacceptit.,26,Activity4:Compliments,Complimentsarepositiveexpressionsorevaluation,whicharedirectedeitherexplicitlyorimplicitlytosomeoneforsomethingvaluedpositivelybythespeakerandthehearer,andeventhewholespeechcommunity.,27,ComplimentsarerichinbothEnglishandChinese.However,affectedbyculturaldifferences,socialstatus,gender,age,etc.,therearemanydifferencesofcomplimentanditsresponsebetweenEnglishandChinese.,28,ComplimentinEnglishtendstoseekagreementandmaintainanequalandconsistentrelationship,whileitinChinesetendstoexpressrespectandconcernaboutothers.,DifferentSituations,29,Eg：Thereisaguesthavingasupperinothershome.Afterthesupper,theguestonthebackgroundofEnglishoftensaystothehost:“Ienjoyedmyselfverymuch”.However,onthebackgroundofChinese,thecomplimentisoftenreplacedbyanapology,suchas“itislaboriousforyoutodosomanydishes”.,30,DifferentResponseStrategy,ResponseStrategyinChinese:“Problem+CommentStrategy”,whichisnotexistentinEnglish.“DisagreementStrategy”Eg.NalinaliNotaswonderfulasyourperformance.,31,ResponseStrategyinEnglish,AppreciationTokenStrategyjustlike“thankyou”,whichtakesup29.38%ofthewholeresponse.“DisagreementStrategy”notasmuchusedasinChinese,32,Chineselikesakindofindirectwaysofrefusingrequests.Theytendtoavoiddirectconflictsandlosingfacewhenconfrontedwithaproblemorrefusingarequest.LiketheChinese,peopleintheEnglish-speakingcountri