英语词性变化

.,1,三种动词形式变化（即原形，过去式，过去分词）一致的,cast-cast-castcost-cost-costcut-cut-cuthit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtlet-let-letput-put-putset-set-setshut-shut-shut,broadcast-broadcast-broadcastbet-bet-betburst-burst-burstrid-rid-ridspread-spread-spreadread-read-readspit-spit-spit(spat-spat),.,2,省略原形动词中两个相同的字母中的其中一个,然后在词尾叫-t,weep-wept-wept（流泪,哭泣）sleep-slept-sleptsweep-swept-swept（扫除,席卷）feel-felt-feltkneel-knelt-kneltsmell-smelt-smeltdwell-dwelt-dwelt（居住，停留）spell-spelt-speltspill-spilt-spilt（溢出,洒,使.流出）,这一类动词也有一个特点，那就是有字母组合-ee或者ll；同样的，也并不是说有这样的字母组合的不规则动词都是这样的变形了。flee-fled-fled,也基本符合这个规则，我们把它归入此类，不过它的过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d,.,3,省略原形动词中两个相同字母中的其中一个，,speed-sped-spedfeed-fed-fedbleed-bled-bledmeet-met-metshoot-shot-shotlead-led-ledmislead-misled-misled,这类动词也是以字母-d或者-t结尾，中间的字母组合多数是-ee，当然这里把shoot和lead作为这一类归纳进去了。,.,4,把原形动词的最后一个字母-d改成-t,send-sent-sentlend-lent-lentbend-bent-bentspend-spent-spentbuild-built-built,这类动词的规则当然必须是以字母-d结尾的了。多数是-end这样的结尾。这里把build也归入了这一类了。而tend和mend属于规则变化的动词,.,5,有-ow,-aw,这些字母组合的动词，过去式中把这些组合改成-ew，过去分词在动词原形上再加字母-n,blow-blew-blowngrow-grew-grownknow-knew-knownthrow-threw-throwndraw-drew-drawnwithdraw-withdrew-withdrawn,这里特别要提醒同学们注意的是，flewflown并不是动词flow的过去式和过去分词，而是动词fly的过去式和过去分词，而动词flow是一个规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是flowed-flowed:fly-flew-flownflow-flowed-flowed,.,6,另外，有-ow字母组合的动词slow也是规则变化。另一些的有-ow,-ew字母组合的不规则动词变化是过去式加-ed，过去分词在原形动词的基础上加-n,例如：show-showed-shownsow-sowed-sown（播种,散布）mow-mowed-mown（割草,扫射,）sew-sewed-sewn,.,7,含有字母组合-ind的动词，在过去式和过去分词中都变成-ound,find-found-foundwind-wound-wound,当然，这一类动词中也有一些例外，比如，mind就是一个规则变化的动词。,.,8,有字母组合-in或者-ing或者-ink的动词，过去式把字母-i变成-a，过去分词中把-i变成-u,begin-began-begunsing-sang-sungring-rang-rungspring-sprang-sprung（弹起，弹出,）sink-sank-sunkdrink-drank-drunkswim-swam-swum,此外，以-ing结尾的不规则动词，还有一种变化方式是将字母-i改成-u，过去式和过去分词一致,例如：sting-stung-stungswing-swung-swung,.,9,不规则动词以-m,-n,-l,-r结尾的，过去式和过去分词在原形动词词尾加-t或者-d,mean-meant-meantleanleant-leantlearn-learnt-learntdream-dreamt-dreamtburn-burnt-burntdeal-dealt-dealtspoil-spoilt-spoilthear-heard-heard,.,10,过去式和过去分词都有-ought的,think-thought-thoughtfight-fought-foughtbuy-bought-boughtbring-brought-broughtseek-sought-sought,另外有两个动词，原形动词以-ch结尾的，过去式和过去分词都有-aught的,我们也把它们归入了此类teach-taught-taughtcatch-caught-caught,.,11,动词以元音字母-i加辅音字母加不发音的-e结尾的，一般是在过去式中将字母改成-o，过去分词在原形动词基础上加-n,或者双写这个辅音字母再加-n,arise-arose