全新版大学英语综合教程4 电子教案 Unit2

BR_main,ListeningComprehension,Warm-upQuestions,BackgroundInformation,BR_AnEnglishSong_main,ListeningComprehension,ThinkingBeforeListening,ThinkingWhileListening,ListeningandSpeaking,BR_AnEnglishSong_main,BackgroundInformation,AutomobileIndustry,GlobalPositioningSystem,IntelligentTransportationSystem,BR_ThinkingBeforeListening,ThinkingBeforeListening,Thetitleofthepassageyouaregoingtolistentois“CarsoftheFuture”.Writedownthreequestionsaboutcarsofthefuture.,BR_ThinkingWhileListening,ThinkingWhileListening,ListentothepassageandfindoutifitanswersthequestionsyouaskedinExercise1.,Whatkindofcarwillwebedrivingin2010?Ratherdifferentfromthetypeweknowtoday,withthenext20yearsbringinggreaterchangethanthepast50.Theirvisionisofamachinewiththreewheelsinsteadoffour,electricallypowered,environmentallyclean,andabletodriveitselfalong“intelligent”roadsequippedwithbuilt-inpowersuppliers.Futurecarswillpickuptheirfuelduringlongjourneysfromapowersourcebuiltintotheroad,orstoreitinsmallquantitiesfortravelinginthecity.Insteadoftodaysseatingarrangementstwoinfront,twoorthreebehind,allfacingforwardthe2010carwillhaveaversatileinteriorwithadultsandchildreninafamilycircle.,BR_ThinkingWhileListening1,Thisviewofthefuturecarisbasedonamuchmoresophisticatedroadsystem,withstripsbuiltintomotorwaystosupplypowertovehiclespassingalongthem.Carswillnotneeddrivers,becausecomputerswillprovidesafedrivingcontrolandroutefinding.Allthedriverwillhavetodoissaywheretogoandthecomputerwilldotherest.Itwillbecomeimpossibleforcarstocrashintooneanother.Thetechnologyalreadyexistsforthecartobecomeatrueautomobile.,BR_ThinkingWhileListening2,cleandriving:electricallypowered,environmentallycleansafedriving:controlledbycomputermorecomfortable:aversatileinteriorwiththeadultsandchildreninafamilycircle,BR_ListeningandSpeaking,ListeningandSpeaking,Listentothepassageagainandsaywhatchangeswillmakedriving:,cleaner?safer?morecomfortable?,Tips:,BR_Warm-upQuestions1,Warm-upQuestions,Whatdoyouthinkisthemostprofitableandpowerfulindustryofthe20thcentury,computer,automobile,petroleumorairplane?2.Whatdoyouthinkwillbethemostprofitableandpowerfulindustryinthe21stcentury,communication,astronautics,biologyorconstruction?3.Whatisthegreatestinventionintheworldsofar?,BR_Warm-upQuestions2,4.Ifyoucouldaffordacar,wouldyoubuyone?Whichbrandwouldyouliketohave?,BR_AutomobileIndustry1,AutomobileIndustry,Theautomobileindustryisoneofthemostimportantindustriesintheworld,affectingnotonlyeconomiesbutalsocultures.Itprovidesjobsformillionsofpeople,generatesbillionsofdollarsinworldwiderevenues,andprovidesthebasisforamultitudeofrelatedserviceandsupportindustries.Automobilesrevolutionizedtransportationinthe20thcentury,changingforeverthewaypeoplelive,travel,anddobusiness.Between1886and1898,about300automobileswerebuilt,buttherewasnorealestablishedindustry.,Acenturylater,withautomakersandautobuyersexpandingglobally,automakingbecametheworldslargestmanufacturingactivity,withmorethan53millionnewvehiclesbuilteachyearworldwide.Automobilemanufacturersareamongthelargestcompaniesintheworld.Thesecorporationsareoftenmultinational.Thesecompaniesoftenshareparts,orusepartsmadeinforeignfactories.TheU.S.automobileindustryproduced16.8millionvehiclesin1999.ThethreemajorautomobilemanufacturersintheUnitedStatesGeneralMotorsCorporation,FordMotorCompany,andDaimlerChryslerAGprovidethreefourthsoftheindustrystotaldirectemploymentintheUnitedStates.,BR_AutomobileIndustry2,BR_GlobalPositioningSystem1,GlobalPositioningSystem,GlobalPositioningSystemisaspace-basedradio-navigationsystem,consistingof24satellitesandgroundsupport.GPSprovidesuserswithaccurateinformationabouttheirpositionandvelocity,aswellasthetime,anywhereintheworldandinallweatherconditions.GPSdetermineslocationbycomputingthedifferencebetweenthetimethatasignalissentandthetimeitisreceived.GPSsatellitescarryatomicclocksthatprovideextremelyaccuratetime.,AsofMarch1994,24GPSsatelliteswereinoperation.Replenishment(补给)satellitesarereadyforlaunch,and,contractshavebeenawardedtoprovidesatellitesintothe21stcentury.GPSapplicationscontinuetogrowinland,sea,air,andspacenavigation.TheabilitytoenhancesafetyandtodecreasefuelconsumptionwillmakeGPSanimportantcomponentoftravelintheinternationalairspacesystem.AirplaneswilluseGPSforlandingatfogbound(为浓雾所困的)airports.AutomobileswilluseGPSaspartofintelligenttransportationsystems.EmergingtechnologieswillenableGPStodeterminenotonlythepositionofavehiclebutalsoitsaltitude.,BR_GlobalPositioningSystem2,problems.Forexample,usingadvancedsurveillance(监视)systems,theearlystagesofatrafficbottlenecksituationcanbedetected,andtrafficcanthenbedirectedtootherroutestomitigate(减轻)thecongestionandtoprovidefasterandmoreefficientroutesfortravelers.Newtechnologiesenablethistypeofsurveillanceandguidance,BR_IntelligentTransportationSystem1,IntelligentTransportationSystem,IntelligentTransportationSystems(ITS)referstotransportationsystemswhichapplyemerginghardandsoftinformationsystemstechnologiestoaddressandalleviate(缓解)transportationcongestion,responsetooccurinrealtime,andtherefore,toallowpotentialcongestionsituationstobeaddressedbeforetheydevelopintoserioustrafficjams.,BR_IntelligentTransportationSystem2,GR_main,PartDivisionoftheText,FurtherUnderstanding,TrueorFalse,GR_FurtherUnderstanding,FurtherUnderstanding,TextAnalysis,LanguageFocus,AnswertheQuestions,GR_TrueorFalse1,TrueorFalse,1.Therearesomanypeoplekilledinthecaraccidentsthatcaraccidentsreportscanbefoundinnewspapernearlyeveryday.,F,Thenumberofpeoplethatarekilledorbadlyinjuredincaraccidentsissovastthatwedontevenbothertomentiontheminthenewspaperanymore.,(),ScanTextAanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.,2.Asmartcarcanalertthedriverifhebecomesdrowsy.,T,(),GR_TrueorFalse2,3.Thecomputerinthecarwilltotallyeliminatethecasesofgettinglostandgettingstuckintraffic.,F,Thecomputercanhaveapositiveimpactontheseproblems,butitisunlikelytocurethem.,(),GR_TrueorFalse3,4.Thecomputerinthecarsendsoutaradiosignalthatcanbedetectedbyasatellite.,F,Thesatellitesendsoutaradiosignalthatcanbedetectedbyareceiverinacarscomputer.,(),5.Byestablishingtherelationbetweentherotationsinthesteeringwheelandthecarspositiononamap,thecomputercantelluswherethecaris.,T,(),GR_PartDivisionoftheText1,PartDivisionoftheText,Parts,Para(s),MainIdeas,1,13,2,49,Newtechnologywillhaveadramaticimpactoncarsandhighwaysinthe21stcentury.,Withtheaidofadvancedtechnology,smartcarswillbesodesignedthattheycanhelpeliminatetrafficaccidents,determinetheirownpreciselocationsandwarnoftrafficjams.,GR_PartDivisionoftheText2,Parts,Para(s),MainIdeas,GPSand“telematics”willmakeitpossibletobuildsmarthighways,whichwillbenefitusinmorethanoneway.,1013,3,GR_AnswertheQuestions,1.,AnswertheQuestions,Howimportantwastheautomobileindustryinthe20thcentury?,2.,3.,Didtheautomobileindustrychangealotinthelastseventyyears?,Whatwillhappentocarsandroadsinthe21stcentury?,4.,Whydoestheauthorsaythekeytotomorrows“smartcars”willbesensors?,GR_TextAnalysis,TextAnalysis,Inthispart,theauthorliststhefeaturesofsmartcars.Canyousummarizethesefeatures?,Tips:,Smartcarscaneliminatemostcaraccidents.Smartcarscanalertthepoliceandprovidepreciselocationifstolen.Smartcarscanmonitoronesdrivingandthedrivingconditionsnearby.Smartcarscanalertthesleepydriver.Smartcarscanlocateyourcarpreciselyandwarnoftrafficjams.,.5.,GR_LanguageFocus1,LanguageFocus,Wemayencountersomedifficultwordsorphrasesinreading.Shallweconsultthedictionaryimmediately?Anefficientreaderwillmakeaguessbasedonknowledgeofword-formationorknowledgeofthewordinthecontext.Forexample,canyouguessthemeaningof“blinkspot”inthefollowingsentence?Shouldyoumakeaseriousdrivingmistake(e.g.,changelaneswhenthereisacarinyour“blindspot”)thecomputerwouldsoundanimmediatewarning.Theremightbeanaccidentifyouchangelaneswhenthereisacarinyour“blindspot”.Howcouldithappen?,GR_LanguageFocus2,Howcomeyoudontknowtheexistenceofthecar?Itmustbethatyoucannotobservethecarfromtherear-viewmirror.Herecomesthepossiblemeaningof“blindspot”:aportionoftheroadbehindacar,whichadrivercannotobservefromtherear-viewmirror.,Nowtrytoguessthemeaningof“GlobalPositioningSystem”(Para.7)and“atomicclocks”(Para.7).Word-formationmayalsoprovidemuchinformationaboutthemeaningoftheword.Forexample,whatistelematics?Theprefix“tele-”means“distant”,thesuffix“-matics”maybetheendpartof“informatics”.Sotelematicsmustbeabranchofknowledgeconcernedwithlong-distancetransmission.,GR_LanguageFocus3,Nowtrytoguessthemeaningof“prototype”(Para.6)and“interstate”(Para.12).,Salesoftheautomobileindustrystandataboutatrilliondollars,makingittheworldsbiggestmanufacturingindustry.,DR_Text1,SmartCars,Eventheautomobileindustry,whichhasremainedlargelyunchangedforthelastseventyyears,isabouttofeeltheeffectsofthecomputerrevolution.,Theautomobileindustryranksasamongthemostlucrativeandpowerfulindustriesofthetwentiethcentury.Therearepresently500millioncarsonearth,oronecarforeverytenpeople.,DR_Text2,Thecar,andtheroadsittravelson,willberevolutionizedinthetwenty-firstcentury.Thekeytotomorrows“smartcars”willbesensors.