商务英语英汉互译(修订版)

occupational culture 职业文化pragmatic view 实用观点holistic view 整体观点general terms 一般条款general practice 一般惯例verbal offer 口头报价sales confirmation 销售确认unconditional assent 无条件同意elaborate stipulation 详细规定time of validity 有效期接受报价acceptance商务谈判 business negotiation可撤销的 revocable书面发盘 written offer发盘驳回 offer rejected受盘人 offeree发盘人 offeror发盘 offer还盘 counter-offer询盘 inquiryunloading port 卸货港shipping marks 货运标志commercial inspection 商品检验force majeure 不可抗力partial shipment 分批装运shipping documents 货运单证payment settlement 支付结算insurance policy 保险单expiry date 过期日mail confirmation 信函确认信用状况 credit status通知银行 notifying bank支付运单 shipping document delivery支付运算 payment settlement分支机构 branch office远期信用证 usance L/C货物转运 goods transshipment 支付条款 payment terms申请人 applicant受益人 beneficiaryirrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证revocable letter of credit 可撤销信用证commercial bill of exchange 商业汇票government guarantee 政府担保confirmed L/C保兑信用证sight draft 即期汇票time draft 远期汇票Eximbank 进出口银行drawee 受票人drawer 开票人economic goods 商品nonprofit organization 非赢利团体after-sale service 售后服务mass production 批量生产 stimulation 激励facilitation 便利intense promotion 集中促销consumer groups 消费群economic health 经济良性marketing program 营销计划消费需求 consumer demand公共需求 publics demand公司运作 firms operation交换过程 exchange process赢利团体 profit organization管理需求 managing demand预测需求 anticipating demand满足需求 satisfying demand激烈竞争 intense competition 销售时代 sales eratop management 高级管理层corporate culture 企业文化overall objective 总体目标marketing mix营销组合adaptation 计划调整controllable factor 可控因素marketing environment 营销环境geographic coverage 区域覆盖distribution decisions 分销决策target market 目标市场外部环境 external environment 价格幅度 range of prices库存管理 inventory management只收现金 cash-only赊购政策 credit policy市场细分 markets segment 营销渠道 marketing outlet特异优势 differential advantage销售业绩 marketing performance集体目标 organizations objectivesconsumerism 消费主义strong sentiment of nationalism 强烈的民族主义情感impulse buying 冲动购买demand curve 需求曲线oligopolistic market 寡头垄断市场channel competition 渠道竞争identical product 同类产品physical fitness 身体健美independent media 独立媒体production machinery 生产机械精美食品 selected food items可控因素 controllable factor市场份额 marketing share价格控制 control over price价格浮动 price fluctuation决策过程 decision process垄断竞争 monopolistic competition政治环境 political environment竞争环境 competitive environment营销努力 marketing effortsdisposable income 税后收入organizational consumer 团体消费者market segmentation市场细分market-oriented manager市场型经理production-oriented manager 生产型经理final consumer 终端消费者discretionary income 可自由支配收入consumer price index 消费价格指数single-earner family 单职工家庭suburban population 郊区人口城市居民 city dweller区域差异 regional difference头胎儿童 firstborn child郊区人口 suburban population需求递减率 law of diminishing demand消费结构 consumption pattern中低收入 lower and middle income家庭娱乐 home entertainment消费价格 consumer price优质优价产品high-priced and high-quality productexpenditure pattern 消费结构product attributes 产品特性small-sized package 小型包装concentrated marketing 集中营销undifferentiated marketing 无差别营销market penetration 市场渗透market buildup method 市场累加法sales forecast 销售预测consumer survey 消费调查trend analysis 趋势分析需求群体 demand cluster鲜明对比 striking contrast 产品特色 product image全国竞争 compete on a national level 营销预算 marketing budget多种经营 diversification统计分析 statistical analysis客户抵制 consumer resistance短期降价 short-term price cutpricing strategy 价格策略elastic demand 弹性需求delayed purchase 延迟购买price-sensitive shoppers 价格敏感型购买者brand-loyal customer 品牌忠诚顾客law of demand 需求定律predatory pricing 掠夺式定价loss leader 亏本出售的商品horizontal price fixing 平行价格固定lesser-quality material 质量较差的材料需求价格弹性 price elasticity of demand平行价格固定 horizontal price fixing存货保持成本 inventory-keeping costs库存周转比率 inventory turnover rate市场控制价格 market-controlled pricing价格歧视 price discrimination限时折扣 discount in limited time最低限价 minimum price热销商品 best seller买一送一 buy one,get one freequantity discount 批量折扣working capital 周转资金list price 价目表bid pricing 招标定价break-even analysis 