定语从句详细讲解 解题方法(超值精品)PPT课件

,Lesson1,Lesson1,1,.,一般定语与定语从句的比较,1,2,.,Thisisagirl.Thisisafashionablegirl.ThisisagirlwhoisasfashionableasLadyGaga.,一般定语与定语从句的比较,3,.,练习：体会一下定语从句的魅力Beautyisthedropofrainthatkeepsthehumanspiritformdeathbydraught.Beautyisasilentrefreshmentthatweperhapsdonotthinkaboutbutwhichgoesonallthetime.Beautyisthesmileontheearthsface,whichisopentoallandneedsbuttheeyestosee,moodtounderstand.美如雨露般滋润着我们干涸的心田。美悄然而来，在我们不经意间荡涤尘寰，延绵不断。美是大地的笑容，人人得以享受。只要我们用眼去捕捉，用心去感受。,定语从句两大要害：先行词关系词,4,.,定语从句两大要害：先行词关系词,2,5,.,先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。Shethrewawayhernewdresswhichsheboughtyesterday.关系词：连接先行词和定语从句的桥梁；并在从句中充当一定成分(经纪人的角色)Idontlikethepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirwords.,定语从句两大要害：先行词关系词,6,.,定语从句的解题思路,3,7,.,找词成分选词找先行词,定语从句的解题思路,8,.,先行词的分类：A.先行词是一个词Thebeautyofawomanisnotintheclothesthatshewears,thefigurethatshecarries,orthewayshecombsherhair.Thebeautyofawomanmustbeseenfrominhereyes,becausethatisthedoorwaytoherhearttheplacewhereloveresides.-AudreyHepburn女人的美，不是来自于她所穿的衣服，或她的身材，或她梳头的样子。而是来自于她的眼睛，因为透过眼镜，我们能看到她的心灵，一个充满爱心的所在。,定语从句的解题思路,9,.,先行词的分类：B.先行词是一个完整的句子Ibecameasinglemotherovernight,whichisnothinglikebecomingfamousovernight.我一夜之间成了单亲妈妈，这跟一夜成名可完全不同。练习：翻译我女朋友喜欢和别的男生跳舞，这一点让我很是抓狂。Mygirlfriendlikesdancingwithotherguys,whichreallydrivesmecrazy.,定语从句的解题思路,10,.,先行词的位置：一般紧跟关系词Thereisthisdifferencebetweenhappinessandwisdom:thepersonwhothinkshimselfthehappiestmanreallyisso;butthepersonwhothinkshimselfthewisestisgenerallythegreatestfool.Itshardtohaveafriendwhoyoucantrustcompletely.,定语从句的解题思路,11,.,先行词的位置：练习：找到先行词TherearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelfwhichBenbenhasadvisedustoread.TherearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelfwhichBenbenhasadvisedustoread.,定语从句的解题思路,12,.,先行词的位置：但是有时候先行词也会跟关系词骨肉分离,定语从句的解题思路,13,.,如何找到先行词(1)看定语从句的含义来(把先行词放到定语从句中去，翻译一下，看看是否合乎逻辑)(2)看定语从句的谓语动词的单复数(确定、佐证),定语从句的解题思路,14,.,先行词的位置：练习：Ivebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.【2010年湖南卷】a.whob.wherec.whend.which【a.who;先行词是students】,定语从句的解题思路,15,.,先行词的位置：练习：Aftermytalkwiththeprofessor,_wasshortbutrewarding,IhadanewoutlookontheproblemIwasfacing.a.whob.thatc.itd.which【d.which;先行词是talk】,定语从句的解题思路,16,.,先行词的位置：练习：找到先行词Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolved(brokendown)inthesoilsolution(mixture)beforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.【考研真题】Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthesoilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.,定语从句的解题思路,17,.,如何找到先行词练习：找到先行词Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneralmakelifeevenmorestressfulforthepost-80s.【CET-6】Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneralmakelifeevenmorestressfulforthepost-80s.,定语从句的解题思路,18,.,找词成分选词成分看看定语从句中是否缺少主语、宾语。Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,whichmadetheothersenvyhimalot.Myfavoriteseasonisspring,whentheearthseemsbornagain.,定语从句的解题思路,19,.,找词成分选词选关系词从句中缺少主语、宾语，选：Who,whom,which,that从句中不缺少主语、宾语，选：Whose,when,why,where,定语从句的解题思路,20,.,定语从句的关系代词,4,21,.,先行词是“人”：who,whom,thatAngerisathiefwho/thatstealsawaythenicemomentsinourlife.先行词是“物”：which,thatAngerisawindwhich/thatblowsoutthelampofthemind.,定语从句的关系代词,22,.,4.1who/whom指代“人”例句：Friendshipisaverydifficultthing.Itishardtohandle.Itcreatesmanydifferentproblems.InfactIwouldsaythatfriendshipisashardtohandleasloveis,orevenmarriage.OfcourseIamnottalkingabouteasy-come-easy-gofriendship.Imtalkingaboutfriendswhocaredeeplyabouteachother,whosupporteachother,whomakelifeworthliving.Imtalkingaboutfriendswhomyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.,定语从句的关系代词,23,.,WhoorWhom?WHO前面不能直接加介词Imtalkingaboutfriendswho(m)youcansharealmosteverythingwith.可以改写成：Imtalkingaboutfriendswithwhomyoucansharealmosteverything.就不能改写成：Imtalkingaboutfriendswithwhoyoucansharealmosteverything.(错),定语从句的关系代词,24,.,WhoorWhom?WHOM在定语从句中不能作主语，但可以作宾语或者表语。Heisnolongthemanwho/whomhewasthreeyearsago.【注意】作表语，who/whom均可,定语从句的关系代词,25,.,4.2which/that指代“物”两者有何区别？,定语从句的关系代词,26,.,ThatorWhich?A.用that不用which(1).当先行词中有人有物时SisterFengandhermake-upthatstartlesusalotisverypopularontheinternet.Heandhisfamily_Ilikeverymuchareheretoday,too.that/who/whom,定语从句的关系代词,27,.,ThatorWhich?A.用that不用which(2).先行词是“所有，没有；很多、很少；四个东西(thing)；序数；最高；最后；恰好”(指“物”)或被这些词修饰的时候,定语从句的关系代词,28,.,ThatorWhich?A.用that不用which所有：all没有：none很多：many，much很少：few，little四个东西(thing)：something，anything，nothing，everything；(包括some，any，no，every)序数：thefirst,thefifth最高：thebest,themostoutstanding最后：thelast恰好：thevery,theright,theone,theonly,定语从句的关系代词,29,.,ThatorWhich?B.用which不用that(3).that不用在非限定性定语从句中Ibecameasinglemotherovernight,whichisnothinglikebecomingfamousovernight.我一夜之间成了单亲妈妈，这跟一夜成名可完全不同。,定语从句的关系代词,30,.,ThatorWhich?B.用which不用that(4).that不直接跟在介词后Theworldinwhichweliveismadeupofmatters.=Theworldthat/whichweliveinismadeupofmatters.Theworldinthatweliveismadeupofmatters.(错),定语从句的关系代词,31,.,ThatorWhich?B.用which不用that(5).当先行词本身就是代词that时-Whichdressdoyoulikebetter?-Ipreferthat(one)whichissounique.Perhapsitishumantoappreciatelittlethatwhichwehaveandtolongforthatwhichwehavenot.或许，“不惜已获，贪求不得”是人类共同的弱点吧。,定语从句的关系代词,32,.,4.4whose，表示“人”或“物”所有关系一般满足A_B的形式，符合“A的B”含义。WhenIlookedthroughthewindow,Isawagirlwhosebeautytookmybreathaway.练习：填空Lookout!Dontgettooclosetothehouse_roofisunderrepair.a.whoseb.whichc.ofwhichd.that【福建高考题】【a.;想想c为什么不行】,定语从句的关系代词,33,.,4.4whose，表示“人”或“物”所有关系一般满足A_B的形式，符合“A的B”含义。练习：填空Thegentleman,_officeIonceworked,isaverythoughtfulboss.a.inhisb.whosec.ofwhomthed.inwhose【d.;想想b为什么不行】,定语从句的关系代词,34,.,定语从句的关系副词,5,35,.,5.1when，先行词必须是表示时间的名词Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewontbesobusy.Therewas_time_Ihatetogotoschool.