“Wellseevehiclesandroadsthatseeandhearandfeelandsmellandtalkandact,”predictsBillSpreitzer,technicaldirectorofGeneralMotorsCorporationsITSprogram,whichisdesigningthesmartcarandroadofthefuture.,Approximately40,000peoplearekilledeachyearintheUnitedStatesintrafficaccidents.Thenumberofpeoplethatarekilledorbadlyinjuredincaraccidentsissovastthatwedontevenbothertomentiontheminthenewspapersanymore.,Smartcarshavealreadybeenbuiltwhichcanmonitoronesdrivingandthedrivingconditionsnearby.Smallradarshiddeninthebumperscanscanfornearbycars.Shouldyoumakeaseriousdrivingmistake(e.g.,changelaneswhenthereisacarinyour“blindspot”)thecomputerwouldsoundanimmediatewarning.,DR_Text3,Fullyhalfofthesefatalitiescomefromdrunkdrivers,andmanyothersfromcarelessness.Asmartcarcouldeliminatemostofthesecaraccidents.Itcansenseifadriverisdrunkviaelectronicsensorsthatcanpickupalcoholvaporintheair,andrefusetostartuptheengine.Thecarcouldalsoalertthepoliceandprovideitspreciselocationifitisstolen.,DR_Text4,driverseyelidscloseforacertainlengthoftimeandhisorherdrivingbecomeserratic,acomputerinthedashboardcouldalertthedriver.,AttheMITMediaLab,aprototypeisalreadybeingbuiltwhichwilldeterminehowsleepyyouareasyoudrive,whichisespeciallyimportantforlong-distancetruckdrivers.Themonotonous,almosthypnoticprocessofstaringatthecenterdividerforlonghoursisagrosslyunderestimated,life-threateninghazard.Toeliminatethis,atinycamerahiddeninthedashboardcanbetrainedonadriversfaceandeyes.Ifthe,DR_Text5,Twoofthemostfrustratingthingsaboutdrivingacararegettinglostandgettingstuckintraffic.Whilethecomputerrevolutionisunlikelytocuretheseproblems,itwillhaveapositiveimpact.Sensorsinyourcartunedtoradiosignalsfromorbitingsatellitescanlocateyourcarpreciselyatanymomentandwarnoftrafficjams.Wealreadyhavetwenty-four,Navstarsatellitesorbitingtheearth,makingupwhatiscalledtheGlobalPositioningSystem.Theymakeitpossibletodetermineyourlocationontheearthtowithinaboutahundredfeet.,DR_Text6,Atanygiventime,thereareseveralGPSsatellitesorbitingoverheadatadistanceofabout11,000miles.Eachsatellitecontainsfour“atomicclocks,”whichvibrateataprecisefrequency,accordingtothelawsofthequantumtheory.,Asasatellitepassesoverhead,itsendsoutaradiosignalthatcanbedetectedbyareceiverinacarscomputer.Thecarscomputercanthencalculatehowfarthesatelliteisbymeasuringhowlongittookforthesignaltoarrive.Sincethespeedoflightiswellknown,anydelayinreceivingthesatellitessignalcanbeconvertedintoadistance.,DR_Text7,InJapantherearealreadyoveramillioncarswithsometypeofnavigationalcapability.(Someofthemlocateacarspositionbycorrelatingtherotationsinthesteeringwheeltoitspositiononamap.)Withthepriceofmicrochipsdroppingsodrastically,futureapplicationsofGPSarevirtuallylimitless.