-arisenrise-rose-risenride-rode-riddenwrite-wrote-writtendrive-drove-drivenstrive-strove-strivengive-gave-given,另一种情况是，过去分词中去掉这个不发音的-e，然后过去分词双写这个辅音字母再加-n的，例如：hide-hid-hiddenbite-bit-bitten,.,12,有-ea或者-ee或者-oo的字母组合的不规则动词，过去式是将这个字母组合改成-o，然后在词尾加-e，过去分词是在过去式的基础上再加-n,例如：,break-broke-brokenspeak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolenweave-wove-woven（编织,组合,编排）freeze-froze-frozenchoose-chose-chosenwake-woke-wokenawake-awoke-awoken,.,13,动词原形中有字母组合-ay的，过去式和过去分词改成-aid,例如：,say-said-saidpay-paid-paidlay-laid-laid,.,14,变动动词原形中的元音字母的,win-won-wondig-dug-dugstick-stuck-stuckhang-hung-hung(悬挂)hang-hanged-hanged(绞死)hold-held-heldsit-sat-satspit-spat-spatshine-shone-shone,.,15,另外还有一些都有相同的字母组合，变化相同的，因为例子较少，我们把它们列在一起，作为一组一组来记忆。,shake-shook-shakentake-took-takenmistake-mistook-mistakenwear-wore-wornbear-bore-borntear-tore-tornswear-swore-sworn（发誓,宣誓,咒骂）sell-sold-soldtell-told-told(例外的动词fear,hear等),overcome-overcame-overcomeget-got-gottenforget-forgot-forgottenundertake-undertook-undertaken,.,16,+un变反义,believable/acceptable/lock/load/necessary/comfortable/popular/fairLikely/lucky/pleasantreasonable/friendly/happy/healthy/Easy/tidy/packFamiliar/aware/selfish/willing/sure/certain/fortunate/usual/common/wise/kind/fold,.,17,+y,difficult/honest/guiltdeliver/discover/recover,.,18,动词后加ment构成的名词,judge/achieve/adjust/agree/amaze/amuse/announce/appoint/arrange/astonish/develop/disappoint/embarrass/encourage/enjoyequip/excite/govern/improve/manage/punish/replace/require/retire/employ/move/settle/treataccomplish/advertise,.,19,以de结尾的动词改de为sion构成的名词,concludeexplodeinclude,.,20,+ence变名词,exist/depend/persist,.,21,形容词后加ize构成的动词,summarizemodernizegeneralizespecializesymbolizeharmonize,.,22,加al的形容词,nature-naturalagriculture-agriculturalarchitecturearchitecturalglobe-globalCulture-culturalcondition-conditionalcentre-centralpractice-practicalofficeoffcialfinance-financialorigin-originaleducation-educationalenvironmentenvironmentaltraditiontraditionalcoast-coastal,.,23,以ic结尾的形容词,athlete-athleticadventure-adventuroushistory-historic(al)/botany-botanicalhero-heroic(al),.,24,以able结尾的形容词,accept-acceptableavoid-avoidable-unavoidablefavourfavourable-unfavorablebear-bearable-unbearable,.,25,加ly构成的形容词,month-monthlyman-manlyfriend-friendly,.,26,加ous构成的形容词,poison-poisonousfame-famouscourage-courageousdanger-dangerousmountain-mountainoushumour-humourous,.,27,加y构成的形容词,wealth-wealthymess-messysnow-snowystormstormythirst-thirstyhealth-healthywind-windyblood-bloodycloud-cloudyluck-lucky,.,28,二、高考英语完形填空重点词组必背150条,acceptas承认是；接受为accountfor解释,说明accusesb.ofsth.