新标准大学英语四UNIT4ppt课件

.,1,Thecreditcardtrap1Ihaveaconfession.Severalyearsago,Iwasstandinginaqueuetocollectsometheatreticketsformyfamily,andmyfriendwasdoingthesameforhers.Igotmine,andpaidforthembycreditcard,feelingcontentedbytheconvenienceofthiscash-freetransaction.Itwasthenherturntopay.Thewholeoperationpassedassmoothlyasmine,butmydelightsoonturnedtoabjectshame.Mycreditcardwasafairlypathetic,status-freedarkblue,whereasherswasaveryexclusivegoldone.,Text,.,2,2Howdidshedothis?Howcouldthisbe?IknewIearnedmorethanher,mycarwasnewer,andmyhousewassmarter.Howdidshegettoappearmoreflashthanme?3Now,Ihadajobwhichwasassteadyasanyjobwasinthosedaysthatstosay,notvery,butyouknow,nocomplaints.Ihadamortgageonmyhouse,butthenwhodidnt?Ipaidoffallmycreditdebtattheendofthemonth,soalthoughtechnically,Iwasindebttothecreditcardcompany,itwasonlyforamatterofafewweeks.SoIassumedIhadagoodcreditrating.,Text,.,3,4Callmesuperficial,andImnotproudofmyself,butthereandthen,Iwassuddenlyjealousofmyfriend.IdecidedInolongerwantedabluecard.Iwantedagoldone.Agoldcardwassuddenlyindispensable,itwouldmakemefeelgoodwithmyself,anddesirabletoothers.5SoIappliedforthemostdistinctive,shinygoldencardthecompanyoffered.6Iwasturneddown.,Text,.,4,7WhenIhadrecoveredfromtheshock,whichtookseveralseconds,Iaskedwhy.ItappearsthatbecauseIpaymycreditcardbillbothontimeandinfull,Imnotthekindofpersonthattheywanttohavetheirgoldcreditcard.Theytargetpeoplewhoarepronetoimpulse-buying,andpotentiallybadcreditrisks,temptedtospendmorethantheyhave,andliabletofallbehindwithrepayments.Thentheycanchargethemmoreinterest,andearnmoremoney.Thatsthewaytheydobusiness.,Text,.,5,8Sodoesthisexplainwhythecreditcardcompaniesareluringimpoverishedstudentswithunrealisticinterestrates,likemykids?9Threeweeksago,No.2daughtercamehomefromuniversityfortheweekend.Shesinhersecondtermofherfirstyear.Shehasastudentloanof3,000,likemostofherfriends,andasmallallowancefromherpoormother(ha!)fortransport,books,livingexpenses.Shewearsclothesfromthelocalcharityshops,andrarelygoesout.Shehuggedme(neverusuallydoesthat)andthensaid,Mum,Ineedtotalktoyou.,Text,.,6,10Whatisit,darling?Tellmeeverything.11Iveappliedforacreditcard,andIneedsomeonetoactasaguaranteeforme.IsitOKifIputdownyourname?Thankssomuch,Mum,mustdash!Bye.,Text,.,7,12AfterIdhauledherbackintothehouse,ittranspiredthatherbankhadwrittentoherofferingacreditcardatalowinterestforatrialthree-monthperiod,subjecttosuitability.andsoon.Herbank!Itrustedthem!TheyknowevenbetterthanIdohowbrokesheis.13Heresaseriousquestion.Whydotheycallthemcreditcardswhenitwouldbemoreaccuratetocallthemdebtcards?,Text,.,8,14Heresanevenmoreseriousstory.Anotherfriendsdaughter,Kelly,wasstudyingmodernlanguagesatuniversity,andspentayearoverseas.Atsomepointintheyear,therewasachangeofprocedure,andKellysbankfailedtoallowhertoaccessherfundsinhercurrentaccount,becausetherequestwasfromoutsidetheUK.Naturally,therewasalengthycorrespondencewhileshetriedtosortthisout,sothedelayinbeingabletoaccessherfundsmeantthatshewentintothered,andherdebtsbegantorisemorethan200abovetheagreedlimitonheroverdraftof1,500.,Text,.,9,15WhenKellygotbackhome,thebankchargedher100forgoingoverthelimit,andinsistedshepaid30amonthtobringthebalancebacktobelowherlimit.Theyomittedtotellherthatshewasntactuallypayingoffthedebt,butonlytheexorbitantinterestontheoverspendoftheoverdraft.16SoKellyhadtoturntohercreditcardwhichshehadusedsensiblyandsparinglyuntilthatpoint.Becauseshewasastudent,andbecauseshedidntuseitmuch,naturallyhercreditlimitwaslow.,Text,.,10,17Andnotsurprisingly,shecouldntpayoffeventheminimumpaymentonhercreditcardbill.Sotherewerenotonlybank,Text,chargesowing,butalsocreditcarddebtsandinterest.Andofcourse,shewasrecordedasbeingabadcreditrisk.,.,11,18Thingsthenwentfrombadtoworse.Afewmonthsintoherfinalyear,thebanknotifiedherthatitwasgoingtoreduceheroverdraftfrom1,500to1,000.Theytoldhertoapplyforastudentloantocovertherest.Butwhentheloancompanydidacreditcheck,theydiscoveredthecarddebt.19Guesswhat?Shedidntgettheloan.,Text,.,12,20Thiswasadelightfulkidwhohadgreatrestraintwithherspendingandwaseconomicalaboutherlifestyle.Shedidntgoonspendingspreesbuyingnewshoes,andshedidntusehercreditcardasif(unlikeme)itwasafashionitem.Sheusedittobuyfood,tosurvive.21Andwhathappened?Shehadtodropoutofuniversity.,Text,.,13,22IwishtherewasahappyendingtoKellysstory,althoughmaybetherewillbe.Forthemoment,shesworkinginthelocalsupermarket,anditsprobablethatshellhaveanothergoatuniversitywhenshehaspaidoffherdebts.23Sothisiswhatthebanksdo.Theysettrapswhichappealtoourvanityandgreedandsometimestoourbasicneedforsurvival.AndthenwhenwefallintothetraptheyshoutGotyou!Didntyourealizeitwasatrap?,Text,.,14,24Andherewearetoday,caughtinthecreditcrunch,withworldeconomiesinfreefall,allbecausethewickedbankerssetustrapswhichwefellinto,attractinguswithendlesspublicityforloansofmoneywhicheventheydidnthave!Itnowappearstheywereborrowingontheirownflashygoldcreditcardstoo.25SoIhaveasolutiontothecreditcardtrap,andIwantallofyoutolistentomeverycarefully.,Text,.,15,26Iwantyoutolayoutallofyourcreditcardsinaline,takealargepairofscissorsandcutthemintosmallpieces.Thenputtheminanenvelopeandsendthemtoyourbank,withalettersaying(moreorless)Itrustedyouandyoudeceivedme.Youvegotthewholeworldintothisridiculouscreditcardtrap,andifInowcutyourcardsinhalf,andtakeawayyourpotentialtotemptmoneyawayfromhonestpeoplelikeme,maybeitwillbeyourturntolearnwhatitsliketorunoutofcash.,Text,.,16,27Asforme,Idontwantanymorecreditcards,nomorestatussymbols,nomorebadfeelingsaboutwishingIcouldshowhowsuperiorIamtoothers.ImnotgoingtoyearnanymoreforwhatIcannotaffordorcannothave.,Text,.,17,信用卡陷阱1有一件事我得坦白。几年前，我排队为家人取戏票时，我的朋友也在为她的家人取票。我拿到了票，用信用卡付了账，对这种非现金交易的便利感到很满意。然后就轮到她付款了，整个交易也进行得同样顺利，但我的高兴劲儿很快就变成了莫大的羞耻：我的信用卡太寒酸了，是不显示身份地位的深蓝色卡，而她的信用卡则是高级的金卡。,Text,.,18,2她是怎样弄到金卡的？怎么会这样呢？我知道我挣得比她多，我的车比她的车新，我的家比她的家漂亮，她怎么看起来显得比我光鲜呢？3我有一份跟那时候任何工作相比还算安定的工作虽然不是非常安定，不过我也没什么可抱怨的。我是通过按揭贷款买的房子，可那会儿谁买房不贷款呢？我每个月底都付清信用卡欠款。所以，虽然从技术上讲，我欠过信用卡公司的钱，但只是欠几个星期而已。所以我认为我的信用等级应该很高。,Text,.,19,4你可以说我肤浅，而我也并不感到自豪。但就在当时当地，我突然非常嫉妒那位朋友，我决定不要蓝色信用卡了，我要一张金卡。金卡突然变得不可或缺，它会让我自我感觉良好，会让别人觉得我更有魅力。5于是，我去信用卡公司申请最特别、最耀眼的金卡。6可是，我的申请被拒绝了。,Text,.,20,7过了几秒钟，我才从这个打击中回过神来，我问自己为什么被拒绝。显然，因为我每次都按时全额付清信用卡欠款，所以我不是他们想要的那种金卡客户。他们的目标客户是那些随时有购物刷卡的冲动、有潜在信用风险、经不住诱惑超支消费、并且经常延期还款的人。这样他们才有机会收取更多的利息，挣更多的钱，这就是他们的经营之道。,Text,.,21,8这能够解释为什么信用卡公司会用超低利率诱惑像我们家孩子那样的穷大学生吗?9三个星期前，我的二女儿回家过周末。她在读大一第二学期。和她的大多数朋友一样，她借了3,000英镑的学生贷款，并从她可怜的妈妈（哈！）那里得到一小笔补贴，用于支付交通费、书费和生活费用。她穿的衣服是从当地的慈善商店买来的，并且她平时也很少出门。她拥抱了我(她以前从不拥抱我)，然后说：“妈妈，我有事要跟您商量。”,Text,.,22,10“亲爱的，什么事啊？都说出来让我听听。”11“我申请了一张信用卡，需要保证人，我可以填您的名字吗?非常感谢，妈妈，我得赶快走啦，再见。”,Text,.,23,12我费了好大劲儿才把她从外面拽了回来。原来她的银行来信告诉她说：她可以申请一张试用期为三个月的、能够低息贷款的信用卡，只要满足要求如此云云。她的银行！我才不相信他们！他们甚至比我更清楚，我的女儿一贫如洗。13这里存在一个严重的问题：准确地说这种卡应该叫债务卡，他们为什么要称其为信用卡呢？,Text,.,24,14还有一个更为严肃的故事。我一个朋友的女儿凯丽在大学攻读现代语言，其中一年在国外留学。在留学那一年的某段时间，由于程序上的变动，凯丽的银行限制她在除英国之外的其他国家支取现金账户的资金。通过书信同银行交涉的时间相当长，而未能及时支取账户资金使她欠了银行的债，欠款额超过了透支额度（1,500英镑）200多英镑。,Text,.,25,15凯丽回国后，银行因为她超支扣了她100英镑，并坚持要她每月支付30英镑，以使她的支出能重新控制在透支额度之内。但银行没有告诉她，每月支付的30英镑并不是用来偿清欠款，而只是支付超额透支的巨额利息。16因此凯丽不得不求助于信用卡。在此之前她在用信用卡时一直非常小心谨慎，并且也很少用信用卡。由于她是学生，又很少用信用卡，她的信用额度自然就比较低。,Text,.,26,17毫不奇怪，她甚至无法偿还信用卡账单的最小还款额。所以她不仅欠银行手续费，而且还欠信用卡的账款及利息。当然，她因此被银行登记为信用风险高的人。,Text,.,27,18事情越来越糟。大学最后一年刚过几个月，银行就通知她：她的透支额度由1,500英镑减少到1,000英镑。他们让她申请学生贷款来填补缺口。可是，贷款公司检查她的银行信用时发现了她的信用卡欠款。19猜猜结果如何？她没有申请到学生贷款。,Text,.,28,20凯丽是个讨人喜欢的孩子，消费节制有度，生活节俭。她并没有疯狂刷卡买鞋子，也没有把信用卡当成时髦玩意儿（不像我），她只是用信用卡买食物等生活必需品。