“Thecommercialindustryispoisedtoexplode,”saysRandy,HoffmanofMagellanSystemsCorp.,whichmanufacturesnavigationalsystems.BlindindividualscoulduseGPSsensorsinwalkingsticks,airplanescouldlandbyremotecontrol,hikerswillbeabletolocatetheirpositioninthewoodsthelistofpotentialusesisendless.,GPSisactuallybutpartofalargermovement,called“telematics,”whichwilleventuallyattempttoputsmartcarsonsmarthighways.PrototypesofsuchhighwaysalreadyexistinEurope,andexperimentsarebeingmadeinCaliforniatomountcomputerchips,sensors,andradiotransmittersonhighwaystoalertcarstotrafficjamsandobstructions.Onaneight-milestretchofInterstate15tenmilesnorthofSanDiego,trafficengineersareinstallinganMIT-designedsystemwhichwillintroducethe“automateddriver.”Theplancallsforcomputers,aidedbythousandsofthree-inchmagneticspikesburiedinthehighway,totakecompletecontrolofthedrivingofcarsonheavilytraffickedroads.Carswillbebunchedintogroupsoftentotwelvevehicles,onlysixfeetapart,travelinginunison,andcontrolledbycomputer.,DR_Text8,DR_Text9,Promotersofthiscomputerizedhighwayhavegreathopesforitsfuture.By2010,telematicsmaywellbeincorporatedintooneofthemajorhighwaysintheUnitedStates.Ifsuccessful,by2020,asthepriceofmicrochipsdropstobelowapennyapiece,telematicscouldbeadoptedinthousandsofmilesofhighwaysintheUnitedStates.Thiscouldprovetobeanenvironmentalboonaswell,savingfuel,reducingtrafficjams,decreasingairpollution,andservingasanalternativetohighwayexpansion.,DR_Sentence1_Salesofthe,Howdoyouunderstandtheword“stand”?,“Stand”isusedtoshowaparticularleveloramount.Forexample:Inflationcurrentlystandsatninepercent.Yourbankbalancestandsat$460.,Salesoftheautomobileindustrystandataboutatrilliondollars,makingittheworldsbiggestmanufacturingindustry.,TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右，从而成为世界上最大的制造业。,DR_Sentence2_Thekey,Paraphrasethesentenceandpayattentiontothestructure“thekeytosth.”,Thecrucialelementofthefuturesmartcarswillbesensors.,Thekeytotomorrows“smartcars”willbesensors.,“Should”isoftenusedinsubordinateclausesafter“if”itmakesaneventsoundlessprobable.Forexample:IfyoushouldseeHarry,givehimmyregards.(Youmightseehim.)InBritishEnglish,thestructure“if+subject+should+verb”isoftenreplacedby“Should+subject+verb”.Forexample:ShouldyouseeHarry,givehimmyregards.,DR_Sentence3_Shouldyou,Analyzethestructureofthissentence.,Shouldyoumakeaseriousdrivingmistake(e.g.,changelaneswhenthereisacarinyour“blindspot”)thecomputerwouldsoundanimmediatewarning.,DR_Sentence4_Toeliminate,Toeliminatethis,atinycamerahiddeninthedashboardcanbetrainedonadriversfaceandeyes.,Youmustbefamiliarwiththeword“train”,buthowdoyouunderstandthewordinthissentence?,Here“train”meanstofocusonoraimat.,DR_Sentence5_Sensorsin,Paraphrasethissentence.,Therearesensorsinthecarandtheyaretunedtoradiosignalswhichcomefromorbitingsatellites.Thesensorscanlocatethecarandwarnoftrafficjams.,Sensorsinyourcartunedtoradiosignalsfromorbitingsatellitescanlocateyourcarpreciselyatanymomentandwarnoftrafficjams.,DR_Sentence6_Theymake,TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,通过这些卫星我们有可能以小于100英尺的误差确定你在地球上的方位。