英语教学法Teaching_vocabulary

.,1,TeachingVocabulary,.,2,“Ifthereisnogrammar,peoplecanonlyexpresssomething;butifthereisnovocabulary,peoplecanexpressnothing.”,Wilkins,.,3,Inthissession,wearegoingtoexplore:1.Whatisvocabulary?2.Factorsaffectingvocabularyacquisition;3.Whatneedstobetaught?4.Methodsforpresentingnewvocabularyitems;5.Waystoconsolidatevocabulary;6.Waystohelpstudentsdevelopvocabularybuildingstrategies,MajorTopics,.,4,Discussion:Whatdoesknowingawordinvolve?,.,5,Ifwesaythatweknowaword,wemustbeableto:-recognizeitinwrittenandspokenforms;-recallitatonce;-relateittoappropriateobjectorconcept;-useitinappropriategrammaticalforms;-useitincorrectcollocation;-useitatappropriatelevelofformality;-pronounceitinarecognizableway;-spellitcorrectly;-beawareofitsconnotation.,.,6,Wordgrammar:theunderlyingformofawordandthederivativesthatcanbemadefromit-regularandirregularforms-theknowledgeofwordbuildingPronunciation-therelationshipofsoundandspelling-sound-spellingpatterns-stresspatterns,Wordsandtheirforms,.,7,Denotativemeaning(Conceptualmeaning):-polysemy:headofaperson,headofapin,headofanorganization-homonymy:file(adeviceusedforkeepingpapers;atoolforcuttingorsmoothinghardsubstances)Connotativemeaning(Affectivemeaning):-dogfriendship,loyalty-spinstervs.singlewoman,Wordsandtheirmeanings,.,8,Style:levelofformality,aswellasstylessuchashumorous,ironic,literary,etc.e.g.similarinconceptualmeaningbutdifferinstyle-children:neutral-offspring:formal,sometimeshumorous-nippers:colloquial,oftenhumorous-kids:colloquial,WordsandtheirUse,Whatstheproblemwiththefollowingsentence:Thereisntsufficientmilkforbreakfast.,Correctinform,notsoinstyle,.,9,Register:varietiesoflanguagedefinedbytheirtopicandcontextofuse,forexample,thelanguageofmedicine,education,law,computer,etc.-minor:thelegaltermfor“child”-cardiacarrest:themedicaltermfor“heartattack”Dialect:differenceingeographicalvariation-sidewalk(US)=pavement(UK)Collocation:whatwordsaremostlikelytooccurtogether,.,10,Senserelations:-synonymy-antonymy-(non-gradable)complementaryopposites:male-female-gradableopposites:large-small-differentoppositesindifferentcontext:lightbag-heavybag;lightwind-strongwind;lightcolor-darkcolor-hyponymy-incompatibles:spring,summer,autumn,winter-part-wholerelation:face:forehead.eyebrow,eyelash,nose,mouth,etc.,.,11,Form:-pronunciationandspelling-grammar-WordformationAspectsofmeaning-denotation,connotation,-meaningrelationshipsUse:-Collocation-appropriateness,Whatneedstobetaught?,.,12,Factorsaffectingvocabularyacquisition,frequency,pronunciation,contextualization,input,storage,depthofprocessing,buildingnetworks,.,13,free,自由,free,自由,free自由,L2,L1,SeparateL1andL2stores,L2,L2,L2,L1,L1,L1,+,L2storedependentonL1store,OverlappingL1andL2stores,SingleL1andL2store,自由,HowdowestoreL1&L2inthebrain?,free,.,14,TeacherA:a)wrote“grumble”ontheblackboardb)said“complainaboutsomeoneorsomethinginanannoyedway”c)translatedthewordintothestudentsnativelanguage.d)gavemoreexamplesentencesforthestudentstotranslateintotheirnativelanguage.,Howdoyourteachersusuallyteachvocabularyintheclass?,TeacherB:said“somepeoplegrumbleabouteverything.Forexample,theygrumbleabouttheweather.Ifitissunny,theysayitistoohot.Ifitiscool,theysayitistoocold.Theyareneverhappywiththeweather”.Thentheteachersetouttocheckthestudentsunderstandingbyasking“sowhatdoesgrumblemean?”,.,15,-concisedefinition-detaileddescription-examples(hyponyms)-illustration(picture,object)-demonstration(acting,mime)-context(storyorsentence)-synonyms-antonyms-translation-associatedideas,collocations,Presentingnewwords,Whatkindoftechniquesdoestheteacheruseinpresentingnewwords?,.,16,Practice:Trytopresentthefollowingwords,mushroom,shove,earrings,newspaper,dependent,dance,expensive,congratulations,picture,scream,president,teenager,.,17,Waystopresentvocabulary,1.Presentingvocabulariesbystickdrawings,models,slides,films,videotapes,radiosandTVs.,.,18,.,19,.,20,2.CreatingaMonsterIfteachingbodylanguages,youcanuse-,Basicbuildingblocks,.,21,Redhairandgreenfur.Amonstrouswardrobe.,.,22,Doyouknowwhereyourmonsteris?,Fiveeyesandtwofangs.Twoclaws.,.,23,Whatyouchoosewilldependontheitemyouarepresenting.Somearemoresuitableforparticularwords.Oftenacombinationoftechniquescanbebothhelpfulandmemorable.,.,24,Consolidatingvocabulary,LabelingSpottingthedifferenceDescribinganddrawingPlayingagameUsingwordseriesWordbingoWordassociationOddoneoutSynonymsandantonymsUsingwordcategoriesUsingwordnet-work,.,25,Completethequestionnairebelowbychoosingthecorrectpreposition.Thenusethequestionnairetointerviewyourpartner.1.Inyourfamily,whoisusuallythefirstpersontoturnto/ontheTVwhenyougethome?2Whatprogrammesmakeyouwanttoturnoff/overtoanotherchannel?3.DoyoueverturnthevolumeoftheTVup/offordown?Why?4.Ifsomebodyturnsup/onatyourhouse,doyouturntheTVover/offordoyouleaveiton?,Example1:Usingquestionnaire,.,26,Example2:usingwordnetwork,Politics,Politics,Parliament,1)Chooseatopic,forexamplepolitics.Writeitinthemiddleofablanksheetofpaper.,2)Whatisthefirstwordthatcomesintoyourmindwhichisconnectedwithit?Writethewordandjoinittothefirstword.,3)Continueinthisway,addingnewwordsasyouthinkofthem.,.,27,Politics,Politician,Houseofcommons,lobby,Policy,Leftwing,Pollingstation,Tovote,Ballotbox,election,Parliament,scandal,Primeminister,Houseoflords,constituency,Memberofparliament,Politicalparties,Rightwing,.,28,打电话call/phonesb.givesb.aringringsb.upmakeacall,拨电话dialanumber,电话占线busy/engaged,重拨电话redial,接通电话getthrough,接电话answerthephone,别挂电话hangon,挂断电话hangup/ringoff,回电话call/ringback,.,29,Example3:Wordgamesorpuzzles,Eachstudentchoosesaletterofthealphabetandfillsinthefollowingtextwithwordsbeginningwiththeletter.,Iknowa(n)(adj.)manwhosenameis(mansname).Helivesin(country).Heisa(n)(job).Helikes(v.)ing.Heeats(food)andhedrinks(drink).Hehasa(n)(animal).,Hereisacompleteexamplewiththeletter“B”.,Iknowa(n)badmanwhosenameisBrian.HelivesinBritain.Heisa(n)butcher.Helikesbowling.Heeatsbeefandhedrinksbeer.Hehasa(n)bear.,.,30,Example4:Worddistinction,Listalltheplacesyoucanthinkofinwhichpeoplelive,andthenfillinthefollowingtable:,.,31,Formoreideasofteachingvocabulary,visitthefollowingwebsite:.uk/try/vocabtry/vocab_activities.shtml,.,32,Developingvocabularybuildingstrategies,ReviewregularlyGuessmeaningfromthecontextUselearnedvocabularyOrganizevocabulary,.,33,记忆英语单词方法20种,1.逻辑记忆：通过词本身内部逻辑关系，词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。1)把几个字母看作一个来记，如：ightlight,right,fight,night,sight,tight2)外旧内新，如：bridge“桥”看成b+ridgeridge,“山脊”sharp看成s+harp“竖琴。3)外新内旧，如：cleave“劈开”看成c+leave,tact机智：看成t+act,.,34,2联想记忆：1)音与形的联想，即根据读音规则记忆单词。2)形与义的联想。如：eye把两个e看成两个眼；banana把a看成一个个的香蕉；bird把b和d看成两个翅膀。3)象声词，联想实际的声音。如：gong锣coo咕咕声。,.,35,3.构词记忆：利用构词法，通过分析词根、前缀、后缀、派生和合成等记忆单词。4.分类记忆：把单词进行分门类如：动物，植物等，进行分类记忆。你可以找一本分类字典作为参考。5.卡片记忆：自制单词卡片随时随地记单词，卡片写上单词的词形、词性、词义、音标、搭配、例句等。,.,36,6.词典记忆：这是一种强行记忆的方法。它的缺点是容易忘记，只是孤立记住单词的意义。可以作为一种短时间的强化手段。7.比较记忆：1)英汉比较如：mama,cigar,beer,bar,fee等。2)单复数的比较如：good-goods,spirit-spiritswood-woods3)同音词的比较如：right-write,eye-I4)词的阴阳性的比较如：actor-actresshost-hostess,.,37,8.理解记忆：通过正确理解单词的本义、引申义和比喻义等,如：second是“秒”，它来源于古代的六分法，分，秒，它是二次划分，因此second也是“第二”，进一步引申，还可理解为“辅助”用这种方法特别适合那些一词多义的词。,.,38,9.联系记忆：记忆单词最好不要孤立地记，尽可能地和有关的东西联系来记。1)联系所学的文章大概意义，联系上下文。2)联系短语和搭配10.感官记忆：记单词时，不要只用一种感官，尽可能地用多个感官，耳听、嘴