21结果怎样呢？她不得不退学。,Text,.,29,22我希望凯丽的故事会有个好的结局，也许会有好结局的。现在，她在当地的一家超市工作，等她还清债务后可能会继续完成大学学业。23这就是银行的所作所为。他们常常利用我们的虚荣和贪婪，有时也利用我们生存的基本需求给我们设下陷阱。等我们掉进陷阱时，他们就会大喊：“抓住你啦！你当初没想到这是个陷阱吧？”,Text,.,30,24这就是我们现在的处境。随着世界经济一落千丈，我们都处在信贷危机之中。所有这一切都是因为邪恶的银行家通过大量广告推销他们压根就不存在的贷款来吸引我们，给我们设圈套。现在真相大白了：他们也在用自己手中金光闪闪的金卡借钱！25我有一个破解信用卡圈套的办法，各位请仔细听。,Text,.,31,26我要你们把所有的信用卡排成一排，拿一把大剪子把它们剪成碎片，然后把碎片装进信封寄回给银行，并附上一封信，上面（或多或少地）写上：“我信任你，可你却欺骗了我。你让全世界的人都钻进了这个荒谬的信用卡圈套。我把你的卡剪成了两半，让你再也不能像骗我这样的老实人一样去骗其他人的钱了，也许该让你来体验一下身无分文的滋味了。”,Text,.,32,27至于我，我再也不想要信用卡了，也不要身份的象征了，也不用费心思去炫耀我比别人优越了。我再也不会奢望我买不起或我无法得到的东西了。,Text,.,33,Wordstoanacceptableextent相当，很；还算e.g.1.Sheseemedfairlyphilosophicalabouttheloss.她对所受损失似乎还算看得开。2.Shesfairlyresponsivetonewideas.她相当愿意接受新观念。3.Iwasfairlycertainshehadnothingtodowiththeaffair.我相当肯定她与此事无关。2)honestly;withjustice公平地；公正地e.g.Ithinkhewasquitefairlytreatedbythepolice.我认为警察对他非常公正。,Wordstheyonlymadethemthemoreglaringandthemorepathetic.金钱和漂亮衣服都不能弥补这些缺点，也不能把它们掩饰起来；反而使这些缺点更刺眼、更讨厌。2)ifsomeoneorsth.looksorsoundspathetic,youfeelsympathyforthem可怜的；令人同情的e.g.Itwaspathetictowatchherconditiondeterioratedaybyday.看着她的健康状况日益恶化，真是可怜。,Wordsdistinctivehandwritingiswritingyoudontconfusewithsomeoneelses.,Wordsadeficitinabankaccountcausedbydrawingmoremoneythantheaccountholds透支额；透支e.g.1.Youcanhavea$1000overdraftonthisaccount.这个帐户可以透支1000美金。2.Itakeoutanoverdrafttopayformynewcar.我用透支的钱买新车。3.Anoverdraftresultedwhena$1000chequewasdrawnagainstonly$900intheaccount.当账户上只有900美元时你支取1000美元，那就造成了透支。,Words&Phrases,.,69,omitvt.failtoincludesomeoneorsth.,eitherdeliberatelyorbecauseyouforget疏忽；省略；遗漏e.g.1.Illnotwishtoomitthisvaluablebookfrommyreading.我可不愿漏看这本有价值的书。2.Everydutywhichweomitobscuressometruthwhichweshouldhaveknown.每个忽略的责任里都隐含着我们应该明白的一些真理。Wordfamily:omissionn.Seealso:omittodosth.,Words&Phrases,.,70,exorbitanta.anexorbitantpriceoramountofmoneyismuchmorethanisreasonable（价格或金额）过高的，不合理的e.g.1.Thebiologistdecidedtotryoutthatexorbitantdevice.生物学家决定试用那套昂贵的设备。2.Thatseasidehotelchargesexorbitantpricesduringthesummerholidays.那家海滨旅馆在夏天休假期间漫天要价。Wordfamily:exorbitancen.,Words&Phrases,.,71,overspendn.&v.1)n.singanextraamountthatyoushouldnothavespent超支额e.g.AtthenextmeetingIintendtoaskthetreasurertoaccountpubliclyfortheoverspendonhisexpensesallowance.在下次会议上我想让会计当众解释他津贴支出的超额部分。2)v.spendmoremoneythanyoushouldormorethanyouintendedto（使）超支e.g.Theyareencouragedtooverspendandborrowmoney.有人鼓励他们超支和借款。