损益两平分析average-cost pricing 平均成本定价average cost 平均成本aggressive firms 开拓型公司competitive item 有竞争力的品种overhead expense 日常管理费用折扣贴换 trade-in allowance库存补贴 stocking allowances运作成本 operational cost营销功能 marketing function声望定价 prestige pricing招徕定价 leader pricing简单公式 simple formula互补产品 complementary product需求曲线 curve of demand目标回报 target returnstrategic planning 战略计划tactical planning 策略计划planning system 计划体系loss of market share 市场份额丢失upper management 上层管理staff personnel 工作人员sales forecast 销售预测task force 任务小组capital expenditures budget 资金支出预算suboptimal choices 准最佳选择做出更好的决策 make a better decision导致更低的利润 lead to lower profits避免欠缺的计划 avoid deficient planning新计划导致抵制rejection resulting from new plans市场调查的主任marketing research manager授予权利 authorize a power消费预算 expenditure budget收入预算 revenue budget建立程序 set up a program管理思维 managing conceptsmacro-sales analysis 宏观销售分析market share analysis 市场份额分析iceberg principle 冰山原理geographic organization 区域组织inherent conflict 内在冲突marketing audit 营销审计sales analysis 销售分析marketing concept 营销观念marketing control 营销控制matching concept 配比观念营销组织结构marketing organization structure完成营销目标 to accomplish marketing goals 有效工作流程 efficient work flows营销信息系统 marketing information system快速新闻覆盖 rapid news coverage全球销售 to sell on a worldwide basis定期评估 regular evaluation产品系列 product lines以往业绩 former performance战略型的 strategiccurrent account 往来账户money value 货币价值capital account 资本账户royalties to foreign firms 交给外国公司的税费gold standard 金本体制mercantilist obsession 重商主义情结currency circulation 货币流通devaluation 贬值international capital flow 国际资本流通outflow of capital 资本外流国家经济状况 economic status of the country国际收支差额 balance of payments短期投资流动movements of short-term investments外汇供求平衡foreign money at some equilibrium demand and supply国际收支逆差 deficit in the balance of payment货币手段 monetary approach金融资产 financial asserts归纳手段 absorption approach供求弹性 elasticity of supply and demand价格及金银 price-species economic and financial transactions经济与金融交易double entry bookkeeping 复式簿记credit and debit 贷方和借方surplus or deficit 盈余与赤字errors and omissions 错漏equity interests 股本息reserve accounts 储备金账户portfolio investment 有价证券投资government notes 政府证券BOP disequilibrium 国际收支失衡统计误差 statistical discrepancy 经常项目 current account items惯用做法 common practice储备资产 reserve capital金融手段 financial means单边转移 unilateral transfer调整汇率 exchange rate adjustment缓冲政策 buffering policy出口总值 total value of exports购买证券 purchase of stockstrade balance 贸易平衡trade surplus 贸易赢余trade deficit 贸易赤字exchange analysis 汇率分析strengthened dollar 强势美元depreciated yen 贬值的日元positive correlation 积极的相互关系Mexican Peso 墨西哥比索jumps in value 升值appreciated yen 升值的日元巨大贸易逆差 enormous trade deficit出口大于进口 we export more than we import我觉得书上答案是错的，书上是进口大于出口更全面的了解 lead to greater insight to美加贸易赤字 American-Canadian trade deficit贸易收支平衡 the steady balance of trade美元对加元 the American Dollar against the Canadian Dollar 最大贸易国 the largest trading partner汇率的变化 changes of exchange rate更好地理解 have a better idea of贸易的数据 trade datatrading patterns 贸易结构trading partner 贸易伙伴size of the orders 订货规模luxury items 高档商品price elastic 价格弹性price inelastic 非价格弹性market-determined 市场决定的year-over-year changes 年度同比变化artificially overvalued 人为高升值background material 背景材料国家发改委 the State Development and Reform Commission推崇日本货 highly value Japanese products日本消费品 Japanese consumer products越来越希望 tend to结构性失衡 the structural imbalance 大幅贬值 greatly depreciated大幅下跌substantially fall商业结构 commercial structure高度互补 a high degree of complementarities货币升值 currency appreciationscrap disposal 废料处理back order 待发货订单point of origin 原产地contract carrier 合同承运人cost-price squeeze 成本价格紧缩physical distribution 实物流通elasticity of demand 需求弹性expendable supplies 易耗品inventory capital cost存货资金成品production scheduling 生产日程促销活动 sales promotion activity产品开发 product development销售人员 marketing personnel市场营销 marketing销售调研 marketing research原材料产地 origin of raw material商品与服务 goods and services竞争者价格 competitors price最高管理层 