【湖北高考】a.a;thatb.a;whenc.the;thatd.the;when【b.】,定语从句的关系副词,36,.,5.2why先行词必须是表示原因的名词，如reason，cause等OnlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Thetwomajorreasonswhyitissopopularareitsconvenienceanditscompetitiveprice.,定语从句的关系副词,37,.,5.3whereWhere的先行词一般是地点名词A:Sinceyouworkinthetheater,cantyougetmeafreeticketnowandthen?B:Certainlyifyoubringmeafewnotesnowandthenfromthebankwhereyouwork!,定语从句的关系副词,38,.,5.3where先行词可以是含有地点意义的其他各种名词（通常是抽象名词，dream，case，situation，point等），把where译成“在中/下/里”【考试重点】Annie:YouknowthatdreamwhereIfinallymetLadyGagaonthestageandsangwithher?Thatwasfantastic!Becky:Ibetitwas.,定语从句的关系副词,39,.,5.3where练习：Werejusttryingtoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.【山东高考】a.whereb.thatc.whend.which【a】,定语从句的关系副词,40,.,关系词练习集锦,6,41,.,Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_isnamedafterhisgrandfather.a.whob.thatc.asd.which【2010全国】【b.】Childrenwhoarenotactiveor_dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.a.whatb.whosec.whichd.that【2010北京高考】【b.】-CanyoubelieveIhadtopay$30forahaircut?-Youshouldtrythebarbers_Igo.Itsonly$15.【2010天津高考】a.asb.whichc.whered.that【c.】InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing_developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.【2010重庆高考】a.whereb.whichc.whosed.that【c.】,关系词练习集锦,42,.,Shebroughtwithherfriends,noneof_Ihadevermetbefore.a.themb.whoc.whomd.these【2010全国】【c.】Isthisthereason_atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?a.heexplainedb.whatheexplainedc.howheexplainedd.whyheexplained【上海高考】【a.】-Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?-Yes,theresonepoint_Imustinsiston.【江西高考】a.whyb.whichc.whered.how【b.】,关系词练习集锦,43,.,Thehours_thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.a.whenb.onwhichc.thatd.inwhich【2000年CET4】【c】ChansrestaurantonBakerStreet,_usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.a.itb.whichc.whod.where【07浙江高考】【b】,关系词练习集锦,44,.,限定性、非限定性定语从句,7,45,.,两者的区别：形式上：有无“，”逗号Thefoodwhichwasntinthefridgeallwentbad.Thefood,whichwasntinthefridge,allwentbad.意义上：翻译的方法,限定性、非限定性定语从句,46,.,【注意】翻译的方法：限定性定语从句一般翻译成“的”非限定性定语从句往往另起一句来翻译,限定性、非限定性定语从句,47,.,分析比较Thefoodwhichwasntinthefridgeallwentbad.没有放在冰箱里的食物都坏了。Thefood,whichwasntinthefridge,allwentbad.食物都坏了，因为没有放在冰箱里。,限定性、非限定性定语从句,48,.,分析比较练习Thecabdriverswhoknewaboutthetrafficjamtookanotherroad.知道那里堵车的计程车司机换了另一条道。Thecabdrivers,whoknewaboutthetrafficjam,tookanotherroad.计程车司机因为知道那里塞车了，他们都换了另一条道。,限定性、非限定性定语从句,49,.,特殊关系代词,8,50,.,8.1as可用于限定性和非限定性定语从句在非限定性定语从句中,特殊关系代词,51,.,8.1as(1)as引导的非限定性定语从句可放在句首。as可先于先行词，出现在句首。先行词通常是整个主句。(大牌经纪人)Asissooftenpointedout,knowledgeistwo-edgeweaponwhichcanbeequallyforgoodorevil.,特殊关系代词,52,.,8.1as(2)as引导的非限制定语从句可放在句中as的先行词依然是主句。which的先行词必须出现在其前面。