论语【英文版】-Analects-of-Confucius

ConfuciusandConfucianism,ConfuciuslivedinthelatterpartoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-479BC).Confuciuswasaphilosopher,politicalthinkerandeducatorofancientChina,whoseinfluenceisstillfeltacrosstheworld.,论语AnalectsofConfucius,LunYu,ortheAnalectsofConfucius,recordsthewordsanddeedsofConfuciusaswellasthoseofhisdisciples.ThebookwascompiledbythedisciplesofConfuciusaftertheirMastersdeath.Itcoversawidevarietyofsubjects,rangingfrompolitics,philosophy,literatureandarttoeducationandmoralcultivation.ItisindispensablematerialforthestudyoftheMastersthought.Inaconversationalstyle,thebook,richincontentbutlaconicandclearinlanguage,isprofoundandunderstandable.,AnalectsofConfucius,子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知，而不愠，不亦君子乎？”Confuciussaid,“Isitnotapleasureafteralltopracticeinduetimewhatonehaslearnt?Isitnotadelightafteralltohavefriendscomefromafar?Isitnotagentlemanafterallwhowillnottakeoffencewhenothersfailtoappreciatehim?”,子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”Confuciussaid,“Sincetheageof15,Ihavedevotedmyselftolearning;Since30,Ihavebeenwellestablished;Since40,Ihaveunderstoodmanythingsandhavenolongerbeenconfused;since50,Ihaveknownmyheaven-sentduty;since60,Ihavebeenabletodistinguishrightandwronginotherpeopleswords;andsince70,IhavebeenabletodowhatIintendfreelywithoutbreakingtherules.”,AnalectsofConfucius,子曰：“学而不思，则罔；思而不学，则殆。”Confuciussaid,“Itthrowsoneintobewildermenttoreadwithoutthinkingwhereasitplacesoneinjeopardytothinkwithoutreading.”子曰：“人而不仁，如礼何？人而不仁，如乐何？”Confuciussaid,“Whatcanamandoabouttheritesifheisnotbenevolent?Whatcanhedoaboutmusicifheisnotbenevolent?”,子贡曰：“如有博施于民而能济众，何如？可谓仁乎？”子曰：“夫仁者，己欲立而立人；己欲达而达人。”ZiGongasked,“Whatdoyouthinkofonewhocanbringbountifulbenefitsandabetterlifetoallthepeople?Ishebenevolent?Confuciusanswered,“Abenevolentmanisonewhohelpsothersestablishwhathehimselfwishestoachieve.Tobecapableoftreatingothersasonewouldbetreatedoneselfisthebestwaytobebenevolent.”,AnalectsofConfucius,子曰：“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺。”Confuciussaid,“Sticktothewaytoyourgoal,baseyourselfonvirtue,leanuponbenevolence,andtakeyourrecreationinthesixarts(thatis,music,therites,archery,carriagedriving,classicbooksandarithmetic).”子曰：“不愤不启，不悱不发，举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也。”Confuciussaid,“Iwillnotinstructmystudentsuntiltheyhavereallytriedhardbutfailedtounderstand.IfIgivethemoneinstanceandtheycannotdrawinferencesfromit,Iwillnotteachthemanymore.”,AnalectsofConfucius,孔子曰：“君子有九思：视思明，听思聪，色思温，貌思恭，言思忠，事思敬，疑思问，忿思难，见得思义。”Confuciussaid,“Agentlemanconcentratesonthefollowingninethings:seeingclearlywhenheuseshiseyes;hearingacutelywhenheuseshisears;lookingmildwhenitcomestofacialexpression;appearingsedatewhenitcomestodemeanor;beingsincerewhenhespeaks;beingconscientiouswhenitcomestohisofficeresponsibility;seekingadvicewhenheisinthefaceofdifficulty;foreseeingtheconsequenceswhenhegetsangry;askinghimselfwhetheritisrightwhenhewantstogainsomething.”,Whatis“Ren”?,Confuciusdisciplesaskedhimonvariousoccasions,“Whatisren?”Hereplied,“Itistoloveallmen.”Oneaspectofthiswas:“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.”Anotherwas:“Amanofperfectvirtue,wishingtobeestablishedhimself,seeksalsotoestablishothers;wishingtobeenlargedhimself,heseeksalsotoenlargeothers.”Thecombinationofthesetwoaspectsisregardedastheessenceof“Ren”,orcalled“thedoctrineofloyaltyandforbearance.”,ContributionsofConfucius,AsthefounderofConfucianism,hecontributedgreatlytothedevelopmentandsuccessoftraditionalChineseculture.