top management流通总成本 total cost of performing physical distributioncarload lot 整车货物product line 产品系列warehousing 仓储使用费sales volume 销量inventory control 存货控制breadth of market 市场宽度inventory delivery 存货运输inventory depreciation 存货贬值chief executive manager 首席执行经理marketing administration 市场行政管理产品包装 product packing流通比率 rate of flow运输经理 traffic manager大量运输 large quantity shipment生产计划 production planning订单服务 order servicing存货种类 inventory variety存货地点 inventory location货运方式 mode of transportation生产成本 production costplace utility 地点效用interim period 过渡时期order origination 订单发出operations research 运筹学freight transportation 货运运输merchandise delivery 商品运输surface transportation 水陆运输inauguration of service 开始服务replenishment of goods 货物补充electronic data processing 电子数据处理发展后期 later phase of development 商品差价 spread between products管理人员 management personnel信息流通 flow of information数据传输 data transmission存货流通 flow of inventory营销策略 marketing strategy空运行业 airfreight industry引进阶段 introductory period订单处理 order processingduplication 重复劳动trading entity 贸易实体legal enterprise 法定企业channel jumping 渠道跳跃advertising credit 广告贷款economies of scale 规模经济exchange channel 交易渠道distribution channel 流通渠道bargaining transaction 谈判业务scrambled merchandising 跨品种销售批发商 wholesaler经销商 distributor中间商 middleman / intermediary办事处 factory branch office易腐蚀的 perishable管理能力 managerial capability个人直销 personal selling交换地点 location of exchange/transfer交换条款 term of exchange/transfer渠道成员 channel memberterminal user 终端用户unitized load 单位化装货ancillary cost 附加成本conclusive act 决定性行为erratic demand 不稳定需求margin for error 错误余地massed reserves 集中储备assortment closure 产品盘点factory sales outlet 工厂销售点super-organizational management 超组织管理交易目标 exchange goal产品存储 product storage产品调整 product adjustment产品转让 product transfer产品搬运 product handling信息交流 information communication空间价值 spatial value买方市场 buyers market业务能力 transaction capability交易网络 exchange networkrationale 理论基础stock-out 库存缺货consumer goodwill 消费者信誉joint economic gain 共同经济利益the placing of an order 发送订单differentiation of goods 产品区分geographical dispersion 地域分散intermediary inventories 中间库存the principle of speculation 推测原则the principle of postponement 推迟原则购买时间 time of purchase风险转移 shifting of risk逆向推迟 backward postponement顺向推迟 forward postponement交货时间 delivery time规模经济 scale economy产品外形 form of products零售商品 retail facilities渠道结构 channel structure远期库存 forward inventorieshuman resource 人力资源management style 管理方式/经营风格hardship allowance 困难补贴top-level manager高层管理者foreign assignment 海外任务labor market 劳动力市场global efficiencies 全球效率licensing agreement 许可证协定standard of productivity 生产力标准subsidiary management 子公司管理企业文化 corporate culture移动费用 moving expense 地方管理 local management税后收入 after-tax income 合资企业 joint venture安顿费用 settling-in expense官方语言 official tongue储藏费用 storage expense 全球战略 global strategy海外补贴 overseas premiums生活费用 cost of living基本工资 base salarypreemployment training 上岗前培训postemployment training 上岗后培训compensation policies 补偿政策end-of-the-year bonuses 年底奖金personnel record systems 人事记录系统management inventories 管理清单college recruitment 大学招聘fringe benefits 额外津贴/附加福利labor cost 劳动力成本lay off 解雇工人wage rate 工资率labor court 劳资纠纷法庭class struggle 阶级斗争labor-saving 劳动力节省child labor 童工on the payroll 雇佣board of directors 董事会lifetime employment 终身解雇collective bargaining 集体谈判sociopolitical environment 社会政治环境U11portfolio 有价证券direct mail 直接邮寄line executive 业务管理人员staff position 普通职员placement office 就业指导处intelligence tests 智力测试economic ambitions 经济抱负vocational literature 职业介绍vocational abilities 业务能力managerial position 管理职位marketing research 市场调查prospective employers 未来雇主实习 internships 求职者 job seeker/applicant工作氛围 work climate发展潜力 growth potential能力测试 aptitude test择业 occupational selection工作实质 nature of a job个性测试 interest and personality tests产业接触 industry contacts各级管理层 levels of managementwant ads 招聘广告job leads 工作导向job fairs 职业交流会job openings 职位空缺sales outlets 销售网点home office 总公司job campai