美国黑人民权运动（课堂PPT）

Howcanwecallthoseblackpeople,Black,AfricanAmerican,1,黑人牙膏Darkie,In1985,anAmericancompanyboughtthistoothpastecompanyandchangeditsname.,Darlie,disrespectful,2,African-AmericanCivilRightsMovement,3,Outline,1.Briefintroduction2.Backgroundinformation3.Majorevents4.Influence,4,Whatiscivilrightsmovement,ThecivilrightsmovementwasamasspopularmovementtosecureforAfricanAmericansequalaccesstoandopportunitiesforthebasicprivilegesandrightsofU.S.citizenship.Thecivilrightsmovementwasthelargestsocialmovementofthe20thcenturyintheUnitedStates.Itinfluencedthemodernwomensrightsmovementandthestudentmovementofthe1960s.,5,Althoughtherootsofthemovementgobacktothe19thcentury,itpeakedinthe1950sand1960s.AfricanAmericanmenandwomen,alongwithwhites,organizedandledthemovementatnationalandlocallevels.Theypursuedtheirgoalsthroughlegalmeans,negotiations,petitions,andnonviolentprotestdemonstrations.,6,2.Historicalbackground,Earlyinitshistory,blackAfricanswerebroughttoAmericaasslaves.Theywereboughtandsold,likeanimals.,7,Nearly100yearsaftertheEmancipationProclamation,AfricanAmericansinSouthernstatesstillinhabitedastarklyunequalworldofdisenfranchisement,segregationandvariousformsofoppression,includingrace-inspiredviolence.JimCrowlaws(美国针对黑人实施的种族隔离法案)atthelocalandstatelevelsbarredthemfromclassroomsandbathrooms,fromtheatersandtraincars,fromjuriesandlegislatures.,8,Education,Forevery$150.000spentonwhitechildrenatthewhiteschoolsonly$50.000wasspentonAfricanAmericanchildrenattheblackschools.TheparentsoftheAfricanAmericanchildrenthoughtthattheirschoolwasnottreatedasfairlybecausetheywerecolored.Theydidnothavethemostcurrenttextbooks,notenoughschoolsupplies,andovercrowdedclassrooms.,9,BlackelementaryschoolWhiteelementaryschool,10,3.Majorevents,11,BrownDecision-SeparationIsInherentlyIllegalThe1954U.S.SupremeCourtdecisionBrownv.BoardofEducationofTopeka,Kansasusheredinanewerainthestruggleforcivilrights.Thislandmarkdecisionoutlawedracialsegregationinpublicschools.,1954,12,OnDecember1,1955RosaParksrefusedtogiveupherseatforawhitepassenger.arresteddemandamorehumanebustransportationsystemlastedformorethanayear,1955,13,14,15,Sit-insInFebruary1960,fourAfricanAmericanstudentssatdownatasegregatedlunchcounterinalocalstoreinGreensboro,NorthCarolina.Theyrefusedtoleaveuntiltheywereserved.,1960,16,1961,Inthespringof1961,civilrightsactivistsvolunteeredas“FreedomRiders”toridebusesintosegregatedterminalsthroughouttheSouth.InMaybusloadsofFreedomRiderswereattackedbymobsintheAlabamacitiesofAnnistonandBirmingham.,17,18,1963,TheMarchonWashingtonwasorganizedbyagroupofcivilrights,labor,andreligiousorganizationsunderthethemejobs,andfreedom.Estimatesofthenumberofparticipantsvariedfrom200,000(police)toover300,000(leadersofthemarch).About80%ofthemarcherswereAfricanAmericansandtherestwerewhiteandotherethnicgroups.ThemarchbeganattheWashingtonMonumentandendedattheLincolnMemorialwithaprogramofmusicandspeakers.,19,20,1964,Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.deliveredIHaveaDreamspeechtohundredsofthousandsattheMarchonWashington.,21,Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday,22,MeaningfulcivilrightslawsAmassivefederalworksprogramFullandfairemploymentDecenthousingTherighttovoteAdequateintegratededucation,sixofficialgoals:,23,Dr.MartinLutherKing,JreventuallybecametheleaderoftheCivilRightsMovement.,24,25,1964,CongresspassedCivilRightsActdeclaringdiscriminationbasedonraceillegalafter75-daylongargument.,26,1965,ThepassageoftheVotingRightsActof1965helpedpavethewayformoreAfricanAmericanstovote.TheVotingRightsActof1965alsohelpedotherminorities.ItsetasideaNewYorkstatelawrequiringvoterstobeabletoreadEnglish,enablingsuchgroupsasPuertoRicansandMexicanAmericanstovote.,27,28,EdwardBrooke,electedfirstblackU.S.senatorin85years.,1966,29,1968,OnApril4,1968Dr.MartinLutherKing,Jr.,wasassassinatedbyasniperashestoodonthebalconyofhishotelroominMemphis,TN.HewastheretosupporttheAfricanAmericansanitationworkers.HewasplanninganationalpoorpeoplescampaigntopromoteeconomicgainsforAfricanAmericansandpoorpeople.,30,LaterDevelopment,1973-MaynardJackson,firstblackelectedmayorofamajorSouthernU.S.city.1975-VotingRightsActextended.1988-CongresspassesCivilRightsRestorationActoverPresidentReagansveto.1989-L.DouglasWilder(Virginia)becomesfirstblackelectedgovernor.,31,1991-CivilrightsmuseumopensatKingassassinationsiteinMemphis.,32,2009-BarackObamatooktheofficeofwhitehousein2009,33,Influence,ReconstructionoftheImageandConfidenceofAfricanAmericansImpactontheOtherDisadvantagedGroupsStrongFaithinEquityMoreStableAmericanSociety,34,TheCivilRightsMovementitselfwastheprocessoftheAfricanAmericansfindingtheirownvalues,increasingself-awareness,improvingthesocialstatus.ItpointedouttoAfricanAmericansthattheyshouldbeequalwithanyoneelsebothonspiritandmental,andtheyshouldhavetherightsofbeingequalinspirit.“Whatisyourblood?”“IamaAfricanAmerican.”“IamproudofbeinganAfricanAmerican.”,4.1,35,4.2,Women,Hispanics,andNativeAmericans-foundnewhopeintheAfricanAmericansstruggleandformedmovementsoftheirown.Becauseofcivilrightsstruggle,manyAmericansbegantoquestionthestatusofAmericansocietyandthepoliciesofthegovernment.UndertheinfluenceoftheAfricanAmericans,thesedisadvantagedgroupsstrugglemadegreatimprovement.,36,4.3,UnderthepromotionofAfricanAmericanCivilRightsMovement,theconceptofequalityenjoyedpopularandtheoppressedAmericansfoughttogether,formingthemassivesocialmovementinthelatesixtiesearlyseventies.OnDecember,5th,2008,AmericansfinallywelcometheirfirstAfricanAmer