(1)Hecompiled6books,whicharecalledtheSixClassics,includingTheBookofSongs诗,CollectionofAncientTexts书,Therites礼,TheMusic乐,TheBookofChanges易,andTheSpringandAutumnAnnals春秋.(2)Heestablishedbenevolence(仁)andritesasthecoreofhistheory.Benevolenceisanethicalsystemaswellasamoralrealm,thecoreofwhichistheadvocacyofloveforhumans.,ThoughtsofConfucius,But,thisloveforhumansisdividedintomanylevelsafeatureofapatriarchalsocialsystem.Ritesrefertotheetiquettesystem,thecoreofwhichissocialstrata.Sincebenevolencereferstomoralandritestopolitics,Confuciandoctrinesarethoughtsofpoliticalethics,whichstandforapolicyofbenevolenceandoppositionoftyrannicalrule.(3)Confuciusestablishedprivateschools,advocatinghislearningstrategies,thatis,thecombinationoflearningandthinking,reviewingandteaching.,Uptonow,mostofhisthoughtshavetheirvalues.,Hemaintainstheideathateveryonehastherighttobeeducated,andthateducationshouldbeofferedtoallclasses.Whilespreadingthespiritofbeinginsatiableinlearningandtirelessinteaching,hestrivesforeducatingstudentsinaccordancewiththeiraptitudebyadoptinganelicitationmethodofteaching.儒家思想已无孔不入地渗透在中国人民的观念、行为、习俗、信仰、情感之中，形成了中华民族某种共同的心理状态和性格特征。深入地了解孔子的思想及学说，对学习和了解中国文化是很有帮助的。（现实意义）,LaoZi,LaoZi,founderofTaoism,wasagreatphilosopherinthelatteryearsoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod.HewasappointedasanofficialhistorianintheZhouDynasty;laterheretiredfrompubliclife.LaoZibroachesthethoughtofTao,whichmeansthemovementandlawoftheuniverse.ThisthoughtisreflectedinhisbookLaoZi(orMoralDoctrines).ThebasicnatureofTaoistoletthingstaketheirowncoursenaturally.Heputforwardtoamodeofreversethinking,thusmakingTaoismandConfucianismexistsimultaneouslyandcomplementarilyandgrowintothetwomainschoolsofChinastraditionalthoughts.,SeekingHarmonyandMaintainingBalance,PeaceandContentment,Intermsofworldoutlook,Chinastraditionalsociety,basedonthecivilizationofagriculture,advocatedthetheorythat“manisanintegralpartofnature”andthenotionof“thegoldenmean.”Astheearlyagriculturalproductiondependedontheblessingsofnature,itwasabasicrequirementforthesocialeconomytocomplywithnaturallaws;hencetheemergenceofthetheorythat“manisanintegralpartofnature,”whichemphasizedtheharmonyandtheinseparablerelationshipbetweenmanandnature.,SeekingHarmonyandMaintainingBalance,PeaceandContentment,BoththetwoideologicalsystemsofConfucianismandTaoismmaintainedthesametheory.ItreadsinLaoZithat“manshouldadapthimselftonature.”Thetheorythat“manisanintegralpartofnature”impliesthesublimationofmoralquality.WhenConfucianismreferstoit,itmeansthemoralizationofpersonality,whileinTaoismitmeansthenaturalizationofpersonality.Theformertalksaboutmoralcultivation,whilethelatter,aboutreturningtonature.,SeekingHarmonyandMaintainingBalance,PeaceandContentment,Thetheorywasadaptedtoenablepeoplenotonlytoharmonizetherelationshipbetweenmanandnature,butalsotoharmonizetheinterpersonalrelationship,andphysicalandmentalhealth.Confuciuswasinfavorof“thegoldenmean”stressingtheunityofopposites.Theso-called“unity”referstotheattemptatbalancebetweenthetwooppositesides.Therefore,thereisafamoussayingof“holdingthetwoendsbutusingthemiddlepart.”Thegoldenmean,byseekingbalance,aimsatstability.,SeekingHarmonyandMaintainingBalance,PeaceandContentment,StrivingforstabilitywasoneoftheChinesepeoplesmajortraits.Theypreferredasettledlifestyletoanever