,Words&Phrases,.,72,sensiblyad.inasensibleway合理地；明智地sensiblea.reasonable,practical,andshowinggoodjudgment明智的，合理的，实际的e.g.1.Theresalottobesaidforeatingsensibly.饮食合理的好处不胜枚举。2.Theysensiblyinvestedtheirprizemoneyratherthanspendingit.他们明智地把奖金用于投资而不是花掉。3.Sometimesturningtailistheonlysensiblethingtodo.有时出逃是唯一明智之举。Wordfamily:sensibilityn.,Words&Phrases,.,73,sparinglyad.insmallquantities少量地e.g.1.Thisexpensivespicewasusedonlysparinglyincooking.这种价格不菲的调味品仅在烹调时少量地使用。2.Ilivednearayearuponthemoney,spendingverysparingly,andekingthingsouttotheutmost.我就靠着这点钱，克勤克俭，七拼八凑地几乎过了一年。Wordfamily:sparinga.e.g.Wemustbesparingwithourresources.我们必须节约使用资源。,Words&Phrases,.,74,rmsomeoneofficiallyaboutsth.通知；告知；报告e.g.1.Theywillnotifyherwhentoappearincourt.他们将通知她何时出庭。2.AnyinfectiousdiseasemustbenotifiedatoncetotheHealthMinistry.出现任何传染性疾病都必须马上通知卫生部。Wordfamily:notificationn.,Words&Phrases,.,75,delightfula.verypleasantorattractive令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的；迷人的；漂亮的e.g.1.Thewindblewdelightfulodorsfromthepineforests.风从松林中吹来阵阵沁人的芳香。2.Peterplayedadelightfulmelodyonhisflute.彼得用笛子吹奏了一支欢快的曲子。3.Hewasamostdelightfulcompanion,fullofwitandhumour.他是一个很惹人喜爱的伴侣，十分机智幽默。Wordfamily:delightn.,Words&Phrases,.,76,restraintn.Uthelimitorcontroloftheexpressionofstrongemotionoropinion控制；抑制；克制e.g.1.Hisaffectionswerekeptundercontinualrestraint.他的感情一直受到压抑。2.Hegavehimselfuptoevilwithoutrestraint.他胡作非为，肆无忌惮。self-restraintn.Utheabilitytostopyourselfdoingorsayingsomething,eventhoughyouwantto,becauseitismoresensiblenottodoorsayit自我克制，自我约束e.g.TheUNappealedforbothsidestoexerciseself-restraint.,Words&Phrases,联合国呼吁双方要自我克制。,.,77,economicala.notcostingorspendingmuchmoney不浪费的；节约的e.g.1.Ihavetobuyamoreeconomicalstove.我得买一个更节省燃料的火炉。2.Theinventionofdieselenginesenabledtransportationtobecomemoreeconomical.柴油机的发明使交通运输更经济了。Cf.economica.relatingtotrade,industry,andthemanagementofmoney经济上的,Words&Phrases,.,78,Fillintheblankswitheconomical,economicallyoreconomic.1.Thecountryisinabad_state,sowemustreduceprofits.国家经济状况不佳，所以我们应减少利润。2.Torentahouseismore_thantobuyone.租房比买房更经济。3.Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmore_andenvironmentallysoundways.(CET4-2001-06)政府应通过更加节约和环保的供水方式来保护这一资源。,Words&Phrases,economic,economical,economically,.,79,spreen.Cashortperiodthatyouspenddoingaparticularactivity,especiallysth.enjoyablesuchasspendingmoneyordrinkingalcohol（尤指）狂欢作乐e.g.1.SherecentlywentonahugeshoppingspreewithherChristmasbonus.最近她拿着圣诞发的红包疯狂购物。2.Ourteamwentonascoringspreeandwonbytengoalstozero.