英语句子成分及基本结构.ppt

英语句子成分及基本结构,（一）句子成分的定义,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语。,（二）句子的具体成分,1)主语(subject)它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是一句的主体，一般位于句首。如IstudyEnglish(我学习英语)中的。,I,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词,（句子）,找出句中主语,Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语(predicate),谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。如IstudyEnglish中的。动词或动词词组在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。,study,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing,表语(predicative),3)表语(predicative)它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身分或特征的，如Iamastudent(我是一个学生)中的；Ourclassroomisclean(我们的教室很干净)中的。,student,clean,系动词,1）状态系动词（be动词）例如：Heisateacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。,4）感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.5）变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词prove,turnout,表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如：Therumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。,宾语(object),宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。如IstudyEnglish中的。Theylikelisteningtomusic.(他们喜欢听音乐)中的。,English,music,Showyourpassport,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?,（名词）,(代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,定语(attributive),修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。如Helikestodrinkcoldmilk(他喜欢喝冷牛奶)中的。,cold,（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare47studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(过去分词),定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?（定语从句）,状语(adverbial),修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等充当词类：副词，介词短语或句子,（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.,Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.,宾语补足语(complementofobject),补充说明宾语的动作或状态。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。,Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.,（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,Sheaskedmetolendherahand.,同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况,Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.,名词,代词,数词,从句,名词,代词,数词,从句,ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,简单句的五种基本句型,1.主语+不及物动词：(SV),她来了。铃声响了。,2主语+系动词+表语(SVC),他是个学生。Heisastudent.他的脸变红了。Hisfaceturnedred.苹果尝起来很甜。Theappletastessweet.士兵保持静止不动。Thesoldierkeepsstill.,3.主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO）,Mike吃了三个苹果。她画了一幅漂亮的画。Shedrewabeautifulpicture.,Mikeatethreeapples.,常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为A、B两类）A：动词后加togive给show给看send寄，打电报bring带read读pass递给lend借给leave留给,hand交给tell告诉return把还给write给写信throw扔,4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）(SVIOO)(SVOiO),B：动词后加formake生产，制造buy买do做get得到play演奏order命令sing唱歌pay为交钱,e.g.我父亲给我买了一本书。Myfatherboughtmeabook.Myfatherboughtabookforme他给了我一个苹果。Hegavemeanapple.Hegaveanappletome,5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）(SVOC),Tommadethebabylaugh.Wemadehimourmonitor.Icantmakemyselfunderstood.Wewanttohavethedeskrepaired.,practice,分析句子结构1.Theyworkhard.2.Theflowerisdead.3.Plantsneedwater.4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.,7.Hegaveadictionarytome.8.ShallIleaveyouthecamera?9.Wefindthebookveryinteresting.10.Myuncleboughtmeane-dictionary.11.Singingmakesmehappy.,1.Theyworkhard.2.Theflowerisdead.3.Plantsneedwater.4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主+谓+间宾+直宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Manyanima