从修辞角度分析I have a dream（课堂PPT）

IHaveADream,-MartinLutherKing,Jr.小组成员：李涧元宋云秋许莉莉韩小月陶丽香,1,2,IntroductionoffiguresAnalysisofspeechSummary1).Choiceofwords2).Sentencestructure3).Figuresofspeech,2,2020/5/19,Introductionoffigures,simile明喻metaphor暗喻pun双关personification拟人hyperbole夸张metonymy借代、转喻onomatcpocia拟声irony讽刺climax层递parallelism排比,allusion典故periodicsentence圆周句antonomasia换称synesthesia通感alliteration头韵repetition重复antithesis对照synecdoche提喻anaphora首语反复,3,2020/5/19,rhetoricalquestion修辞性问句：Thequestioneralreadyhaveananswerintheheart.oxymoron矛盾修饰法：Itisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoining(结合)oftwocontrasting,contradictoryorincongruous(不协调)termsasinbitter-sweetmemories,orderlychaos(混乱)andproudhumility(侮辱).transferredEpithets移就：Itisafigureofspeechwhereanepithet(anadjectiveordescriptivephrase)istransferredfromthenounitshouldrightlymodify(修饰)toanothertowhichitdoesnotreallyapplyorbelong.,4,2020/5/19,Analysisofspeech,Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,inwhosesymbolicshadowwestandtoday,signedtheEmancipationProclamation.（Allusion典故、PeriodicSentence圆周句）Thismomentousdecree(Antonomasia换称)cameasagreatbeaconlightofhope（Simile明喻）tomillionsofNegroslaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice（Metaphor暗喻）.Itcameasajoyousdaybreak（TransferredEpithets移就）toendthelongnightofbadcaptivity（Simile明喻）.,5,2020/5/19,Butonehundredyearslater（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）,theNegrostillisnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity（Oxymoron矛盾修饰法、Metonymy转喻、TransferredEpithets移就）.Onehundredyearslater,theNegroisstilllanguishedinthecornersofAmericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.Sowevecomeheretodaytodramatizeashamefulcondition.,6,2020/5/19,Inasensewevecometoournationscapitaltocashacheck（Metaphor暗喻）.WhenthearchitectsofourrepublicwrotethemagnificentwordsoftheConstitutionandtheDeclarationofIndependence,theyweresigningapromissorynotetowhicheveryAmericanwastofallheir.Thisnotewasapromisethatallmen,yes,blackmenaswellaswhitemen,wouldbeguaranteedtheunalienableRightsofLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.,7,2020/5/19,ItisobvioustodaythatAmericahasdefaultedonthispromissorynote,insofarashercitizensofcolorareconcerned.Insteadofhonoringthissacredobligation,AmericahasgiventheNegropeopleabadcheck,acheckwhichhascomebackmarkedinsufficientfunds.（Metaphor暗喻）Butwerefusetobelievethat（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）thebankofjusticeisbankrupt.Werefusetobelievethatthereareinsufficientfundsinthegreatvaultsofopportunityofthisnation.Andso,wevecometocashthischeck（Metaphor暗喻）,acheckthatwillgiveusupondemandtherichesoffreedomandthesecurityofjustice.,8,2020/5/19,WehavealsocometothishallowedspottoremindAmericaofthefierceurgencyofNow.Thisisnotimetoengageintheluxuryofcoolingoffortotakethetranquilizingdrugofgradualism.Nowisthetimeto（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）makerealthepromisesofdemocracy.Nowisthetimetorisefromthedarkanddesolatevalleyofsegregationtothesunlitpathofracialjustice（Antithesis对照）.Nowisthetimetoliftournationfromthequicksandsofracialinjustice（Antithesis对照）tothesolidrockofbrotherhood.NowisthetimetomakejusticearealityforallofGodschildren.,9,2020/5/19,Itwouldbefatalforthenationtooverlooktheurgencyofthemoment.ThisswelteringsummeroftheNegroslegitimatediscontent（Antithesis对照）willnotpassuntilthereisaninvigoratingautumnoffreedomandequality.Nineteensixty-threeisnotanend,butabeginning.AndthosewhohopethattheNegroneededtoblowoffsteamandwillnowbecontentwillhavearudeawakeningifthenationreturnstobusinessasusual.AndtherewillbeneitherrestnortranquilityinAmericauntiltheNegroisgrantedhiscitizenshiprights.Thewhirlwindsofrevoltwillcontinuetoshakethefoundationsofournationuntilthebrightdayofjusticeemerges.,10,2020/5/19,ButthereissomethingthatImustsaytomypeople,whostandonthewarmthreshold（synecdoche通感）whichleadsintothepalaceofjustice:Intheprocessofgainingourrightfulplace,wemustnotbeguiltyofwrongfuldeeds.Letusnotseektosatisfyourthirstforfreedombydrinkingfromthecupofbitternessandhatred（hyperbole夸张）.Wemustforeverconductourstruggleonthehighplaneofdignityanddiscipline.Wemustnotallowourcreativeprotesttodegenerateintophysicalviolence.Againandagain,wemustrisetothemajesticheightsofmeetingphysicalforcewithsoulforce.,11,2020/5/19,ThemarvelousnewmilitancywhichhasengulfedtheNegrocommunitymustnotleadustoadistrustofallwhitepeople,formanyofourwhitebrothers,asevidencedbytheirpresenceheretoday,havecometorealizethattheirdestinyistiedupwithourdestiny.Andtheyhavecometorealizethattheirfreedomisinextricablyboundtoourfreedom.,12,2020/5/19,Wecannotwalkalone（shortsentence）.Andaswewalk,wemustmakethepledgethatweshallalwaysmarchahead.Wecannotturnback（shortsentence）.Therearethosewhoareaskingthedevoteesofcivilrights,Whenwillyoubesatisfied?WecanneverbesatisfiedaslongastheNegroisthevictimoftheunspeakablehorrorsofpolicebrutality（rhetoricalquestion修辞性问句）.Wecanneverbesatisfied（anaphora首语反复）aslongasourbodies,heavywiththefatigueoftravel,cannotgainlodginginthemotelsofthehighwaysandthehotelsofthecities.WecannotbesatisfiedaslongasaNegroinMississippicannotvoteandaNegroinNewYorkbelieveshehasnothingforwhichtovote.No,no,wearenotsatisfied,andwewillnotbesatisfieduntiljusticerollsdownlikewaters,andrighteousnesslikeamightystream（simile）.,13,2020/5/19,Iamnotunmindfulthatsomeofyouhavecomehereoutofgreattrialsandtribulations(alliteration头韵).Someofyouhavecomefreshfromnarrowjailcells.Someofyouhavecomefromareaswhereyourquestforfreedomleftyoubatteredbythestormsofpersecutionandstaggeredbythewindsofpolicebrutality.Youhavebeentheveteransofcreativesuffering.（irony反语）Continuetoworkwiththefaiththatunearnedsufferingisredemptive.,14,2020/5/19,GobacktoMississippi,gobacktoAlabama,gobacktoSouthCarolina,gobacktoGeorgia,gobacktoLouisiana,gobacktotheslumsandghettosofournortherncities,（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）knowingthatsomehowthissituationcanandwillbechanged.Letusnotwallowinthevalleyofdespair.Isaytoyoutoday,myfriends,soeventhoughwefacethedifficultiesoftodayandtomorrow,Istillhaveadream.ItisadreamdeeplyrootedintheAmericandream.,15,2020/5/19,Ihaveadreamthatoneday（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）thisnationwillriseup,liveuptothetruemeaningofitscreed:“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident;thatallmenarecreatedequal.”IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslave-ownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourchildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloriftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.,16,2020/5/19,Ihaveadreamtoday.（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）Ihaveadreamthatoneday（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）downinAlabamawithitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewords(synecdoche提喻）ofinterpositionandnullification,onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.Ihaveadreamtoday.Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,everyhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight,andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealed,andallfleshshallseeittogether(synecdoche提喻).,17,2020/5/19,Thisisourhope.ThisisthefaiththatIgobacktotheSouthwith.Withthisfaithwewillbeableto(climax层递)hewoutofthemountainofdespairastoneofhope.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletotransformthejanglingdiscordsofournationintoabeautifulsymphonyofbrotherhood.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,togotojailtogether,tostandupforfreedomtogether,knowingthatwewillbefreeoneday（Epiphora尾语反复）.ThiswillbethedaywhenallofGodschildrenwillbeabletosingwithnewmeaning.Mycountry,tisofthee,Sweetlandofliberty,OftheeIsing:Landwheremyfathersdied,Landofthepilgrimspride,FromeverymountainsideLetfreedomring.,18,2020/5/19,AndifAmericaistobeagreatnationthismustbecometrue.Soletfreedomring(personification拟人、Repetition重复、parallelism排比)fromtheprodigioushilltopsofNewHampshire.LetfreedomringfromthemightymountainsofNewYork!LetfreedomringfromtheheighteningAllegheniesofPennsylvania!LetfreedomringfromthesnowcappedRockiesofColorado!LetfreedomringfromthecurvaceousslopsofCalifornia!Butnotonlythat;letfreedomringfromStoneMountainofGeorgia!LetfreedomringfromLookoutMountainofTennessee!LetfreedomringfromeveryhillandmolehillofMississippi!Fromeverymountainside,letfreedom