我们的球队继续疯狂进球，以十比零取胜。,Words&Phrases,.,80,probablea.likelytohappenorbetrue很可能的；很可能发生的e.g.1.Theprobableoutcomeofthetalksisacompromise.会谈的结果很可能是妥协。2.Itisprobablethatshemightchangehermindatthelastminute.她大概会在最后时刻改变主意。Wordfamily:probabilityn.,Words&Phrases,.,81,vanityn.Uthefactofbeingtooproudofyourabilities,ortoointerestedinyourappearance自负；虚荣e.g.1.Hisvanitybroughthisdownfall.他因虚荣心太重而垮台。2.Hesnotonlyweakbutalsoadmiresvanity.他既软弱又爱慕虚荣。3.Thegirlsvanitysurprisedme.这个女孩子的虚荣心使我吃惊。vanitytable梳妆台,Words&Phrases,.,82,greedn.Uastrongwishtohavemoremoney,things,orpowerthanyouneed贪婪；贪心e.g.1.Doesnaturepunishmanforhisgreed?自然会惩罚人的贪婪吗？2.Themiserwasanincarnationofgreed.那个守财奴是贪婪的化身。Wordfamily:greedya.,Words&Phrases,.,83,crunchn.&vi.1)n.C(ususing)asituationthatisverydifficultbecauseyoudonothaveenoughofsth.,especiallytimeormoney（尤指缺乏时间或金钱的）危机，危急关头e.g.1.Hewascaughtinafinancialcrunch.他陷入财政危机。2.Whenitcomestothecrunchyouchickenout.一到紧要关头，你就退缩。2)vi.makeanoiselikesth.beingcrushed发出嘎吱嘎吱的响声e.g.Thefrozensnowcrunchedunderourfeet.冻结的雪踩上去嘎吱作响。,Words&Phrases,.,84,wickeda.1)morallywronganddeliberatelyintendingtohurtpeople缺德的；邪恶的e.g.Itiswickedtogivecurrencytolyingscandals.传播无根据的谣言是不道德的。2)slightlycruelbutnotintendingtoupsetpeople恶作剧的；捣蛋的e.g.Thelittleboyhadawickedtwinkleinhiseyes.这个男孩的眼睛里闪烁着调皮的光。,Words&Phrases,.,85,bankern.Csomeonewhohasanimportantpositioninabankorotherfinancialorganization银行家；银行高级职员e.g.1.Shewasthedaughterofaprosperousbanker.她是一个富有的银行家的女儿。2.Primarily,thebanker-customerrelationshipisthatofdebtorandcreditor.银行家与客户的关系主要是债务人与债权人的关系。,Words&Phrases,.,86,publicityn.Uattentioninmagazines,newspapers,ortelevision报道，宣传e.g.1.Thenewprojectgainedpublicitythroughpapers.这项新工程通过报纸得到广泛宣传。2.Theirmarriagetookplaceamidablazeofpublicity.他们的婚礼轰动一时。,Words&Phrases,.,87,flashya.veryfashionableorexpensiveinawaythatisdeliberatelyintendedtoimpresspeople华丽的；奢华的e.g.1.Becauseofthegrowingnumbersofrichindividuals,largehousesandflashycarsarenolongerasufficientdemonstrationofwealth.由于有钱人越来越多，豪宅名车已经不足以展示财富了。2.Hewasill-equippedtohandletheflashyshowmanshipofhisopponent.他根本没有办法应付对手华美无比的表演技巧。Seealso:flash.,Words&Phrases,.,88,deceivevt.tricksomeonebybehavinginadishonestway欺骗e.g.1.Nothingiseasierthantodeceiveoneself.再没有什么比欺骗自己更容易的了。2.Hedeceivedmeintosigningthepapers.他骗我在文件上签了字。Wordfamily:deceptionn.,Words&Phrases,.,89,yearnvi.(mainlyliterary)wantsth.alot,especiallysth.thatyouknowyoumaynotbeabletohave渴望；向往e.g.1.Iyearnforthingsthatexpandthesoulandnotthepocket.