,Theymakeitpossibletodetermineyourlocationontheearthtowithinaboutahundredfeet.,DR_Sentence6_Someof,Explainhowthenavigationalfacilitieshelplocatethecarsposition.,Theylocatethecarspositionbyestablishingtherelationbetweentherotationsinthewheelandthecarspositiononamap.,(Someofthemlocateacarspositionbycorrelatingtherotationsinthesteeringwheeltoitspositiononamap.),DR_Sentence7_Thecommercial,“Thecommercialindustryispoisedtoexplode,”,Whatdoes“thecommercialindustry”referto?,ItreferstotheindustrytowhichGPSisappliedcommercially.,Paraphrasethesentence.,Thecommercialindustryisboundtodeveloprapidlyandbeprosperous.,在圣迭戈以北10英里的15号州际公路一段8英里长的路面上,DR_Sentence8_Onaneight-mile,HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheInterstateintheU.S.?,Onaneight-milestretchofInterstate15tenmilesnorthofSanDiego,InterstateisoneofasystemofhighwaysextendingbetweenandconnectingthemajorcitiesoftheUnitedStates.,Whatdoes“stretch”mean?,Itmeansacontinuousorunbrokenlength.,TranslatethispartintoChinese.,DR_Sentence9_By2010,Paraphrasethestructure“maywellbe”,isverylikelythat,By2010,telematicsmaywellbeincorporatedintooneofthemajorhighwaysintheUnitedStates.,TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,到2010年，远程信息技术很可能应用于美国的一条主要公路。,DR_word_lucrative,lucrative:ducingmuchmoney;profitable,Thisisalucrativebusiness.,我们和一家美国公司做大米进口的生意，赚了些钱。,WemadealucrativebusinesswiththeAmericancompanyonriceimports.,DR_word_manufacture,manufacture:vt.1.makegoodsonalargescaleusingmachinery,Thisfirmmanufacturescars.,2.invent;makeup,在工厂制造产品,tomanufacturegoodsinafactory,Youllhavetomanufacturesomekindofexcuse.,她编了一段谎话来掩盖事实。,Shemanufacturedafalsestorytohidethefacts.,Hemadeamodelplaneoutofwood.他用木头做了一架模型飞机。,make通用且非正式，可用于所有的制造过程。例如：,DR_word_alert2,manufacturegetridof,她已被取消了参加游泳比赛的资格。,Pattern:,Canweevereliminatehungerfromtheworldoneday?,eliminatesth.fromsth.,Hundredsofbirdssuddenlyroseintheair.,DR_word_intheair,intheair:intheearthsatmosphere;uncertain,notyetdecided,Thereisastrangesmellintheair.,我们的计划尚未确定。,Ourplansarestillintheair.,DR_word_startup,startup:beginorbeginworking,running,happening,etc.,玛丽发动引擎，向她的家乡驶去。,Marystarteduptheengineanddroveforherhometown.,Putthekeyintheignitionandturnittostartthecarup.,DR_word_alert1,alert:1.vt.warnsb.thattheremaybedanger,trouble,etc.,Thedoctoralertedmetothedangersofsmoking.,2.adj.attentive;watchful,Thesquirrelsarequitealerttodangers.,警察警告我有危险。,Thepolicemanalertedmetothedanger.,Pattern:,alertsb.tosth.,Pattern:,bealerttodanger,Iwishyouwouldbemoreattentivetowhatyourteacherhastoldyou.希望你能多注意老师对你说的话。,attentive强调能够把注意力集中于某事上而不分心、不走神。例如：,DR_word_alert2,alertconstantandboring,我在汽车工厂的工作颇为单调乏味。,Myjobinthecarfactoryisrathermonotonous.,Theteachersvoicewassomonotonousthatitsentmetosleep.,DR_word_hazard,hazard:n.athingthatcanbedangerousorcausedamage;adangerorrisk,Therearemanyserioushazardsassociatedwithsmoking.,穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。,TherearemanyhazardsinajourneyacrossAfrica.,Collocation:,beonthehazard,atallhazards,inhazard,byhazard,不顾一切风险;在任何情况下,在危险中,受到威胁,偶然,碰运气,在危险中,DR_word_vibrate,vibrate:v.(causesth.to)moverapidlyandcontinuouslybackwardsandforwards;shake,Thehammersstrikethepianostringsandvibratethem.,当司机发动了发动机时，公共汽车颤动着。,Thebusvibratedwhenthedriverstarteduptheengine.,Tomsheavyfootstepsupstairsmadetheoldhousevibrate.,DR_word_frequency,frequency:n.therateatwhichsth.happensorisrepeated,usu.measuredoveraparticularperiod