Malanshan,as/whichweallknow,hasonlyoneindustryHunanTVStation.众所周知，马栏山只有一个产业，即湖南卫视。(as引导时)马栏山是个众所周知的地方，这里只有一个产业，即湖南卫视。(which引导时),特殊关系代词,53,.,8.1as(2)as引导的非限制定语从句可放在句中可以用which么？为什么？Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingtrendtowardsOtakuwhichactuallyisnotsogoodinthelongrun.,特殊关系代词,54,.,8.1as(3)as引导的非限制定语从句可以放在句末Which也可以这样。二者有何区别？当主句和从句在内容上一致时，通常用as；若从句的内容对主句的内容起反对、排斥、否定等作用时，则多用which。,特殊关系代词,55,.,8.1as(3)as引导的非限制定语从句可以放在句末Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.Sheisverycareful,asherworkshows.Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgraceful.,特殊关系代词,56,.,8.1as在限定性定语从句中只能用在由such,thesame,as修饰的先行词的后面。Heisnotsuchamanaswouldleavehisworkhalfdone.Hetriedtomakeasfewmistakesashecouldavoid.【温馨提示】：如果few前没有as?意思？,特殊关系代词,57,.,8.2thanthan在引导的定语从句中做主语和宾语先行词需有形容词的比较级修饰Theboyhaseatenmorefoodthanisgoodforhishealth.Nevergivehimmoremoneythanisnecessary.,特殊关系代词,58,.,8.2than如何理解：把比较级直接改成the，再把than改成that。再把比较级的含义加进去。Theboyhaseatenmorefoodthanisgoodforhishealth.(Theboyhaseatenthefoodthatisgoodforhishealth.“more”表示超出健康需要的食物)Nevergivehimmoremoneythanisnecessary.(Nevergivehimthemoneythatisnecessary.“more”表示超出他需要的钱),特殊关系代词,59,.,8.2than练习：翻译Therearemoredemandsthancanbesatisfied.需求难以满足。,特殊关系代词,60,.,8.3butbut相当于thatnot。形式上是肯定，意义上是否定。but所指代的先行词往往会被一个否定词修饰。but可指代人和物,特殊关系代词,61,.,8.3but例句Thereareveryfewpeopleinthisclubbutheknows.=Thereareveryfewpeopleinthisclubwhohedoesntknow.那家俱乐部里的人他几乎都认识。练习：翻译没有人不会犯错。(thereis)Thereisnomanbuterrs.=Thereisnomanwhodoesnterr.,特殊关系代词,62,.,介词+关系代词,9,63,.,什么时候不加？什么时候必须加？加什么介词？,介词+关系代词,64,.,独门秘籍三看：9.1看从句看从句中的动词Thegoalsforwhichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.【CET6】温馨提示构成fightfor短语,介词+关系代词,65,.,独门秘籍三看：9.1看从句看从句中的动词Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_wemayreturninthefuture.【上海高考】a.onwhichb.bywhichc.towhichd.fromwhich【c.】,介词+关系代词,66,.,独门秘籍三看：9.1看从句看从句中的形容词形容词跟介词构成固定搭配。HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.,介词+关系代词,67,.,独门秘籍三看：9.2看先行词介词与先行词构成固定搭配。Thespeedatwhichananimallivesisdeterminedbymeasuringtherateatwhichitusesoxygen.【CET4】【温馨提示】atthespeed/rate，表示“以的速度/速率”。,介词+关系代词,68,.,独门秘籍三看：9.3看句义【絶看】第三看，看整句话的意思。Thefoundationofhappylifeisourhealth,_nothingmakessense.a.bywhichb.forwhichc.onwhichd.withoutwhich【d】,介词+关系代词,69,.,独门秘籍三看：9.3看句义【絶看】Therearethingsyouwouldlovetohearbutyouwillneverhearitfrompersonfromwhomyouwouldliketohearit,butdontbedeaftohearitfromthepersonwhosaysitwithheart.有些话你很想听到，然而却无法从你希望的那个人口中听到。但如果有其他人用心对你说出了那些话，不要对它充耳不闻。,介词+关系代词,70,.,Justingaveawell-boundbooktome_thepricetookmybreathaway.a.fromwhichb.towhichc.ofwhichd.whose【c】Thebookwaswrittenin1946,_theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.【07年山东】a.whenb.duringwhichc.fromthend.sincewhen【d】Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_hewentontoBeijingUniversity.【07年江苏】a.afterwhi