我渴望的是充实心灵而不是装满口袋。2.Mostoftheyoungyearntobebeyondtheirparentscontrol.大部分的年轻人都渴望脱离父母的控制。,Words&Phrases,.,90,infull:completely,includingthewholeofsth.全部地；足额地e.g.1.Thetuitionfeemustbepaidinfullbeforenextmonth.学费必须在下个月之前全额支付。2.Weshallreproducethishandbookinfull.我们将把这本手册完整地复制一份。3.Themessagereadsinfullasfollows.电报全文如下。,Words&Phrases,.,91,putdown:writesth.onapieceofpaper记下的姓名；登记e.g.1.LetmeputdownyourtelephonenumberlestIforgetit.让我先记下你的电话号码，以免忘了。2.Everythinghesaidwasputdownatonce.他说的话马上被记了下来。3.Pleaseputdownyournames,addressesandtelephonenumbershere.请把你们的姓名、住址和电话号码登记在这儿。,Words&Phrases,.,92,ittranspired(that):(fml)usedbeforeyoumentionafactoreventthatpeopledidnotknowabout得知；事情是这样的e.g.1.Ittranspiredthattheganghadhadacontactinsidethebank.情况是这样，这伙匪徒在银行里有内应。2.IttranspiredthatMr.Jameshadalreadyhiredanewsecretary.有消息说詹姆斯先生已经雇了一名新秘书。,Words&Phrases,.,93,into/outofthered:(infml)into/outofasituationinwhichyouarenotmakingenoughmoney亏欠/不再亏欠；有/没有赤字e.g.1.Hiswildextravaganceisrunninghisfamilyintothered.他毫无节制的铺张浪费使他的家庭陷入债务之中。2.Wehavetoproducenewproductstogetoutoftheredotherwisewewillgobankrupt.我们应该生产新产品来脱离赤字，否则我们就会破产了。,Words&Phrases,.,94,omittodosth.:(fml)failtodosth.thatwouldhavebeenhelpfulorhonest未做（本应有帮助或诚实的）某事e.g.1.ImsorryIomittedtomentionwhenhewasleaving.对不起，我忘了说他动身的时间了。2.Heomittedtotellthemanagingdirectorthathelostthedocument.他没有告诉总经理他弄丢了那些文件。,Words&Phrases,.,95,gofrombadtoworse:becomeevenmoreunpleasantordifficult越来越糟e.g.1.Theschoolshavegonefrombadtoworseinthisarea.这个地区的学校越来越糟了。2.Inthesecondhalfofthegame,thingswentfrombadtoworse.比赛的下半时情况越来越不利。3.Theserviceinthishotelgoesfrombadtoworse.这个旅店的服务每况愈下。,Words&Phrases,.,96,layout:1)spreadsth.out,ortoarrangethingssoyoucanseethemeasily展开；展示；铺开e.g.Wejuststartedtolayoutthepicnicandtheheavensopened.我们刚刚开始摆开野餐，天就下起倾盆大雨来了。2)arrangesth.accordingtoadetailedplan,forexampleroomsinabuilding,roadsinatown,orareasonapieceofland（根据设计图）布置房间、道路或一片土地等e.g.Itisthewayancientarchitectslayoutthingsinthegardensthatmakesthemunique.古代建筑师设计花园景物的方式使这些园林独一无二。,Words&Phrases,.,97,Mycreditcardwasafairlypathetic,status-freedarkblue,whereasherswasaveryexclusivegoldone.Mycreditcardwasquiteuselessinanannoyingway.Itwasdarkblueandordinary,anditdidnothaveanyparticularstatus.Herswasgoldandwaslimitedtoaparticulargroup.Sothewriterfeltinferiorandwantedagoldcreditcardtoo.我的信用卡太寒酸了，是不显示身份地位的深蓝色卡，而她的信用卡则是高级的金卡。,LanguagePoints,翻译：,.,98,Now,Ihadajobwhichwasassteadyasanyjobwasinthosedaysthatstosay,notvery,butyoukn