英语名词性从句及相应习题VIP

.,1,名词性从句NounClause,.,2,名词性从句nounclause,主语从句subjectclause,宾语从句objectclause,表语从句predicativeclause,同位语从句appositiveclause,.,3,我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。,MydreamisthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.,ThatIcanenterakeyuniversityismydream.,IhaveadreamthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.,IalwaysdreamthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.,表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,.,4,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idontthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(定从),(主从),.,5,引导名词性从句的关联词,.,6,不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.,.,7,主语从句,.,8,在复合句中作主语的从句.引导词有连词:that,whether;代词:who,what,which;副词:when,where,how,why等.,1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.),2.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.),.,9,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：,.,10,1.It+be+形容词that从句,Itisnecessary/important/obviousthat,2.It+be+-ed分词that从句,Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntousallthat众所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已经决定,.,11,3.It+be+名词that从句,Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat.令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是,4.It+不及物动词that从句,Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,.,12,另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary/important/natural/strangethatItissuggested/requested/proposed/desiredthat,.,13,Itisnecessarythatshe(should)takeacoupleofdaysofrest.Itisrequestedthatsomeimmediateeffort(should)bemade.Itissuggestedthateachstudent(should)singasonginEnglish.,.,14,主语从句中的“主谓一致”：,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,因此主句的谓语动词用单数形式.,Thattheywillcome_certain.,2.what引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.,Whathewants_thesebooks.Whathewants_somewater.,注意,is,are,is,.,15,3.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。,Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.,Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.,.,16,1)主语从句用陈述语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.,2)连接词that在从句中起连接作用,不作任何成分,但不能省略.,Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.,X,Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.,Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.,.,17,3)whether可引导主语从句译为“是否”,但if不能.,5)为避免主语冗长、头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Itiswellknown/reported/thought/said/thatItisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/thatItisapity/ashame/anhonour/that,WhetherwewillvisittheGreatWallhasnotbeendecided.,IthasnotbeendecidedwhetherwewillvisittheGreatWall.,.,18,1_intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.(2005上海)A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresCItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.TheForeignMinistersaid,“_ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2006北京)A.ThisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis3.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(2004上海)A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how,Exercises,.,19,宾语从句,.,20,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。,1.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.,2.Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.,3.Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.,(作动词的宾语),(作介词的宾语),(作形容词的宾语),.,21,1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingandthatothersaregoodinnothing.,.,22,注:在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等的动词后，宾语从句用“（should）+动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。,.,23,2.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句，注意句子语序要用陈述语序。,Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.,Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.,Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelphersinceresupport.,.,24,3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句用whether或if引导的宾语从句其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：,.,25,只能用whether不能用if的情况,1.在介词后面：Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.2.在动词不定式前：Theyaskedmewhethertositatthefront.,.,26,3.当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时:Idontknowwhetherhesfreeornot.Tellmewhetheryoudliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.宾语从句提前，在句首时：Whetherthisistrue,Icantsay.,.,27,5.引导表语从句、同位语从句、主语从：Whetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.Thequestionwaswhetherhewenttherelastnight.,.,28,(4)用if不用whether的情况:,1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时：HeaskedmeifIhadntfinishedmyhomework.2.引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”时:Wellgohikingifitdoesntraintomorrow.,.,29,宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”,若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，例如：,Hetoldmethathe_hisjob.,时态呼应,否定转移,我认为他不会来这里.,Ithinkhewontcomehere.()Idontthinkhewillcomehere.(),hadfinished,注意,.,30,4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据句子自身的情况，而使用不同时态。例如：Iknow(that)hestudiesEnglisheveryday.Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.Iknow(that)hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.,.,31,当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：,TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica,.,32,doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。besure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if引导的名词性从句。,Wedoubt=Iamnotsurewhether/ifhecanwinthegame.,Idontdoubt=Iamsurethathewillwinthegame.,.,33,宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.,如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.,.,34,1.Hehasmade_clear_hewillnotgivein.2.Theytook_forgranted_youknewthefact.,it,that,it,that,3.Heisagoodstudentexcept_heiscareless.4.Iknownothingabouthimexcept_youtoldme.5.Heusuallywalkstoschoolexcept_itrains.,what,when,that,.,35,表语从句,.,36,在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,1.问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了.,Theproblemis_,Thisis_.,Itlooks_.,thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.,howHenrysolvedtheproblem,asifitisgoingtorain,.,37,1.Thisis_ourproblemlies.2.Tomorrowis_itwouldbethemostconvenient.3.Thereason_hedidntcomeis_hewasill.4.Hewasill.Ithinkthatis_hedidntcome.5.Thequestionis_hewillbehereontime.,where,when,why,that,why,whether,.,38,同位语从句,.,39,同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,belief,truth等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词that不能省；少数情况下也可用连接副词.,同位语从句修饰的名词fact,news,idea,promise,faith,question,problem,doubt,fear,hope,order,belief,thought,reply,truth,suggestion,advice,proposal,.,40,1.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.2.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.4.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.,.,41,一、同位语从句与定语从句相似之处,1、两种从句都可以译成定语,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。,.,42,2、两种从句都可以用that引导,Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.（定语从句+表语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。,.,43,二、同位语从句与定语从句不同之处,1.从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步解释说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰限定前面的名词。,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的而非来自其他渠道，但消息是何内容却不得而知）,.,44,2.引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个连词，不充当任何成分,但不能省略；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeaCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.（that不充当任何成分）2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedme.（that指代promise，在从句中充当主语。）,.,45,Tellthedifference,1.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.,3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.,.,46,Exercises,1.Dorissuccessliesinthefact_sheiscooperativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(2010上海春季)A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why2.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?(2005辽宁)A.thatB.whatc.asD.which3.Thereisafeelinginme_wellneverknowwhataUFOisnotever.(2002上海)A.thatB.whichc.ofwhichD.what,.,47,Exercises,.,48,1.Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey2.Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput3.SomeoneisringingMary.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis,B,C,I.语序问题,考点归纳,D,.,49,II.用if或whether填空,1.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.2.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.3.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.4._theycandoitmatterslittletous.5._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou.,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用_，不能用if；b.后面紧跟ornot时,用_.,whether,whether,.,50,III.that与whether/if的选择：,(1)_knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.A.WhatB.WhereC.IfD.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.when(3)Idoubt_hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_hewillcomesoon.,D,C,whether/if,that,表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用_,whether/if,that,.,51,1._Icantunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2._theearthisroundisknowntousall.3._hewontheracewas_weexpected.,that:,what:,_只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义,_起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，表示“所的”。,That,What,That,what,归纳,.that,what引导名词性从句的区别,.,52,v.whatwhichwhyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because,C,C,D,Consolidation:,.,58,4._Icantunderstandis_shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif6.Itisknowntous_wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that,D,A,B,.,59,7.Ihavetheinformation_.A.ofwhathellcomesoonB.thathellcomesoonC.ofthathellcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon8.-Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.-_itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak,B,A,.,60,9.Itremainsaquestion_wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what10.-CanIhelpyou?-Yes,doyouknow_?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes,A,D,.,61,11.Hemadeapromise_anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif12.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand_mademattersworsewas_nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what,A,D,.,62,13.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.ThatC.theseD.them14.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how15.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.（MET92）AwhileB.thatCifDfor,A,B,B,.,63,II.Choosethebestanswer,1.Theyexpressedthehope_theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact_hedidntseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea_hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that,.,64,II.Choosethebestanswer,4.Thenews_surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome_someAmericangue