控告(某人某事)achieveonesaim实现目标adaptoneselfto使自己适应于addressoneselfto从事于；忙着做，着手amountto总共达到；实际上是answerfor对负责任applyoneselfto致力于approveof赞同；赞许arguewithsb.aboutsth因和某人争执,assistindoingsth.协助某人做.associate.with.使发生联系；使联合assuresb.ofsth.使(某人)确信(某事)attachimportanceto认为重要backup支持beabsorbedin专心致力于beaccustomedto习惯于beaddictedto沉溺于；使吸毒成瘾bebeneficialto有利于，有益于bebetteroff境况富裕；更富有beboundto一定会，必然,.,29,beburdenedwith.使负重担becapableof有做出(某事)倾向的becarefulwith对小心认真becaughtin(arain;atrafficjam;theearthquake)偶然遇上（雨，堵塞,地震等）becomposedof由组成beconcernedwith关心，挂念；从事于becrazyabout对着迷becrosswithsb.atsth.因某事和.发脾气,becuriousabout对感到好奇bedeaftosth.对充耳不闻bedeterminedtodosth决意/决心做某事beeagerforsth.渴求某事物befedupwith对感到厌烦，腻了bejealousofsb嫉妒某人bekeenon喜爱,渴望belocatedin位于，坐落在,.,30,bemarkedwith被标上记号beoccupiedin忙于，正从事bestrictwithsb.insth.对要求严格breakup驱散,学校的放学burstintotears突然哭起来calloff取消(计划,比赛)carry/do/makeanexperiment做实验crossout删去,取消carryon继续,坚持下去;从事,经营carryout进行到底,贯彻执行catchsightof发现，看到，突然看见comeacross偶然发现,偶然遇到clearup解释,澄清;整理,收拾;天气变晴comeintoeffect开始生效，开始实行,comeintooperation施行生效；开始工作comeout出现,显露;出版,发表;结果是commenton评论，批评，解释competefor为而竞争congratulatesb.onsth.祝贺某人contributeto有助于，促成counton依靠,指望cutshort中断,打断deliveraspeech发表（演说等）devoteoneselfto献身于；致力于disposeof除掉；干掉；卖掉dropout退出,退学,弃权,放弃,.,31,figureout计算出；估计；理解forgivesb.forsth.原谅某人(做了)某事gain/haveanadvantageover胜过,优于getinaword插话getintothehabitof养成的习惯getthrough接通电话;完成;通过(如考试);花光金钱等,克服困难,解决问题giveriseto引起,导致goallouttodosth全力以赴去做某事goaround分配,传播,传开haveagiftformusic有音乐天分haveagoodknowledgeof对很熟悉,haveaccessto接近（或进入）的方法havedifficulty/troubleindoingsth做某事有困难havehighhopeforsb.对某人抱很大希望keepaneyeon照看；留意havenomercyonsb.对一点儿也不怜悯interferewith妨碍；打扰keepaneyeon照看，留意keepcompanywith和交往keepintouch保持联系keeptrackof记录；掌握的线索；保持对的联系,.,32,knockintosb撞到某人身上;偶然遇到knockout击倒,击昏laydownoneslifefor为献出生命layemphasisonsth强调leaveout删掉lookdownon/uponsb轻视某人lookintosth调查,了解某事,浏览(书报)lookuptosb尊敬某人loseheart泄气；灰心loseonestemper发怒,发脾气makeadifference有影响，有关系makeagoodimpressiononsb.给某人留下好印象,makeadifference有影响,很重要makeanannouncement通知makecertain弄清楚makecontactwithsb与某人联络makeeffortstodosth.努力做某事makeendsmeet量入而出；使收支相抵makethebestof充分利用(时间等)makethemostof充分利用；极为重视makeupfor补偿,弥补makeuponesmind决定,下决心,.,33,makewonders创造奇迹meetthedeman